00-SAIP-06 Pressure Test Requirements

Best Practice
SABP-P-010 3 January 2009

Motor Partial Discharge Monitors
- Selection and Application
Document Responsibility: Motors and Generators Standards Committee
Saudi Aramco DeskTop Standards

Table of Contents
1 Introduction................................................................. 2
2 Definitions................................................................... 2
3 Overview............................................... 3
3.1 What is a Partial Discharge Monitor (PDM)
3.2 Applying PDMs
3.3 Role of Standards
4 Deciding whether to use a PDM............................. 5
4.1 Benefits
4.2 Economic Evaluation
4.3 Typical Applications
4.4 New systems
4.5 Retrofitting to existing systems
5 Installing the PDM... 8
5.1 Location of the Monitoring Unit/Sensor Termination Box
5.2 Grounding
5.3 Stator RTD
5.4 Location of Additional Sensors
5.5 Communication Hardware
6 Communication.. 10
6.1 Direct Keyboard (local)
6.2 Direct RS-232 (local)
6.3 RS-485 (remote)
6.4 Fiber Optic (remote)
6.5 Wireless (remote)
7 Software & Data Analysis. 12
7.1 PDM unit
7.2 Laptop/Desktop
7.3 Analyzing PD
Appendices
A Insulation Failure Mechanisms. 16
B PD Interpretation. 23
Previous Issue: New Next Planned Update: TBD

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Primary contact: Vouk, Alfred Oswald on 966-3-876028326
CopyrightSaudi Aramco 2009. All rights reserved.

Document Responsibility: Motors and Generators Standards Committee SABP-P-010
Issue Date: 3 January 2009 Motor Partial Discharge Monitors
Next Planned Update: TBD - Selection and Application
1 Introduction
1.1 Purpose
The purpose of this document is to provide guidance on the identification of

Partial Discharge Monitor (PDM) applications for 13.2 kV motors and
considerations to help ensure a successful installation.
This document is not intended as a PDM tutorial however it does contain

information that will provide a basic understanding of how PDMs work.
1.2 Disclaimer
This Best Practice (BP) is not mandatory. It is a supplement to existing

Mandatory Saudi Aramco Engineering Requirement (MSAERs) and provides
information that will maximize the opportunity for a successful PDM application.
Because this is not a mandatory document, in the event of a conflict between

this BP and MSAERs, the MSAER requirements take precedence.
1.3 References
The following is a summary of the documents mentioned in this BP:
Saudi Aramco Material Specification

17-SAMSS-502 Form-Wound Induction Motors 250 HP and
Above
17-SAMSS-520 Form-Wound Brushless Synchronous Motors
Saudi Aramco Engineering Standard

SAES-P-113 Motors and Generators
Saudi Aramco Journal of Technology

Summer 2006 Installation of Remote Continuous PD Monitoring
on Gas Compression Plant Motors
Saudi Aramco Technology Item Final Report

SAER-5999 Remote Motor Monitoring Technology:
CSD Technology Item CSD-07/02-T
2 Definitions
Text identified in bold font throughout this document is defined below.
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AC: Alternating Current
BP: Best Practice
CCR: Central Control Room
HV: High Voltage: 13.2 kV and above.
LV: Low Voltage: Less than 1 kV.
MSAER: Mandatory Saudi Aramco Engineering Requirements. These documents are

corporate mandatory documents. Examples of MSAERs are Saudi Aramco Materials
System Specifications (SAMSSs), Engineering Standards (SAESs) and Standard
Drawings (SASDs).
NQN: An indicator of the average condition of the stator winding insulation.
OSPAS: Oil Supply Planning and Scheduling Department
PD: Partial Discharge. Internal sparking that occurs within voids found in stator
winding insulation.
PDM: Partial Discharge Monitor. An electronic device that monitors the PD occurring
within the windings of a motor and outputs a measurement of the level of measured PD.
Qmax or Qm: An indicator of how severe a specific range of PD is at the most

deteriorated part of the winding.
RTD: Resistance Temperature Detector. Typically, 100 ohm platinum in large motors.
STP: Shielded Twisted Pair cable.
3 Overview
Practically all large motors that are used in Saudi Aramco for process applications
operate on 13.2 kV alternating current (AC). These motors have stators mounted within
their frames that have been wound with insulated, high voltage windings that are subject
to the typical stresses expected in the operating environment.
Modern insulated windings are typically constructed of several different types of

materials that are bonded together with organic resins. Although ideally it is recognized
that windings should not have any air spaces, or voids, within their structure, in practice
it is impossible to completely eliminate these voids.
The internal voids give rise to sparking during normal operation. This sparking is also
called partial discharge, and is an incomplete or partial electrical discharge that occurs
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between insulation or a conductor. It is damaging to the resins used with the insulation
materials but degradation of the winding is usually slow due to the addition of
discharge-resistant material called mica. It is because of this relatively slow aging
process that periodic monitoring of PD activity makes sense.
This BP outlines the selection of motors upon which to apply the technology and the
application of the technology to the chosen motors. Present experience is limited to one
vendor with two types of systems but many of the features are common to all vendors.
More overview on failure mechanisms can be found in Appendix A, and more detail on
PD theory can be found in the Journal of Technology and Technology Item Final Report
references.
Generic PD readings are described in Appendix B, but it is recommended that CSD be

consulted for specific analysis and comparison for final interpretation.
3.1 What is a PDM
An PDM is an electronic device that measures and records the level of PD

activity in a motor winding. It collects data via three capacitor coupler sensors
that are placed within the main 13.8 kV terminal box of the motor. These
sensors are directly connected to the incoming power leads. The sensors reduce
the voltages to safe levels and are connected to the PDM by coaxial cables. The
PDM data can be either locally or remotely accessed.
The PDM, in its simplest form, is a box that is mounted onto the motor main
terminal box. PD signals go in via the sensors and characterized PD data comes
out. Depending upon the manufacturer of the PDM, different components may
be involved. For example, some large types of PDMs are carried into the field
and manually attached to the sensors via a small terminal box. Large PDMs
typically take more accurate data but require a laptop computer to download the
measurements directly while in the field.
3.2 Applying PDMs
Use of PDMs have no impact on the operation of a motor. The PDM simply
takes periodic measurements from the sensors and records them into its memory
for later download. If the high voltage sensors are already installed within the
main terminal box (which is the case for all newly ordered 13.2 kV motors per
its applicable SAMSS) then the motor should not need to be shut down for
installation of the PDM. As a minimum, in order to operate, a PDM requires
120 V power and connection to the high voltage sensors. Connection to a single
motor RTD is also strongly recommended, and if the unit is supplied with an
ambient thermocouple and humidity sensor these should be connected as well.
Successful operation of the PDM requires that its 120 V power supply always
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be turned on. If the power is not turned on the PDM will not collect data even if
the motor is running. Lastly, it is recommended that each PDM be connected to
a central terminal server so that remote communication and data downloading
can be accomplished without visiting the unit in the field.
3.3 Role of Standards
There are three MSAERs that govern the selection and application of motors
that will use PDM systems:
17-SAMSS-502
This is the material specification for induction motors, which includes large,
high voltage types. At the time of this revision there is a requirement for a
PD sensor installation only, but a recommendation for a full PDM system
installation is detailed in SAER-5999, the final report for the remote motor
monitoring technology item. In this report, it is recommended that PDMs
are installed at the factory to ensure proper installation and to gather PD
baseline data before the motor leaves the factory.
17-SAMSS-520
This is the material specification for synchronous motors, which includes

large, high voltage types. At the time of this revision there is a requirement
for a PD sensor installation only, but a recommendation for a full PDM
system installation is detailed in SAER-5999, the final report for the remote
motor monitoring technology item. In this report it is recommended that
PDMs are installed at the factory to ensure proper installation and to gather
PD baseline data before the motor leaves the factory.
SAES-P-113
This is the standard for motors and generators. At the time of this revision
there is a requirement for a PD sensor installation only, but a recommendation
for a full PDM system installation is detailed in SAER-5999, the final report
for the remote motor monitoring technology item. In this report it is
recommended that PDMs are installed at the factory to ensure proper
installation and to gather PD baseline data before the motor leaves the factory.
4 Deciding whether to use a PDM
4.1 Benefits
A PDM will provide maintenance benefits:
As discussed previously, all large, high voltage motors are built with insulated
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windings that contain voids. The internal voids give rise to sparking during
normal operation. This sparking is also called partial discharge, and is an
incomplete or partial electrical discharge that occurs between insulation or a
conductor. It is damaging to the resins used with the insulation materials but
degradation of the winding is usually slow due to the addition of discharge-
resistant material called mica. It is because of this relatively slow aging
process that periodic monitoring of PD activity makes sense.
Monitoring the PD levels in a machine allows the user to, in effect, take a
snapshot of the condition of that winding relative to other similar
machines. If the levels are relatively high the plant can take appropriate
remedial action to reduce the PD. If it is not possible to reduce the PD the
plant can schedule the machine for a rewind or continue to use the machine
with the knowledge that it has a higher risk of failure. In response to the
higher risk of failure, the plant should ensure that a spare is readily available
when the machine fails.
4.2 Economic Evaluation
A PDMs primary benefit is to provide a method of risk assessment to the plant

with respect to the failure of a stator winding. For example, in a fleet of motors
the plant would be able to identify the machine most in need of inspection and
would thus be able to plan to have that machine shut down at the next scheduled
outage. At the same time machines with low levels of PD could have their
inspection periods extended. Thus time and effort would be saved.
For machines with high PD levels, or for machines with rapidly increasing PD
levels, an inspection is a must. If these machines are not inspected it is more
likely that the plant will suffer a stator winding failure. The most significant
impact in this case would be a loss of production, the amount of which would
depend on the availability of spare capacity in the system. For machines that are
operating in a plant with excess spare capacity the cost of loss of production will
be minimal.
A machine that is identified as high risk by its PDM is more likely to fail
catastrophically. If this machine, after inspection, is identified as a candidate for
rewind, significant core damage would have been avoided because it is possible
that a catastrophic stator failure can create so much damage that the core may
need to be replaced. Rewind of a high risk machine before this occurs will
allow the reuse of the existing core and will thus greatly reduce the overall cost
of the refurbishment.
4.3 Typical Applications
Typical monitoring applications within Saudi Aramco would be the following:
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Pump motors
Compressor motors
Boiler forced draft fan motors
Synchronous motors
Induction motors
4.4 New Systems
LV PDMs
At this time only HV PDMs are recommended for application within Saudi
Aramco. It is possible to use PDMs to monitor 6 kV and 4 kV motors but
the applications are limited. The nature of PD monitoring at these voltages
is such that PD changes that indicate an increasing risk of failure occur on a
much shorter timeline and thus need more stringent monitoring.
If there are specific applications where 6 kV and 4 kV motors are critical and
are not spared then the use of an LV PDM should be considered. However,
this is unlikely to occur with any new installation.
HV PDMs
This BP details the application of HV PDMs. At this time only HV PDMs

are recommended for application within Saudi Aramco, and all new HV
motors are presently supplied with PD sensors pre-fitted at the factory. This
has been a requirement in 17-SAMSS-502 and 17-SAMSS-520 since August
2000 and thus any large motors purchased after this date will have these
sensors installed and ready to use.
These sensors are rated at 80 pf and are also called capacitor couplers. They
are terminated in a conduit box outside the main terminal box and thus are
easily accessible. It is recommended that PDMs are installed at the factory to
ensure proper installation and to gather PD baseline data before the motor
leaves the factory. This baseline data should be forwarded to CSD for
archiving, as it will be referenced once PD data is being measured in the field.
Only 80 pf capacitor couplers should be used in order to ensure uniformity.
4.5 Retrofitting to Existing Systems
Retrofitting PDMs to existing systems requires special attention. The need for
an engineered system still exists, but since the motor is already in place and the
plant construction has already been completed it is more challenging to engineer
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the PDM/motor system. Getting permission from OSPAS to shut down a

machine can be difficult and the timing of the shutdown may not be convenient.
However, retrofits are actually easier to economically justify, especially on older

machines, since the risk of stator failure increases with age. Many of the
existing machines already have PD sensors installed, thus negating the need for
any high voltage work.
Retrofitting PDMs into an existing plant while it is operating poses many

challenges. There may be a need to shut down the machine for the installation
even if the HV work has been done. If fixed line communication to the CCR is
chosen trenching may be required. Of course, neither of these would be
disruptive in a new installation.
In the case of machines that do not already have sensors installed there would
definitely need to be a shutdown, typically lasting for two days, during which
the HV sensors would be installed. But since these machines are old there is
typically even greater justification to install PDMs since they are running with a
higher risk of failure.
5 Installing the PDM
5.1 Location of the Monitoring Unit/Sensor Termination Box
The PDM unit must be mounted in a location that will minimize exposure to the
sun. If the unit must be installed in the sun it should have a sun shade installed
over it to protect it from excessive heat buildup. The unit must also be kept
away from sources of heat, such as motor cooler exhaust vents. This is normally
not an issue with newer machines as they typically exhaust upwards and away
from the motor, but it may be an issue on older machines, such as the large BBC
WPII motors that exhaust from the side.
The monitoring unit must also be mounted such that its display can easily be
seen and its front door opened for maintenance and/or local RS-232 data
download.
If the PD sensors have already been installed location possibilities for the PDM
will be constrained because the monitoring unit must be located no further than
approximately 55 cm from the sensor termination box. If the PD sensors have not
already been installed the sensor termination box may be placed as far away as 30
meters from the sensors. However, it is strongly recommended that the sensor
termination box be mounted on the main terminal box of the motor, in a location
that will also allow a suitable location for the monitoring unit as described above.
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5.2 Grounding
Proper grounding is critical for the reliable operation of the unit. In all cases,
coupler coaxial cables must be run in grounded metallic conduit when running
external to metal cubicles, such as the main terminal box, and secured to a
metallic ground plane within enclosures.
5.3 Stator RTD
It is strongly recommended that the PDM be connected to a single stator RTD

such that it can directly monitor stator winding temperature. This RTD would
be a spare RTD. The wiring for this sensor should also be run in grounded
metallic conduit.
5.4 Location of Additional Sensors
The PDM will likely be supplied with an external temperature sensor and an
external humidity sensor. It is possible that a single device containing both may
be supplied. The wiring for these sensors should also be run in grounded
metallic conduit.
In the case of older WPII enclosure machines, where external air is input and
circulated around the stator for cooling and then exhausted, the sensors may be
placed outside the main terminal box. These sensors must be located out of
direct sun and away from the motor cooler exhaust vent.
In the case of newer TEAAC machines, where internal air is circulated within
the enclosure with no contact with outside air, the sensors should be placed
inside the machine. There will be limits as to how far the sensors can be located
away from the monitoring unit, thus these sensors are typically installed inside
the main terminal box, close to the monitoring unit.
5.5 Communication Hardware
There are several ways in which communication may be built into the PDM
system:
1. Direct keyboard access in the field.
2. Direct RS-232 connection in the field to a laptop.
3. RS-485 cabling from the unit to the CCR into a computer.
4. Fiber optic cabling from the unit to the CCR into a computer.
5. Wireless to a base unit located in the CCR, into a computer.
In the final three methods the computer may actually be a server, but whether it
is a computer or a server a link can then be made to the company LAN such that
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communication can be established from any authorized computer connected to

the LAN.
In the final four methods above PDM vendor software will be required
download data and upload changes to the measuring configuration in the
monitoring unit.
Specific installation requirements for each type of communication method will

be outlined in the vendors installation manuals.
6 Communication
There are several ways in which communication can be established with the PDM,
depending on what has been installed:
Direct keyboard access in the field.
Direct RS-232 connection in the field to a laptop.
RS-485 cabling from the unit to the CCR into a computer.
Fiber optic cabling from the unit to the CCR into a computer.
Wireless to a base unit located in the CCR, into a computer.
Local communication may be accomplished by direct keyboard access, but may limit
the range of changes that can be made to the resident software and requires a visit to the
field. Local communication with direct RS-232 to a laptop can typically host any of the
changes that are possible to the system.
Remote communication does not require a visit to the field but may limit the range of
changes that may be made to the resident software. Every PDM unit will be terminated
into a dedicated computer or server, likely located in the CCR. If the PD software is
installed on the dedicated computer or on a desktop that is linked to the server by the
plant LAN, a connection can be made to each PDM in turn. Accumulated PD data can
then be downloaded within a plant building and any changes to the measuring
parameters and alarm settings of the PDM can be uploaded. Analysis can be done on
the dedicated computer or a desktop.
6.1 Direct Keyboard (local)
This method is the most reliable but is also the most time consuming since the
local keyboard and screen size is limited. Thus the number of changes that can
be made to the system is also limited to simple data readout from the small local
screen and changes such as PD measurement alarm limits. This method is used
to set up the unit during commissioning and for debugging.
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6.2 Direct RS-232 (local)
This method is reliable and most comprehensive, but is also time consuming.
A laptop loaded with the PDM vendors software is carried to the field. This
method is not remote as each PDM must be visited. The door of each unit is
opened and an RS-232 cable is plugged into the laptop and the PDM.
Accumulated PD data can then be downloaded and any changes to the
measuring parameters and alarm settings of the PDM can be uploaded.
Analysis can be done on the laptop or the data can be transferred to a desktop.
6.3 RS-485 (remote)
This IEEE standard utilizes STP cabling. In older plants this cabling is likely
already in place and if there is any extra spare capacity it can be used. It is also
possible to initiate a project to install additional STP cabling but this would be
very expensive and disruptive in an existing plant.
One advantage of this system is that central engineering, such as CSD, may
download data directly such that they can help in the analysis. A disadvantage
is that there can be length limitations. The engineer must check to make sure the
PDM equipment has RS-485 capability built in.
6.4 Fiber Optic (remote)
Fiber optic cabling is becoming more popular and is being installed in many
modern plants. Cable lengths can be very long, especially compared with
RS-485. Although fiber optic cables are capable of very high data throughput
there is no need for large amounts of data to be transferred in this application.
One advantage of this system is that central engineering, such as CSD, may
download data directly such that they can help in the analysis. A disadvantage
is that trenching will be required. It is unlikely that fiber optic cabling will be
available in the older plants. The engineer must check to make sure the PDM
equipment has fiber optic capability built in.
6.5 Wireless (remote)
The use of wireless communication promises to greatly simplify the installation

of any PDM as no trenching will be required. Although there are distance
limitations these can be overcome with proper planning and location of
repeating equipment and antennas.
One major advantage of this system is that communication can be established

economically with little or no disruption to plant operations. It is recommended
that a wireless system is chosen that is compatible with the PDM vendors
equipment.
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7 Software & Data Analysis
Every PDM vendor will provide proprietary software that can analyze to some degree
the data downloaded from the PDM. However, there are some PDM vendors that insist
the data be returned to them for detailed analysis and allow only detailed analysis by
their own experts these vendors are not recommended. A self-analysis PDM will
allow Saudi Aramco personnel to analyze the data with minimal training. It is
recommended that only self-analysis type PDM vendors be approved for use within
Saudi Aramco. Any PDM vendors that require the data be sent back to them for
detailed analysis should not be utilized.
Most, if not all PDM vendors also maintain databases of customer data in order to
statistically analyze the PD levels of machines over a large database. It is
recommended that only PDM vendors with customer available statistical database
analysis be approved for use within Saudi Aramco. This statistical analysis is useful
and can be utilized by Saudi Aramco in order to better evaluate the condition of our
machines.
Training for operating and maintenance personnel is an absolute must. In conjunction

with CSD, these personnel must be sent to vendor training sessions such that they
understand the theory behind PD analysis and how to perform PD analysis with their
hardware and software.
Generic PD readings for one vendor are described in Appendix B, but it is

recommended that CSD be consulted for specific analysis and comparison for final
interpretation.
7.1 PDM Unit
Software will be loaded within the PDM itself. This software provides such
internal functions as local display of PD readings and machine parameters,
internal measurement and manipulation of the PD data, data storage,
communication, and alarm and measurement threshold settings. The PDM unit
may have a local keypad wherein these settings can be changed.
7.2 Laptop/Desktop
The PDM vendor will also provide sophisticated software that can communicate
and manipulate the PDM software. This higher order software may be utilized
in a laptop connected to the PDM locally via RS-232, or remotely via RS-485,
fiber optic or wireless.
The main purpose of this software is to analyze the PD data downloaded from
the PDMs in order to evaluate the condition of the motors to which they are
connected to.
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7.3 Analyzing PD
Analyzing PD is highly dependent on which vendors system is being used.

Saudi Aramco has extensive experience with the Iris Power PD system that
manipulates and filters data into two components: Normalized Quantity Number
(NQN) and PD magnitude (Qmax) values:
NQN is an indicator of the average condition of the stator winding insulation.

It is a partial discharge quantity that is proportional to the total partial discharge
activity measured by a PD sensor. Negative NQN refers to the total activity
from negative PD pulses and positive NQN refers to the total activity from
positive PD pulses. Negative NQN arises from voids located close to the copper
within the winding. Positive NQN arises from voids located close to the
groundwall or surface of the insulation system.
Qmax, or Qm, is an indicator of how severe a specific range of PD is at the

most deteriorated part of the winding. This PD corresponds to a pulse repetition
rate of 10 pulses per second and is measured in millivolts. Negative Qmax
refers to the peak activity from negative PD pulses and positive Qmax refers to
the peak activity from positive PD pulses.
These two values are recorded periodically and then trended over time to look
for sudden increases or a significant ramping increase. NQN is more sensitive
to changes in the insulation system but both NQN and QM can be plotted. The
magnitude of QM can be compared to statistical values provided by the vendor
to give an indication of how the machine compares to others in the world. Table
1 below indicates the typical values of a large number of machines the higher
the Qmax, the worse the machine.
Table 1 2005 Distribution of Qm for 13.8 kV Air-Cooled Machines

Using 80 pF Capacitive Couplers
Qmax in millivolts
Distribution
(80 pF cap. couplers)
AVG (of all machines in database) 199
MAX (highest machine in database) 3314
25% of machines in database had a Qm < 39
There are generally two types of plots that are analyzed. The first plot, shown in
Figure 1 below, shows the PD distribution for a sample motor. This curve is
normal except that the highest value of PD, at the bottom right hand corner, is
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high compared to the QM data range in Table 1 above. The red (negative) and
blue (positive) lines are close together which indicates the PD is distributed
evenly throughout the winding. This machines high PD is probably due to aging.
Figure 1 BBC 21,000 HP SN# HM1002170 2-D Plot, Aug. 25, 2006
The second type of plot to be analyzed is the trending plot as shown in Figure 2.
In this example, the motors PD values have jumped significantly, which can be
indicative of a pending failure. This machine should be watched closely.
BBC 21000 HP KM-002C C Phase Trend
350
300
250
200 QM+
PD
150 QM-
100
50
0
2 0 .1 2 0
2 0 6 .0 8
2 0 .0 1 5
2 0 6 .0 3
2 0 .0 2 0
2 0 .0 3 8
2 0 6 .0 8
2 0 .0 5 5
2 0 6 .0 2
2 0 .0 6 0
2 0 6 .0 7
2 0 .0 7 5
2 0 .0 7 3
2 0 6 .0 1
.0 8
14
05 1.3
0 .1
06 1.0
0 .2
06 2.1
06 .2
0 .1
06 4.0
0 .0
06 5.2
0 .0
06 6.2
06 .1
0 .3
06 8.1
9.
2 0 5 .1
0
20
Date
Figure 2 BBC 21,000 HP SN#HM1002177 Qmax, Nov. 30, 2005 to Sept. 14, 2006
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A complete PD report for a plants motors would analyze the trending to make
sure there were no sudden jumps in PD. Those machines with sudden jumps in
PD would need to be closely monitored. If their PD levels did not subside then
they should be prioritized for inspection and maintenance. The report would
also include a ranking of the machines from highest to lowest PD values. The
machines with the highest PD values that are also high in relation to Table 1
above should be prioritized for inspection and maintenance.
Appendices A and B provide more detailed information for use in PD analysis.
Revision Summary
3 January 2009 New Saudi Aramco Best Practice.
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Appendix A Insulation Failure Mechanisms
There are a number of stresses that can contribute to and hasten the failure of an HV stator
winding, and all of these are detectable by measuring PD. They are:
1) Thermal Deterioration
2) Load Cycling
3) Looseness
4) Electrical Slot Discharge
5) Improper Impregnation
6) Endwinding Contamination
7) Inadequate Coil Spacing
8) Semicon Degradation
9) Endwinding Vibration
The following, authored by Iris Power and approved for inclusion in this best practice,
provides a more detailed explanation:
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Appendix B PD Interpretation
The stresses that are described in Appendix A are detectable by measuring PD and exhibit
specific PD characteristics that can be recognized.
The following, authored by Iris Power and approved for inclusion in this best practice,
provides a more detailed explanation:
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Best Practice

SABP-P-010 3 January 2009

Saudi Aramco DeskTop Standards

Previous Issue: New Next Planned Update: TBD

CopyrightSaudi Aramco 2009. All rights reserved.

The purpose of this document is to provide guidance on the identification of

This document is not intended as a PDM tutorial however it does contain

This Best Practice (BP) is not mandatory. It is a supplement to existing

Because this is not a mandatory document, in the event of a conflict between

The following is a summary of the documents mentioned in this BP:

Saudi Aramco Material Specification

Saudi Aramco Engineering Standard

Saudi Aramco Journal of Technology

Saudi Aramco Technology Item Final Report

Text identified in bold font throughout this document is defined below.

AC: Alternating Current

BP: Best Practice

CCR: Central Control Room

HV: High Voltage: 13.2 kV and above.

LV: Low Voltage: Less than 1 kV.

MSAER: Mandatory Saudi Aramco Engineering Requirements. These documents are

NQN: An indicator of the average condition of the stator winding insulation.

OSPAS: Oil Supply Planning and Scheduling Department

Qmax or Qm: An indicator of how severe a specific range of PD is at the most

STP: Shielded Twisted Pair cable.

Modern insulated windings are typically constructed of several different types of

Generic PD readings are described in Appendix B, but it is recommended that CSD be

3.1 What is a PDM

An PDM is an electronic device that measures and records the level of PD

3.2 Applying PDMs

3.3 Role of Standards

This is the material specification for synchronous motors, which includes

4 Deciding whether to use a PDM

A PDM will provide maintenance benefits:

4.2 Economic Evaluation

A PDMs primary benefit is to provide a method of risk assessment to the plant

4.3 Typical Applications

Typical monitoring applications within Saudi Aramco would be the following:

4.4 New Systems

This BP details the application of HV PDMs. At this time only HV PDMs

Only 80 pf capacitor couplers should be used in order to ensure uniformity.

4.5 Retrofitting to Existing Systems

the PDM/motor system. Getting permission from OSPAS to shut down a

However, retrofits are actually easier to economically justify, especially on older

Retrofitting PDMs into an existing plant while it is operating poses many

5 Installing the PDM

5.1 Location of the Monitoring Unit/Sensor Termination Box

5.3 Stator RTD

It is strongly recommended that the PDM be connected to a single stator RTD

5.4 Location of Additional Sensors

5.5 Communication Hardware

communication can be established from any authorized computer connected to

Specific installation requirements for each type of communication method will

6.1 Direct Keyboard (local)

6.2 Direct RS-232 (local)

6.3 RS-485 (remote)

6.4 Fiber Optic (remote)

6.5 Wireless (remote)

The use of wireless communication promises to greatly simplify the installation

One major advantage of this system is that communication can be established

7 Software & Data Analysis

Training for operating and maintenance personnel is an absolute must. In conjunction

Generic PD readings for one vendor are described in Appendix B, but it is

7.1 PDM Unit