Position Paper

Committee: United Nation Development Programme

Agenda 01:Implementing policies for the lower economically developed countries (LEDC) facing
threat from global warming
Country: Indonesia
Delegate : Azmayeen Azfar Chowdhury (BRAC University)

Indonesia is a country in the asian continent which is covered with a large amount of volcanic
islands. Recently it has suffered from climate change in various ways. The has been a shortage of
rainfall for which there is a shortage of water. This has affected the farmers as the dont know when
to plant their crops. Fishermen are also being affected as there is a reduction in the amount of fishes
and the rising sea levels has made it difficult them. Sources say that Indonesia lost 300,000 tonnes
of crop production every year between 1992-2000. Indonesia also plays a strong role in the act of
global warming it is already a significant emitter of greenhouse gases due to deforestation estimated
at 2 million hectares per year and accounts for 85 per cent of the countrys annual greenhouse gas
emissions. It is also a serious coal producer and user in the region.

In this highly technological and modern era it is very tough to bring a reduction in the greenhouse
gasses and implement policies to control climate change. But if actions and policies are not
implemented it will be very hard for the future generation to survive. Global warming is mainly
caused by developed countries because of industrialisation and their population. The policies that
the LEDC can implement are, at first they will have to improve the level of education in the country
so that the population have proper knowledge about climate change and they limit actions their
which they think could harm the environment. With the help of a sophisticated knowledge the
people will know what to do and what not and they can also prevent others from harming the nature
by explaining the drawbacks of global warming. The country can take help from other countries to
provide them qualified teachers so that they can give better and elaborated information about the
cause. People will start improving as they get to know the negative and the harmful problems
which the climate change will bring for their nation.

Transportation is also a major cause of pollution which plays an important role in causing climate
change. The population of the economy will have to consider and compromise leading their daily
lives. They will have to limit the use of motor transport and low as possible. Some statistics say that
a family is maintaining more than one car. This will automatically increase the level of pollution in
the county. Here the government will also have to intervene and put limitations on import of cars or
 Position Paper

in the production of cars. They will have to pass laws so that they can restrict the amount of cars
used by families. In this modern era there are inventions of eco friendly transports but they are very
high in cost which will be very tough for the people of a low economically developed country to
afford as the per capita income is comparatively low. Therefore if few can afford the eco friendly
vehicles they should use those and others should try limiting the use of motor transport so that they
can at least bring the pollution level to minimum.

Industrialisation is one of the major cause of creating pollution. The low economically developed
countries are used to open factories and other production plant by the multinational corporations as
the labor and other cost are tend to be lower than other countries. Though they are creating
employment opportunities for them but the production of commodities in those countries will
increase which will create greater amount of pollution e.g the Rampal Power Plant in Sundarban
Bangladesh. It is a foreign project and will provide very less amount of electricity to Bangladesh
but they are using the land of Bangladesh which will destroy the nature and the mangrove forest.
There should have been some interventions and the permissions should have been more restricted.
The benefits should be measured in a different manner. There should be a proper balance between
cost and benefit. Here the government has to take actions by not permitting such industries to
operate in their country because they bring drawbacks with their advantages. The government will
have to put restrictions on the level of pollution and introduce fines so that they do not cross the
level introduced by the government. The government should influence the industries to use the
latest technology equipment so that they can limit pollution. If that does not work they can shut
down the industries.

These are the policies they can use and implement and this is how the lower economically
developed economies may reduce their pollution level and aware the people of their country so that
they can save the world and their nation from global warming.
 Position Paper
Reference:

http://www.global-greenhouse-warming.com/climate-change-in-Indonesia.html
http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/blogs/climateqa/what-can-we-do-about-global-warming-2
http://www.ebrd.com/downloads/research/transition/trsp8.pdf
http://www.brighterfuturestogether.co.uk/brighter-futures-together-toolkit/tackle-climate-change-
in-your-community/
 Position Paper

Committee: United Nation Development Programme

Agenda 02: Post Conflict Redevelopment: Syrian Havoc
Country: Indonesia
Delegate : Azmayeen Azfar Chowdhury (BRAC University)

The Syrian war started in 2011 and it was the beginning of the destruction of the country. It started
because many citizens did not want the president Bashar al-Assad to be in power. Which later
formed two groups where some were against the movement and some for. Situations got worse after
15 schoolchildren were arrested and tortured for writing anti government graffiti on a wall.
Complicating the situation further, the crisis in Syria has become more than just a war between
people who are for or against President Assad. n early 2014, in neighbouring Iraq, an extremist
group that calls itself Islamic State which began to take over the country. From then till now the
infrastructure of the county has totally changed and has demolished.

The infrastructure is one of the most important part of a country to help it develop. Syria should
start developing its rural areas so that they can start agricultural sectors which will help them
generate some income and so that they can provide sufficient food to the economy as everything has
been destroyed due to war. Later they can start developing the cities so that they can create more
employment opportunities for their citizens and slowly with the help of taxation and the peoples
income they can develop the economy. They will require a lot of foreign fundings from different
countries and also a loan from the World Bank. If they are successful in building its infrastructure
and creating employment opportunities they it will slowly boost up the economy as the standard of
living as well as the income will rise and contribute to it GDP. Therefore infrastructural
development in very important.

Syria alone cannot successful in redeveloping its nation other neighbouring countries or countries
around the world will have to help them. They will have to take refugees from Syria and give them
jobs so that the can generate some income and send it back to its county. They will also have to
support them by funding their projects giving them advices and solutions that how to overcome
from this position. Syria will also have to find a way so that they can limit the interest of other
countries involvement and how to get rid of the groups e.g Islamic State and Jihadis, so that they
can work without any conflict or any chaos. This is one of the most important thing they will have
to do for redeveloping their country.
 Position Paper

Reference:

https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/nov/13/solve-syrian-crisis-assad-jihadist
http://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/16979186
http://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/27868389
http://www.dailystar.com.lb/Opinion/Commentary/2016/Jul-23/363517-syrias-post-conflict-
reconstruction.ashx