UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN KIMIA

PROCESS SIMULATION LABORATORY (CPE613)

NAME (STUDENT ID) : MOHAMAD FIRDAUS BIN MOHAMAD

(2013483086)
EXPERIMENT : LAB 4 (PRODUCTION OF ACETIC ANHYDRIDE)
DATE PERFORMED :
SEMESTER :5
PROGRAM : EH2415
SUBMIT TO : DR. RAHIDA WATI

No. Title Allocated Marks (%) Marks

1 Procedure 10
2 Process Flow Diagram (PFD) 20
3 Workbook/Stream Summary 30
4 Questions & Discussions 40
TOTAL MARKS 100

Remarks:

Checked by:

-------------------------------
(DR. RAHIDA WATI)
Date:
 TABLE OF CONTENT

Objective 2
Procedure 2-3
Process Flow Diagram 4
Workbook/stream summary 5
Question and Answer 6
Discussion 6
Conclusion 7
Reference 7

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 OBJECTIVE

1. To install and converge a plug flow reactor

2. To simulate a process involving reaction

PROCEDURE

1. Firstly ,a new iCON project is started by selecting the New Project Button.

2. Then ,a property package window will appear.

In the window , All Property package from the Chemical System Categories is
selected.

Then, WILSON is selected from the Thermodynamic Model drop-down list.

After that click the Apply button.

3. Compenent window is opened.

Add all the chemicals being used which are Acetone(C2H6O),

Ketene(C2H2O), Methane(CH4) being entered into the compound list.

4. In the Visio PFD flowsheet, all the equipments involved in production of acetic
anhydride were put in correct order.

5. The stream was chosen and labeled FEED then the Plug Flow Reactor(PFR) is added
and connected to the outlet stream Stream_out.

6. In Worksheet of inlet stream, the feed condition of the process is adjusted at

Conditions button which:
Temperature : 760oC
Pressure : 150 kPa
Mass flow : 8000 kg/hr
7. In order to adjust the composition of the feed stream, click the Composition button:

Acetone : 1.00

Ketene : 0.00

Methane: 0.00

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6. All the information given is being key in the streams and reactors.

Hint:

Use Wilson property package.

Qout = 0 W, P = 50 kPa

Assume :

Length: 30 m

Inner diameter: 0.5 m

Kinetics :

Forward: A = 8.2 x 1014 , E = 2.85 x 105 kJ/mol

Reverse: A = 0, E = 0

The length and inner diameter can be changed to achieve specific goal.

8. The simulation is run by clicking the run button and the results are obtained which
will be discussed in the discussion section and to answer the question given.

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4
 PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM

Based on the figure above, it shows the PFD for the production of acetic anhydride. Vapor
phase cracking of acetone is used in order to produce ketene and methane.

C2H6O C2H2O+ CH4

This reaction is first order with respect to acetone. The energy out is Q(out)=0 W

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 STREAM SUMMARY

Name Feed Stream_out

Description
Upstream Op PFR-1.Out
Downstream Op PFR-1.In
VapFrac 1.00 1.00
T [C] 760.0 642.0
P [kPa] 150.00 100.00
MoleFlow/Composition Fraction kmol/h Fraction kmol/h
ACETONE 1.00000 137.74 0.66637 110.17
KETENE 0.00000 0.00 0.16681 27.58
METHANE 0.00000 0.00 0.16681 27.58
Total 1.00 137.74 1.00 165.32
Mass Flow [kg/h] 8000.00 8000.00
Volume Flow [m3/h] 7888.098 12579.257
Std Liq Volume Flow [m3/h] 10.044 11.216
Std Gas Volume Flow [Sm3/d] 7.8317E+4 9.3996E+4
Energy [W] 4.182E+6 3.456E+6
H [kJ/kmol] 109297.0 75254.4
S [kJ/kmol-K] 381.335 302.483
MW 58.08 48.39
Mass Density [kg/m3] 1.0142 0.6360
Cp [kJ/kmol-K] 166.152 129.756
Thermal Conductivity [W/m-K] 0.1223 0.0984
Viscosity [Pa-s] 2.6609E-5 2.4650E-5
Molar Volume [m3/kmol] 57.267 76.090
Z Factor 1.0000 1.0000
Surface Tension
Speed of Sound

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QUESTIONS

What is the volume of PFR to achieve at least 20% conversion of acetone?

-Tto achieve at least 20% conversion of acetone the volume of PFR is 0.044 m 3. The length
and diameter was adjusted until the conversion is 20% which are 13.01m and the diameter is
6.55cm.

DISCUSSION

This experiment was conducted to install and converge a plug flow reactor and to
stimulate a process involving reaction. The process chosen is production of acetic anhydride
from acetone to ketene and methane by vapor-phase cracking.

Based on the process flow diagram, the feed stream that consists of acetone enter the
plug flow reactor (PFR) at 8000 kg/h of mass flow rate with the temperature of 760C and
150 kPa pressure. In the PFR, the reaction that occur is first order reaction and the process are
vapor-phase cracking process. The exited stream contained ketene and methane as the main
product and un-reacted acetone. The length and the diameter of the PFR were manipulated to
obtained the volume of PFR with 20% conversion of acetone.

The objective of this experiment is to determine the volume, length, and diameter of
the PFR for desired conversion of product. In this experiment, the desired conversion of
acetone is 20%. In order to get the 20% conversion, the length and diameter are adjusted.
When the length and diameter were adjust, the flow of the feed and stream out of the product
will change significantly. Thus, the conversion can be determine from the flow of the feed
and product by using equation. In this experiment, to get the 20% conversion, the length is
13.01m and the diameter of the PFR is 6.55cm. The result also show the volume of the PFR
which is 0.044m3. In real situation, to build a PFR reactor, a certain specification shoud be
follow. An ICON software is a theoretically calculation in order to get the 1 st idea of
manufacture of the reactor.
A plug flow reactor (PFR) is a type of chemical reactor where the influent is pumped
into the pipe. Chemical reactions occur through the length of the PFR and the reaction rate is
not a constant. A conversion factor is a ratio (or fraction) which represents the relationship
between two different units. A conversion factor is always equal to 1.

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 CONCLUSION
As conclusion, to achieve the desired conversion in PFR is by adjusting the diameter and
length. In this experiment the diameter and length is adjusted to 6.55cm and 13.01m to
achieve 20% conversion.

REFRENCE

1. Springer Production, 2007, Chemical Reactor Development: from Laboratory

Synthesis to Industrial Production By D. Thoenes.

2. Plug Flow Reactor,

http://www.umich.edu/~elements/5e/asyLearn/bits/pfrfinal/index.htm