Physics laws 2nd term

Physics laws

1- B = x NI/L ( solenoid )

or B = x n I as n is the number of coil

turns per unit length

2 B = X NI/2r ( in center of loop)

3 B= x I/2 d( at distance from a straight wire)

4 the force acting on straight wire carrying

current and exist in magnetic field

F = BIL sin ( is the angle between the wire and the field
lines)

the force acting on a charge moving in

magnetic field
F = B q v sin

5 Magnetic torque

() = N B A I sin

( is the angle between the field lines and perpendicular to

the coil ) (maximum when the coil is parallel to the field lines
and zero in perpendicular position)

6 faraday's law e.m.f = - N )/ t

= - NA ( B)/t

= 2- 1

- If the coil was perpendicular to the magnetic

field then turned by 900 ( 1/4 cycle)

B= B2 B1 = 0- B = - B

- If the coil was perpendicular to the magnetic

field then turned by 1800 ( 1/2 cycle)
 B= B2 B1 =-B - B = -2 B

7 e.m.f induced in straight wire moving in

magnetic field

e.m.f = - B L V sin ( is the angle between the

direction of motion and the field lines)

= B A cos ( is the angle between the perpendicular to

the coil and the field lines)

8 induced current I = induced e.m.f / Resistance of the coil

9 Mutual induction e.m.f = - MI2/ t = - N / t

=-
NA ( B)/t

M = e.m.f2 x t /I2

10 Self induction e.m.f = - LI1/ t = - N / t

=-
NA ( B)/t

Inductnce L = e.m.f x t /I Henery or V.sec/A.

11 instantaneous e.m.f in dynamo = NBA sin

= t =( 2 f) t

f is frequency = 1/periodic timeT = no. of

cycles/time in sec.

12 -Maximum e.m.f = NBA ( when the coil is

parallel to the field)

And e.m.f = o in perpendicular position

13 - instantaneous e.m.f in dynamo = e.m.fmax. sin

= e.m.fmax. sin t

= e.m.f max.
sin ( 2 f) t
14 Average e.m.f during any period calculated
from faraday's law

- During one cycle average = o

- During 1/4 cycle average = During 1/2 cycle
average = - 4 NBAf

15 Effective value of e.m.f = 1/ 2 e.m.f max.= 0.707 e.m.f max

16 Effective value of AC current

Ieff.(Ir.m.s) = 1/ 2 I max.= 0.707 I max

17 Number of times that the AC current reach maximum in

one second = 2f

Number of times that the AC current reach zero in one

second = 2f + 1

18 In the ideal transformer

Ns/Np = VslVp = Ip/Is

VsIs VsNp
In the real transformer effencency = VpIp x100 % = VpNs

x100 %

The lost power in the transferring wires = I2R

the power at the consumer area = the power at the production

station lost power

The drop in voltage through the transferring wires = IR (R is

resistance of the wires)