CHAPTER 1

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Social work as a profession is concerned on the social functioning of

people. It is focused on the interaction between people, either individually or in

groups, and their environments. Hence, social workers intervene at a point where

the abilities and needs of people do not match with the demands and

opportunities in the environment.

Social workers pledge to uphold the basic human rights of individuals and

groups. To be able to practice this principle, social workers are known or

observed to act for the welfare of an individual, group or community. They are

active catalysts or agents of change on any clientele problematic situations.

These human instances, generally, refer to neglection of improving or developing

human situations, injustices, deviance, barriers to meeting life potentials and

standards of which usually is discoursed under human rights.

Social work is interconnected with human rights even observable in their

histories. Human rights merely was just an idea long before World War II but was

later materialized through a Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1945. This

being the bedrock of all rights have had its specifications in every generation.

Accordingly, human rights have four categories civil, economic, political and

socio-cultural rights.

Globally, social workers in direct practice have had instances wherein clients

decisions were ruled by unintentional manipulation, especially for children or

elderly clients. There is a need for a worker to be fully informed not only by

handling a case, but also broader political, historical and social and cultural

contexts within which social work practice is only been documented in recent

years (Biggs et al. 1995). The ability to decide for their own follows the self-

determination principle in social work; moreover it is a natural right for a person

to decide for her or his undertakings.

Social work in the Philippine setting on the other hand, for it to be

understood, requires one to know the context of its colonial and political history,

much of it was shaped by foreign governments and international Non-

Government Organizations (INGOs) (Yu, 2006). It was introduced in the 1930s

as a systematic method of helping people in the field of public welfare.

It came to be officially recognized as a profession within the passage of a

law by Congress in 1965 elevating social work to a profession. Under Republic

Act No. 4373 social work as the profession which is primarily concerned with

organized social service activity aimed to facilitate and strengthen basic social

relationships and the mutual adjustment between individuals and their social

environment for the good of the individual and of society. (Social Welfare and

Social Work, Thelma-Lee-Mendoza, 2008).

The legalization of professional practice in social work initiated

movements empowering the people in pursuing the advocacy of human rights

with the increasing crime rate. As mandated by law, the Department of Social

Welfare and Development (DSWD) is established per region while specifying its

domain per city, one of which is particularly in Davao City.

 The aforementioned R.A4373 describes we do not simply just acquire the

needed knowledge but it requires one to engage in formal type of education so

as to be more aware, critical, prepared and ready about its ways in direct practice

as it is stated in RA 4373.

One of the schools that offer social work program in Davao City is Holy

Cross of Davao College (HCDC). It is an archdiocesan educational institution

wherein several rights are evident and exercised by the different sectors present

in HCDC. The program offers subjects apt to its curriculum. One of which is the

explanation of social legislation which are the laws and policies that may be

applicable on different client situations. However, when students lack the

knowledge on human rights, it may soon affect their academic performance and

may lead to poor outcomes or unsuccessful interventions during direct practice.

The lack of ample information about human rights would also mean not being

able to abide accordingly on the standards of ethical conduct.

Basically, human rights are the foundation for social workers. Hence, it is only

necessary for it to be learned well-enough to become more effective agents and

advocates of change.

Accordingly, this study supports the necessity to expound the

needed literature on the connection of human rights and social work. The social

work students being the respondents of the study will be able to assess

themselves and test of how aware they are on human rights in general and with

its categories. Their knowledge on human rights is essential at present especially

during their professional practice in the future.

 Statement of the Problem

This study aimed to determine the level of awareness of social work

students on human rights.

Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions:

1. What is the socio-demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1 Sex
1.2 Year level
2. What is the level of awareness of the respondents on human rights when

categorized in terms of:

2.1 Civil rights
2.2 Economic rights
2.3 Political rights
2.4 Socio-cultural rights
3. Is there a significant difference of the respondents level of awareness when

analyzed in terms of their:

3.1 Sex
3.2 Year level
4. What possible recommendation/s to maintain or improve the level of awareness

of the students on human rights in the social work program.

Objective of the Study

The primary objective of this study is to measure the level of awareness of

social work students of Holy Cross of Davao College about human rights and the

social work profession.

Significance of the Study

Their awareness is indicated by their knowledge of what is true or correct,

what is the right thing to do, or the appropriate actuation or behaviour when one

encounters such situations. This paper will be conducted to determine if the

students have the ability to easily distinguish various dimensions of human rights

such as-- civil rights, economic rights, political rights, social and cultural rights--

and if they understand the importance of these aspects in relation to social work

profession.

The researchers saw an interest to have the research environment in the

school where the respondents are students enrolled in the program. Moreover, it

is accessible for the researchers in the process of data gathering. The output of

the study will be an addition literature to the human rights awareness studies

conducted in the institution. This will specifically help the social work program in

determining the students awareness on human rights and in the latter, may help

them in direct practice. This also may assist human rights advocates in spreading

awareness and knowledge on its terms.

It is an important factor to consider since as mentioned in the foregoing

that the social work profession follows the philosophy of respecting the human

worth and dignity. Thus, it attains, maintains and preserves the human persons

capability to function well in society through a mutual need of fulfilment.

Moreover, the social work students will be able to assess themselves of whether
their common knowledge on human rights may have influenced their decision to

take this profession.

The awareness of social work students in human rights will guide them in

deciding a better course of action in making use to circumstances that may

require it. Being aware is better than ignorance. Moreover, a passive attitude may

lead to oppression amongst the students.

Scope and Limitation of the Study

The study is a descriptive survey method because it involves acquiring

information about one or more groups of people in Holy Cross of Davao College

students by asking them questions concerning their awareness of human rights.

The total population of social work students in Holy Cross of Davao College, only

will be used as a sample in conducting the survey.

This study limits its coverage on the students in Holy Cross of Davao

College from the Bachelor of Science in Social Work only. The study involves

giving out questionnaires to the respondents to measure their knowledge and

comprehension of human rights concepts.

This study will be conducted on the month of June 2016 up to October

2016 with limited amount of financial resources and time framework.

Definition of Terms
 The following terms are defined both conceptually and operationally to

further grasps the meaning of this endeavour.

Human rights

According to United Nations, human rights are generally defined as those

rights, which are inherent in our nature, and without which, we cannot live as

human beings. It further defines that human rights are rights to all human beings,

whatever our nationality, place of residence, sex, national or ethnic origin, colour,

religion, language, or any or other status. We are all equally entitled to our

human rights without discrimination. These rights are all interrelated,

interdependent and indivisible.

According to Philippine Commission on Human Rights, human rights are

supreme, inherent and inalienable rights to life, dignity and self-development. It is

the essence of these rights that makes man human.

Social Work

According to International Federation of Social Workers (IFSW), Social

work is a practice-based profession and an academic discipline that promotes

social change and development, social cohesion, and the empowerment and

liberation of people. Principles of social justice, human rights, collective

responsibility and respect for diversities are central to social work. Underpinned
by theories of social work, social sciences, humanities and indigenous

knowledge, social work engages people and structures to address life challenges

and enhance wellbeing.

In the social work profession, human rights have only recently begun to

significance. For too long, social workers have stood aside from human rights,

considering discussion of the topic to be more international and legalistic.

Awareness

As defined by Merriam-Webster, awareness is a knowledge that

something exists, or understanding of a situation or subject at the present time

based on information or experience.

Civil Rights

According to Legal Information Institute, a civil right is an enforceable right

or privilege, which if interfered with by another gives rise to an action for injury.

Examples of civil rights are freedom of speech, press, and assembly; the right to

vote; freedom from involuntary servitude; and the right to equality in public

places.

Economic Rights

According to National Economic and Social Rights Initiative (NESRI),

Economic Rights is essential for the good living and the fulfilment of the various
needs of the person. It includes the Right to Work, Right to Adequate Wages,

Right to Property, Right to Rest and Leisure and Right to Social Security.

Political Rights

According to Myrna S. Feliciano, political rights are such rights of citizens

which grant them the power to participate, directly or indirectly, in the

establishment or management of the government. Stated simply, a right is

denominated political, if the citizen is empowered to share or participate in the

making of political decisions.

Social and Cultural Rights

According to National Economic and Social Rights Initiative (NESRI),

Socio-Cultural rights are human rights that aim at assuring the enjoyment of

culture and its components in conditions of equality, human dignity and non-

discrimination.
 CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF LITERATURE AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

This section presents the reviews of varied literatures such as published

books, journals, magazines and other unpublished materials that are viewed in

relation to the study.

Human Rights are a sensitive subject the study of which is full of pitfalls. It

is the cornerstone of peace and security for all nations and it is universally

acknowledged as it has special importance in the fabric of international relations.

It is clear that the concept of human rights is the most ancient though its

origination is uncertain. It is realized that word human rights were originated from

the first written epic of the world. Every major human civilization underwent a

process of transformation in which it felt the dignity of human beings at its heart.

(Kenneth Minogue, 2004).

According to Jorge Coquia (2000), Human Rights are those rights, which

are inherent in our nature, and without which, we cannot live as human beings.

This allows to develop and use our human qualities, intelligence, talents and

conscience, and to satisfy our spiritual and other needs. She further illustrated

that human rights are inherent because they are not granted by any person or

authority. According to Art. 4 in UDHR (Universal Declaration of Human Rights)

states that no one should be held in slavery or servitude, slavery in all its forms

should be eliminated. Political Rights are those rights that pertain to an

individuals participation in government or the political process. Civil Rights

basically refer to the rights enjoyed to enable individuals to undertake the

everyday business of life. Economic, social and cultural rights are recognized

and protected in international and regional human rights instruments.

According to Jacques Maritain (2010) The human person possesses

rights because of the very fact that it is a person, a whole, a master of itself and

its act, and which consequently is not merely a means to an end, but an end,

which must be treated as such. So human rights are those rights with which

human beings born and get extra-ordinary and become beast when they lose

these rights.

Sharma (2007) viewed that Social and human rights workers are already

doing good job in various spheres including the promotion of human rights. Their

efforts have been found to be complementing the activities of government and

NGOs in their crusade against poverty and exploitation. What is needed today is

a campaign of education to put human face on human rights to identify the rights

of starving people, those who lose their land unjustly, those whose children are

kidnapped for immoral purposes, those who are mistreated because their

families are too poor to give dowry and all those who suffer injustice because

they have no one to help them. The social workers can take a lead in this

campaign, they can engage further in preventive and rehabilitative work for those

who are or may become victims of human rights violation and exploitation of any

kind.

An online article entitled Social Work and Human Rights (2008) describes

that the students can identify and evaluate relevant human rights policies from
the European Union that have an impact on his/her own organization and on the

possibilities, requirements and restrictions for the clients. The graduate can use

previous experience as social worker in organizations in the past to evaluate how

well the current employer is dealing with human rights issues relative to other

organizations. The graduate can analyse the significance of European human

rights issues, trends, procedures etc. for the organization, they can communicate

the results of such an analysis in a manner that the organization can effectively

use.

The International Federation of Social Workers (2012) recognizes that

social work originates variously from humanitarian, religious and democratic

ideals and philosophies; and that is has universal application to meet human

potential. Professional social workers are dedicated to service for the welfare and

self-fulfillment of human beings; to the development and disciplined use of

scientific knowledge regarding human behavior and society; to the development

of resources to meet individual, group, national and international needs and

aspirations; to the enhancement and improvement of the quality of life of people;

and to the achievement of social justice.

Elisabeth Reichert (2011) exposes that in the social work profession,

human rights have only recently begun to have significance. For too long, social

workers have stood aside from human rights, considering discussion of the topic

to be more international and legalistic. Fortunately, this reluctance to integrate

human rights into social work policies and practices has started to fade. Human
rights now cover domestic, as well as international, circumstances and, in many

cases, human rights principles have a direct impact on local social work issues.

Unless individuals, communities, corporations, governments, and other groups

recognize human rights at home, promotion of human rights on a broader level

will be meaningless or, at best, superficial. The most appropriate place to begin

the study and application of human rights is in a persons own environment.

Another of her published book entitled Challenges in Human Rights: A

Social Work Perspective (2007), she express that one of the challenges within

the social work profession, particularly in the United States, is to encourage the

profession to give more than passing attention or an obligatory nod to human

rights. A significant obstacle to overcoming that challenge is the lack of

appropriate literature in this area. Most academic books on Human rights have

little to do with social work and usually short-change discussion about economic,

social, and cultural rights. Political and civil rights dominate the themes of those

books, which clearly prompt social workers to question the relevance of human

rights to their profession. Yet principles of economic, social, and cultural human

rights permeate social work ethics, values, and principles.

Theory Base
 The study is anchored on the human development and rights perspective

and Banduras Social Cognitive theory.

The original focus of human development approaches was primarily on

social and economic development as an outcome of development effort. These

approaches were less concerned with the quality of the process by which

outcomes were achieved. Human rights approaches, on the other hand, place

primary emphasis on an intricate web of duties and obligations and focus

primarily on accountability and process.

The rights-based approach which place primary emphasis on an intricate

web of duties and obligations, and focus primarily on accountability and process.

(UNDP, 2000)

Human rights approaches go beyond human development by recognizing that to

achieve human development outcomes, human rights must be realised by those

whose development is at stake. From the forgoing, there is an apparent

relationship between these two perspectives and thus became the forces in the

formulation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1984 during the

Second World War.

The UDHR is the foundation for the far evolving specification of human

rights in the 20th century. In this generation we have been taught about human

rights and that is not something new to us.

In the everyday activity of the students this gave them the idea as to the

manner of response or reaction to other people. Rights was considered and

became the basis of correct action, of what is permissible and not. Ideas or facts
about human rights did not just merely come into mind but is usually made

realized through social interaction.

Knowing is the basic step wherein application follows. The objective self-

awareness theory of Wicklund and Duval is applied in the study. Focusing

attention on the self-brought about objective self-awareness, which initiated an

automatic comparison of the self against standards (Duval and Wicklund, 1972).

In relation to the students awareness the theory explains the courses of

action made by students upon knowing the basic human rights. Knowing human

rights referred to as the standards in the study which would have affected the

students behaviour one way or another. The process of comparing the self with

standards allows people to change their behaviour and to experience pride and

dissatisfaction with the self.

People focus at a given time and this allows one to compare self with

standards, try harder to meet standards, and show stronger emotional responses

to meeting or to failing to meet a standard. The awareness acquired may have

influenced the students capacity analyzing clientele problems in case studies,

moreover self-awareness is needed for people to reduce disparities between

their action and their ideals.

Conceptual Framework
 The figure below presents the relationship of the variables of the study.

The independent variable is the categories of human rights and the moderating

variable is the demographic profile of the respondents of which the data will be

analyzed by their sex and year level. The dependent variable is the level of

awareness of the students which is the variable to be tested and its result is

dependent to how the categories of human rights rule out the survey.

Level of Demographic Categories of

Awareness Profile: Human Rights:
Sex Economic
Year Level Civil
Political
Socio-cultural

Figure 1. Conceptual Framework of the study

Research Assumption/ Research Hypothesis (es)

Ho. There is no significant difference between the respondents level of

awareness on human rights and their sex and year level.

 CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

Method Used

The research design is quantitative using descriptive survey

method. According to Paler-Calmorin & Calmorin (1995) this design is

appropriate if the study sought to find new truth about a present condition and the

truth may have different from such as increased quantity of knowledge and gives

a new, an increased insight into factors which are operating the discovery of a

new causal relationship, a more accurate formulation of the problem to be

solved. The survey research used applications of scientific method by critically

analyzing and examining the source of materials by analyzing and interpreting

data, and by arriving at generalization and prediction (Salaria, 2012). Since the

word survey signifies the gathering of data regarding in present conditions and is

useful in proving value of facts and focusing attention on the most important

things to be reported.
Sources of Data

This study have used primary source of data consisting of

documentary evidences through survey questionnaires. The data was acquired

from the 252 social work students from Holy Cross of Davao College enrolled in

the 1st semester of the S.Y 2016 2017 as the respondents of the study.

Data Gathering Instrument

The research instrument of the study is a survey questionnaire. The

questionnaire consists of twenty (20) items categorized into four dimension---

civil, economic, political and socio-cultural rights. The first part of the instrument

is the socio-demographic profile of the social work students such as their sex and

year level. The second part consist of statements describing the level of

awareness of social work students on human rights.

The validity of the research instrument was consulted to three experts on

the field of human rights. The commission of human rights, hall of justice and

program head of the criminology program of HCDC validated the instrument and

was improved. The survey questionnaire have had modifications according to the

recommendations and suggestions of the experts.

The questionnaire was submitted to the adviser and proceeded with the

reproduction for the pre-test to check reliability. The survey questionnaire was
pre-tested to ten (10) randomly selected from 1 st to 4th year social work students

from the Assumption College of Davao. The data gathered was tabulated and

has run through reliability test from the Institutional Research Office (IRO) of

HCDC with the result of Cronbachs Alpha 0.877.

The table below presents the scale used to interpret the gathered data.

Value Descriptive Rating Descriptive Interpretation

5 Extremely Aware
4 Moderately Aware
Equivalent to 4.20-4.99 which means
that the respondents has extremely
aware on the statements had mentioned
Equivalent to 3.40-4.19 means that the
respondents are moderate aware on the
statement mentioned

Equivalent to 2.60-3.39 means that the

3 Somewhat Aware respondents are somewhat aware on
the mentioned statement

Equivalent 1.80-2.59 means that the

2 Slightly Aware
1 Not at all aware
respondents are slightly aware on the
mentioned statements
Equivalent to 1.00-1.79 means that
respondents are not all aware on the
mentioned statements

Sampling Techniques

The researchers have initiated to get the total number of social

work students as the respondents of study. There are 309 social work students

enrolled in first semester of school year 2016-2017 as the target respondents of

the study. The researchers have decided to use the total population to get

reliable results.

Table 3. Population and sample of the respondents by sex and year level.

Year Level 1st year 2nd year 3rd year 4th year
Sex M F M F M F M F
Population 12 35 28 90 13 73 12 53
Total 47 118 86 65
Percentage
from the total
population 10.35% 33.01% 23.30% 14.9%

The table shows the

Procedure of the Study

In preparation for the data gathering procedure, the researchers

have made a letter of approval addressing to the social work program. Pertained

in the letter was the approval of conducting a survey via survey questionnaires to

the social work students. The researchers included the permission of the

acquisition of the class schedule of major subjects and master list of 1 st to 4th

year social work students.

A separated letter was secured to present to the teacher permitting

the researchers to interrupt classes in major subjects during data gathering. The

researchers have consumed a maximum of 10 minutes per class during the

explanation of the purpose of the study and data gathering. The researchers
guided the respondents on answering the survey questionnaires and assured no

item was left unanswered. The survey questionnaires were collected for

tabulation and data analysis.

Statistical Treatment

The researchers have conducted a survey to BSSW students of Holy

Cross of Davao College about their level of awareness on human rights

categorized in civil rights, economic rights, political rights and socio-cultural

rights.

The data gathered is tested whether the difference in means is

statistically significant we can perform analysis of variance (ANOVA). If the

ANOVA F-test results greater than 0.05 it means that there is no significant

difference between the sex and year levels. The ANOVA F-test answers the

question whether there are significant differences in the (K) population means.

However, it does not provide with any information about how they differ.

Therefore, when Ho is rejected in ANOVA, additional analysis are required to

determine what is driving the difference in means.

 CHAPTER 4

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter contains the presentation, analysis and interpretation of the

data gathered from responses of the questionnaire. The result of this study

arranged in accordance to the questions used in the statements of the problem.

Profile of the Respondents

Presented in table 1 is the profile of the respondents categorized

according to their sex and year level.

Table 1. Socio-Demographic Profile of the Respondents

Profiles Frequency Percentage

Sex

Male 54 21.4

Female 198 78.6

Total 252 100.0

Year Level

First Year 32 12.7

Second year 102 40.5

Third Year 72 28.6

Fourth Year 46 18.3

Total 252 100.0

 The profile of the respondents as shown, there are more female

compared to male social work students currently enrolled in Holy Cross of Davao

College and the highest population in year level is the second year followed by

third, fourth and first year, accordingly. The target respondents of the study is the

total population of 300 social work students but was not attained due to

unavailability of the 48 students from their presence and time. The table below

presents the level of awareness on human rights of social work students of Holy

Cross of Davao College categorized in terms of Civil, Economic, Political and

Socio-Economic Rights.
Table 2. Level of Awareness of the Respondents on Human Rights

Mea Level of
Categories of Human Rights SD
n Awareness
Statements on Civil Rights
Somewhat
I detest people attacking another religion or belief. 3.25 1.26
Aware
I am particular with my right to freedom of Moderately
3.97 1.02
movement. Aware
Moderately
I am not being humiliated in front of other people. 3.51 1.05
Aware
I dont have any prejudice regarding other peoples Moderately
3.71 1.26
race, age or sex. Aware
Extremely
I am conscious of my right to privacy. 4.21 0.97
Aware
Moderately
Overall Awareness on Civil Rights 3.73 0.74
Aware
Statements on Economic Rights
I am able to access equal high-quality and Moderately
3.93 0.92
comprehensive health care. Aware
I am aware that housing must provide certain
Moderately
facilities essential for health, security, comfort, and 4.15 0.95
Aware
nutrition.
I have the privileged to access safe and nutritious Extremely
4.34 0.87
foods. Aware
I am aware the contractualization is prejudicial to Moderately
3.87 1.02
the right of workers to security of tenure. Aware
I am aware that the Social Security System (SSS)
Extremely
is created by law to serve the peoples right to 4.23 1.00
Aware
social security.
Moderately
Overall Awareness on Economics Rights 4.11 0.67
Aware
Statements on Political Rights
Aware that everyone has equal access to public Moderately
4.16 1.02
service in the country. Aware
Aware that I can vote on local and national
Extremely
elections in the Philippines given that I am a 4.46 1.01
Aware
registered voter.
Conscious that everyone has the right to
Moderately
peaceably assemble to petition the government to 4.06 0.93
Aware
redress and grievance.
Aware that the liberty of speech and press implies
Moderately
the right to freely discuss issues publicly and 4.04 0.97
Aware
truthfully.
 Aware that the right of information provides the
access to official records, documents, and papers Moderately
4.02 0.97
pertaining to official acts, transactions or Aware
decisions.
Moderately
Overall Awareness on Political Rights 4.15 0.72
Aware
Statements on Socio-cultural Rights
I have participated in any cultural events. (e.g. Moderately
3.47 1.34
Kadayawan, Araw ng Davao or Pasko Fiesta) Aware
I respect the traditions of the ethnic groups(e.g. Extremely
4.59 0.85
Badjao, Ayta, Manonobo, Waray and Ifugao) Aware
If a social security scheme requires contributions,
Moderately
do those contributions should be stipulated in 3.77 0.97
Aware
advance?
Every person has right to acquire basic education
Extremely
and to enhance their personal, intellectual, and 4.62 0.83
Aware
social abilities.
I am aware that one of the violations in socio-
Extremely
cultural is that denying social assistance to people 4.27 0.92
Aware
because of their status.
Moderately
Overall Awareness on Socio-cultural Rights 4.14 0.69
Aware

Moderately
Overall Awareness on Human Rights 4.03 0.53
Aware

Awareness on Human Rights

The result shows that social work students were moderately aware of

human rights with an overall weighted mean of 4.03. Based on the data,

respondents were moderately aware on civil rights that has an overall weighted

mean of 3.73 and is the lowest among the categories of rights. The statement

with the highest scale in this category has a weighted mean of 4.21, that

respondents were extremely aware and conscious of their right to privacy while

the lowest scale is 3.25 that respondents are somewhat aware to detest people

attacking another religion or belief.

Their awareness on economic rights has an overall weighted mean of 4.11

which means respondents were moderately aware. On this category, the

 statement with the highest scale has a weighted mean of 4.34---respondents

were moderately aware of being privileged to access safe and nutritious foods,

while the lowest scale has an overall weighted mean of 3.87 that respondents

were also moderately aware that contractualization is prejudicial to the right of

worker to security of tenure.

Overall weighted mean on political rights is 4.15 and is the highest among

the categories of human rights. Respondents were moderately aware of their

political rights and the statement that has the highest scale has a weighted mean

of 4.46---respondents were extremely aware that every person has right to

acquire basic education and to enhance their personal, intellectual, and social

abilities, while the lowest scale is 4.02 respondents are moderately aware that

the right of information provides the access to official records, documents, and

papers pertaining to official acts, transactions or decisions.

The overall weighted of socio-cultural rights is 4.14---respondents are

moderately aware. The statement with the highest scale has a weighted mean of

4.62 that respondents were extremely aware that every person has right to

acquire basic education and to enhance their personal, intellectual, and social

abilities. The statement with the lowest scale has a weighted mean of 3.47---

respondents were moderately aware and have participated in any cultural events

(e.g. Kadayawan, Araw ng Davao or Christmas or Fiesta).

Table 3. Test of Difference of the respondents level of awareness when

analyzed in terms of Sex, and Year level

Decision
Awareness on F- p-
N Mean Sd Df @ 0.05
Human Rights value value
level
Civil Rights
Sex
 Male 54 3.72 0.72 1 Not
0.011 0.92
Female 198 3.73 0.74 250 Significant
Year Level
First Year 32 3.64 0.84
Second Year 102 3.77 0.77 3 Not
0.441 0.72
Third Year 72 3.69 0.70 248 Significant
Fourth Year 46 3.79 0.64

Economics Rights
Sex
Male 54 4.06 0.74 1 Not
0.327 0.57
Female 198 4.12 0.65 250 Significant
Year Level
First Year 32 3.95 0.75
Second Year 102 4.14 0.71 3 Not
2.56 0.06
Third Year 72 4.00 0.63 248 Significant
Fourth Year 46 4.30 0.54

Political Rights
Sex
Male 54 4.13 0.69 1 Not
0.050 0.82
Female 198 4.15 0.73 250 Significant
Year Level
First Year 32 4.04 0.78
Second Year 102 4.11 0.75 3 Significan
3.20 0.02
Third Year 72 4.07 0.67 248 t
Fourth Year 46 4.44 0.65

Socio-Cultural
Rights
Sex
Male 54 4.17 0.80 1 Not
0.082 0.78
Female 198 4.14 0.66 250 Significant
Year Level
First Year 32 4.13 0.95
Second Year 102 4.18 0.73 3 Not
0.495 0.69
Third Year 72 4.06 0.57 248 Significant
Fourth Year 46 4.20 0.54

Overall Awareness
on Human Rights
Sex
Male 54 4.01 0.57 1 Not
0.041 0.84
Female 198 4.04 0.52 250 Significant
Year Level
First Year 32 3.94 0.62
Second Year 102 4.05 0.56 3 Not
2.13 0.097
Third Year 72 3.95 0.47 248 Significant
Fourth Year 46 4.18 0.45

Discussion

The data above shows the overall awareness of the respondents. It is

observed that there is no significant relationship between the level of awareness

on human rights of social work students, sex and year level. The null hypothesis

aforementioned is therefore adapted in this study. The political rights resulted

being significant for the social work students especially the 4rth year. Its because

they are also exposed from political rights because of the experiences they have

absorbed from their assigned agencies. They also have applied on what they

have learned from their previous subject like PS 1.

 CHAPTER 5

SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary

The study was conducted to determine the level of awareness of

social work students on human rights, the design that has been used from

this study is correlational research. The respondents were the Social Work

students of Holy Cross of Davao College. The theory that has been used

in the study is Social Cognitive by Albert Bandura and Right-Based

approach. The research instrument of the study is a survey questionnaire.

It consists of twenty (20) items categorized into four (4) dimensions, civil,

economic, political and socio-cultural rights. The first part of instrument is

the demographic profile of the social work students such as their sex and

year level. And the second part is the level of awareness of social work

students on human rights. Based on the results, the respondents are

moderately aware of civil, economic, socio-economic rights while they are

extremely aware on political rights category.

Conclusion

The researchers concluded that most of the respondents are

moderately aware about Human Rights in four (4) different dimensions

which is civil, economic, political and socio-cultural rights. Although social

work academics may give lip service to human rights as an important

element of the social work curriculum, the reality often shows that social
 work has yet to fully embrace or acknowledge the significance of human

rights within the profession. Most of the academic books on Human Rights

have little to do with social work usually short-change discussion about

economic and socio-cultural rights. Political and civil rights dominate the

themes of those books, which clearly prompt social workers to question

the relevance of human rights to their profession. Yet principles of

economic, socio-cultural rights permeate social work ethics, values, and

principles.

Recommendation

Based from the results of this study, the following are

recommended for the future researchers:

1) Pattern the study to the present endeavors of the Holy Cross of Davao

College to produce more helpful outcomes for the Social Work students.
2) Increase the number of questions or dimensions of Human Rights to make

the study more interesting and provide new information to future

researchers.
3) Include the respondents from different schools within Davao City to

acquire more concrete results.

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