Ready, Set, H2O!

Central Question: How does the lack of clean

water impact developing countries and what are
possible solutions?
Ciara Duggan
Medical Pathway
Advisor: Ms. Gosselin
Table of Contents:
Step 2: Selection of Theme/Focus
Step 3: Capstone Proposal
Step 4: Central Question
Step 5: Researching and Creating
Quarter 1 Journal Entries (4)
Step 6: Present Findings/ Proof of Creating
Step 6: Synthesis Paper
Step 7: Selection of Presentation Method
Quarter 2 Journal Entries (4)
Annotated Bibliography
Step 2:
Selection of Topic

What is your career pathway?

Medical

What electives do you plan to take in your career pathway? (Please list all of your related
electives.)
AP Chemistry
AP Biology
AP Psychology
AP Calculus BC
H Physics
H Human Geography
AP Language and Composition

Your capstone should take one of the topics that are common to your pathway electives and
build a real world project out of that topic. Which topic will you select for your capstone?
My capstone will be addressing the lack of clean water sources and proper sanitation
systems in many areas across the world, especially in developing countries. This problem lies at
the root of many issues; it allows pathogens to proliferate throughout a community, prohibits
people (especially women and children) from working or going to school, and can stagnate the
economy and trap people in a perpetual cycle of poverty. Our project will aim to build awareness
of this issue and raise money to develop a clean water and sanitation system in an impoverished
community, as well as research and build a low-cost filtration system.

How will your chosen electives help you create a project about this theme? (Be specific
about each elective.)
AP Biology and AP Chemistry will help me to build a clear understanding of the causes
and effects of water contamination, and AP Chemistry and Physics will aid in the process of
understanding how to build an effective filtration system. My experience in Human Geography
allows me to more fully comprehend how various social, economic, environmental and political
factors work together to impact a community; both this class and AP Language and Composition
enables me to effectively argue and persuade an audience towards my point of view on this issue.
Are you willing to work in a group? Circle Yes or No
Yes

Do you already have a group? Circle Yes or No. If so list the names of the people in your
group along with their pathway
Yes
Meredith Culhane - Biology
Step 3:

Capstone Proposal
Student Name: Ciara Duggan
Project Advisor Ms. Gosselin
Career Pathway: Medical

My project idea focuses on a topic related to my career pathway. It will sustain my interest and I
will be able to complete the required research on this topic. It offers an aspect of new learning
and growth for me as I incorporate the 7 core skills. I understand that my project must have
audio/visual evidence and that I will give a presentation of my work at the capstone fair in
March.

Breaking your project into definable steps will make the process much easier for you. Setting up
a timeline will help you begin and assist you in continuing to make progress throughout the time
allotted for the project. Figuring out how much this project is going to cost may keep you from
running into problems later in the project. If you put some time and effort into planning at the
beginning, you will find the process of completing your project much easier to handle.

1. My Project Title: (Think of a good title. This is how you project will be identified at the
fair)
Ready, Set, H2O!

2. My goal (s) for this project: (Make sure these have a real world application)
My project will aim to build awareness of the issue of lack of clean water and sanitation
systems and raise money to develop one such system in an impoverished community, as well
as research and build a low-cost filtration system to demonstrate at the fair.

3. My strategy to accomplish the project:

We will be researching the causes and effects of contaminated water in a community, then
partnering with the VIP program to raise awareness and funds within the school system. We
will be researching charities and then choosing the most effective one, then donating any
money raised through VIP or an online funding campaign. We will also be researching cost-
effective and efficient filtration methods and then testing out some of these to build our own
small system.
4. My real world application
Our real world application is to raise funds and awareness about this issue and then to donate
any money raised to a charity which develops clean water and sanitation systems in
impoverished communities. We will also be building and demonstrating a small filtration
system.

5. For my capstone presentation, I plan to use the following visuals, technology and/or
materials:
Check any that apply
____ Picture ____ Website ____ Pamphlets
____ Video ____ Prezi ____ Business Cards
____ PowerPoint ____ Charts ____ Handouts
__Filtration demonstration__ Other. Please specify.

4. If you are planning on working in a group, you must list the names of your group
members and their pathways below. The last date to change your group is October 24th.
Reminder that all students are individually responsible for each component of the project.
First Name Last Name Pathway
Meredith Culhane Biology

6. I acknowledge that I will focus my project on the use of the following 7 core skills:
written and oral communication, strategic reading, research, problem-solving,
collaboration and technology. Please check box for acknowledgement.

Student Signature Ciara Duggan Date 9/7/16

Parent Signature Siobhan Duggan Date

9/7/16
Step 4:
Exploratory Research
What Is Your Working Central Question?
Introduction: The first step in developing your capstone topic is to identify a working central
question. Since your capstone project requires that you answer a central question, you should try
to select a question that interests and that you feel passionate about. Your central question will be
the focus of your research. You should start with a general question that requires more than just a
yes/no answer. You will be required to do preliminary research based on your central question.
During this step, you must submit your question along with a list of sources to your advisors
before your capstone project can be officially approved. Your central question does not need to
be super complex but it does need to be researchable, related to your career pathway, and readily
useable for a capstone project which could be visually presented and that demonstrates the depth
of the core 21st century skills you have learned during your years here at Weymouth High.

Central Question Examples:

Example 1: A student in the Math Academy might concentrate on data analysis.
Central question: How can data analysis be used to calculate the effects of pollution
on the weather in New England?

Example 2: A student in the Humanities Academy might concentrate on teaching.

Central Question: How can lessons that involve hands-on learning more effectively
help young children learn?

My central question is:

What implications does the lack of sustainable clean water sources and sanitation systems have
in developing countries and what can be done to address this issue?

Central Question Check List.

The Central Question addresses a theme from your academy.
The Central Question requires more than a yes/no answer.
The Central Question can be expressed as a capstone project which will
demonstrate the depth of learned 21st Century skills by the student or students.
You have read 5 sources about your central question.
You have included with this step an annotated bibliography for at least 5 sources you
have read. Citations should be in MLA style and annotations should provide a
summary, evaluation, and application of the information in the source. (See page 15 for
guidance.)
 The Central Question submission includes a preliminary description of how the
student/students plan to address the capstone project which will answer your central
question.
My capstone project will focus on researching the negative impacts which lack of access
to clean water can have on communities and how improving access can solve these
issues. We plan to inform people about how important this issue is and fundraise money
which will be donated to a charity that focuses on this issue. We also plan to develop
some kind of filtration system (which will probably be simple since we do not have the
resources for anything too complex) which we hope to demonstrate at the fair.

The Central Question submission includes a discussion of who will benefit most
from this project (e.g. fields of study, professionals, community).
The group that will benefit most from my project is whatever community receives the
aid which I donate from my fundraising. Hopefully my fundraising will help to fund the
development of a method of attaining clean water for a community or improving
sanitation systems/sanitation education.

The Central Question submission identifies any preconceived beliefs and what you
will do to ensure your research results is not effected by bias in your analysis,
interpretation of results, and implementation of the capstone outcome.
I do not think I have many preconceived beliefs about this issue that would affect my
results, as most of the information I have obtained thus far as been attained objectively
from a variety of sources. One thing which I want to make sure does not come into play
with my project, however, is a somewhat paternalistic attitude where people from
developed countries come in to provide aid to undeveloped countries without really
developing any sustainable solutions that work for that particular community. One of
the most important factors with solving this issue is making sure that people are
educated in the communities and that there are local people trained to manage the water
and sanitation systems.
 The Central Question includes an explanation of why you feel it is important.

Lack of clean water has a hugely detrimental impact on communities and lies at the root
of many problems. Many diseases (too often fatal) are able to spread to people, especially
children, at astronomical rates when communities lack clean water or proper sanitation.
Women and children are often prohibited from working or going to school because so
much time must be spent on the simple task of attaining water. Economies are stunted in
many areas where people do not have enough clean water for everyday living, never
mind for agricultural use that could potentially bring in income. Access to clean water is
fundamental in preserving peoples dignity and should be a basic human right.
Providing more people with access to clean water would have an immensely positive
impact on their health and livelihoods.
Step 5:
Researching and creating

October:
Pass in your project's annotated bibliography. This will include annotations
from Step 4 and 5 additional annotations due for Step 5 giving you a total of
10 of your 15-20 annotations.
Continue journal entries
o Show progression of the use of 21st century skills
Update your checklist of the skills achieved so far (use your journal to help
you)
Core 21st Description of how you are progressing with the core skill. Refer to the
Century Skill school-wide rubrics to help you with this.
Strategic I read strategically through sources to pick out the most
Reading helpful sources and the key information within them, then
checked to make sure they were unbiased and credible. I took
notes on the important information I found, including direct
quotes. I paid attention to point of view and further researched
any questions that came up or any terms I did not know.

Written I employed written communication skills when writing my

Communication five annotated bibliographies, answering questions for Step 5
and discussing my Capstone with classmates on Eliademy.

Research I used research to locate the information included in my annotated

bibliographies. I cited all research properly in MLA format and
paraphrased and quoted when appropriate. I tried to make sure I
was getting information from a wide variety of credible
sources. Several of my sources came from the school database. I
took notes on the important information I found, including direct
quotes which I cited properly. I varied my research by using
different types of media, including one graphic.
 Problem I had trouble managing my time with this step because I was
Solving so busy with school, applying to colleges, sports, etc. but Is
loved this issue by talking to my advisor about it and using all
the free time I had to do capstone. I identified a problem and
set out steps to a solution, which I then executed.

Technology I did hours of online research about my topic. I used an online

forum to discuss my capstone with peers. I shared my
fundraising campaign and some media to promote it through
an online platform. I learned about technology for filtration
that I hope to employ.

Collaboration I met with my advisor after school one day. I worked on my

project with my partner, Merry, and gave a lot of feedback to
peers on Eliademy, going above the quota for responses in the
forum. I am collaborating with Mr. Galusha and the VIP
Program.

Oral I talked to several people about the impact of my project and

Communication how they could help, even convincing some to donate. I am
going to use oral communication skills to talk about my
project with the VIP program at the next meeting. I had to use
oral communication skills to communicate with my partner
and advisor. This week I will be talking to someone about my
project during an interview, and I plan to hold eye contact,
speak loudly and clearly, not fidget, and clearly address all the
important aspects of my project and how it will be beneficial.

Meeting with advisor:

o Discuss the research and creation process. Must be done in a
scheduled meeting outside of homeroom.
o Establish a plan to address skills not yet proficiently demonstrated.
Quarter 1 Journal Entries

Journal of Progress
Step 4
Ciara Duggan
September 18th, 2016
Did I check in with my advisor this week?
Only with online discussions; I did not meet with my advisor.

Start of Week:
Place a check next to the corresponding date. Choose only one. You must do an entry 2 times a
month, due on homeroom days when steps are due.
Sept 26th, due with Step 4

What do you plan to accomplish by the end of the week?

I plan to complete five annotated bibliographies and Step 4. I will research various charities and
choose which one I will be supporting, then set up an online fundraising page and share that on
social media. I will start to get information about the impact of the water crisis and solutions to
solve it, and in particular I will gather information about methods which I might use to build a
small, efficient, affordable filtration system for the capstone fair. I may contact Mr. Galusha
about starting to get a fundraiser organized with VIP and I will definitely start brainstorming
ideas.

What are your needs, including time, space, materials, and personal contacts?
I may need to get in contact with Mr. Galusha but that is my only need at this point.
What obstacles do you anticipate and how can you overcome these obstacles?
I may be very busy with school, extracurriculars, and college applications, which will limit the
time I can spend on my project, but I plan to budget my time so that I can be effective and I plan
to work with VIP on fundraising so that I have help.

How can your advisor help you this week?

I don't have much that I can foresee needing help on yet. I may need someone to proofread my
central question, and I may need help later when I try to develop a filtration system.

End of Week
Date: 9/25/16
Summarize your progress for the week here: I started to gather research on the effects of the
water crisis and possible solutions and did five annotated bibliographies on my sources. After
researching charities I chose one, charity: water, and started a fundraising page which I shared on
Facebook. I managed to get a few donations in-person so far. I haven't contacted Mr. Galusha yet
about planning the fundraiser with VIP, but I was at a VIP meeting last week and at the next
I plan to bring up some ideas I thought of this week.
Discuss how you employed each of the core skills this week.
Strategic reading-
I read many sources about various charities and evaluated them in order to choose the most
effective charity. I also strategically read through sources to pick out the most helpful sources
and the key information within them, then checked to make sure they were unbiased and
credible.
Written communication-
I employed written communication skills when writing my five annotated bibliographies,
answering questions for Step 4 and discussing my Capstone with classmates on Eliademy. I also
used written communication skills to develop a mission statement for my fundraising page which
I shared on Facebook.
Research-
I used research to choose the most effective charity for my cause, to learn more about the
impacts of the water crisis, and to learn more about solutions to the water crisis and the
construction of filtration units. I tried to make sure I was getting information from a wide variety
of credible sources.
Problem solving-
I did not know the best charity to donate to and did not want to just pick a random one, so I did
research online and weighed evidence from various sources to decide. I helped classmates think
about how to reword they central question if it seemed off and consider problems that could arise
with their capstones and how to address them, and they helped me to do the same. To address the
problem of me not being able to tackle a huge fundraising campaign on my own with my limited
time, I decided to request help from the VIP program.
Technology-
I did hours of online research about my topic. I used an online forum to discuss my capstone
with peers. I shared my fundraising campaign and some media to promote it through an online
platform. I learned about technology for filtration that I hope to employ.
Collaboration-
I worked on my project with my partner, Merry, and gave a lot of feedback to peers on Eliademy,
going above the quota for responses in the forum.
Oral communication-
I talked to several people about the impact of my project and how they could help, even
convincing some to donate. I am going to use oral communication skills to propose my
fundraising ideas to Mr. Galusha and then the VIP program at the next meeting.

Journal of Progress
Step 5
Ciara Duggan
October 5th, 2016
Did I check in with my advisor this week?
Yes
Start of Week:

Place a check next to the corresponding date. Choose only one. You must do an entry 2 times a
month, due on homeroom days when steps are due.

October 5th

What do you plan to accomplish by the end of the week?

I plan to complete three annotated bibliographies by the end of this week. I am going to do some
research on psychological techniques to optimize fundraising as well as some more research
about water filtration systems and the harmful effects of contaminated water.

What are your needs, including time, space, materials, and personal contacts?
I need to meet with my advisor soon after school.

What obstacles do you anticipate and how can you overcome these obstacles?
I may be very busy with school, extracurriculars, and college applications, which will limit the
time I can spend on my project, but I plan to budget my time so that I can be effective and I plan
to work with VIP on fundraising so that I have help.

How can your advisor help you this week?

I need to touch base with my advisor at some point soon. I may need help solidifying my central
question and may need help later when I try to develop a filtration system.Step 5

End of Week

Date: 11/14/16

Summarize your progress for the week here: I have started planning a fundraising with the VIP
Program and Mr. Galusha, though the details still need to be worked out. I found research on
psychological approaches to fundraising earlier in the month, and later gathered research on the
SkyHydrant, the conversion of sewage water to drinking water, how much water the average
American uses per day and the many negative effects of contaminated water, primarily disease.

Discuss how you employed each of the core skills this week.

Strategic reading-

I read strategically through sources to pick out the most helpful sources and the key information
within them, then checked to make sure they were unbiased and credible.

Written communication-

I employed written communication skills when writing my five annotated bibliographies,

answering questions for Step 5 and discussing my Capstone with classmates on Eliademy.

Research-
I used research to locate the information included in my annotated bibliographies; I researched to
learn more about the impacts of the water crisis, and to learn more about solutions to the water
crisis and the construction of filtration units. I tried to make sure I was getting information from
a wide variety of credible sources.

Problem solving-

I had trouble managing my time with this step because I was so busy with school, applying to
colleges, sports, etc. but Is loved this issue by talking to my advisor about it and using all the free
time I had to do capstone.

Technology-

I did hours of online research about my topic. I used an online forum to discuss my capstone
with peers. I shared my fundraising campaign and some media to promote it through an online
platform. I learned about technology for filtration that I hope to employ.

Collaboration-

I worked on my project with my partner, Merry, and gave a lot of feedback to peers on Eliademy,
going above the quota for responses in the forum. I also met with my advisor after school one
day. I am collaborating with Mr. Galusha and the VIP Program.

Oral communication-

I talked to several people about the impact of my project and how they could help, even
convincing some to donate. I am going to use oral communication skills to talk about my project
with the VIP program at the next meeting.
Step 6:
Present Findings

November:
Annotated Bibliography for at least another 5 additional sources used since
Step 5.
Written Synthesis of Findings :
o 2 to 3 pages, list central question.
o Explain the methods of how research was used and where the
information came from.
o Answer central question with citations from research.
o Explain how you will solve the problem.
o Parenthetical citations and works cited page.
Continue journal entries
Begin creation process of presentation product and submit an updated
description of product
We are working together on designing a prototype for our filtration device that may use
physical filtration (through gravel, sand, paper, etc.), UV light, wood, heat, active carbon
compounds or other methods. We are working on implementing our fundraising campaign in
one or more communities.

Describe what you have done or plan to do to share your capstone with a real world
audience beyond the attendees at the fair. Must show proof of real world
application picture or video.
We are planning on doing a fundraising campaign that may involve the high school, the
elementary schools, or my youth group, as well as an online campaign that we will share
through social media platforms and a website. We may also make videos and signs to promote
our campaign.
 Review and revise list of the use of 21st century skills
Core 21st Explicitly discuss how your project shows evidence of proficiency in
Century Skill each of the core skills. Refer to the school-wide rubrics to help you
with this.
Strategic I read strategically through sources to pick out the most helpful sources and
Reading the key information within them, then checked to make sure they were
unbiased and credible. I took notes on the important information I found,
including direct quotes. I paid attention to point of view and further
researched any questions that came up or any terms I did not know.

Written I employed written communication skills when writing my annotated

Communication bibliographies, answering questions for Step 6, discussing my Capstone
with classmates on Eliademy, and, most importantly, writing my synthesis
paper.

Research I used research to locate the information included in my annotated

bibliographies. I cited all research properly in MLA format and paraphrased
and quoted when appropriate. I tried to make sure I was getting information
from a wide variety of credible sources. Several of my sources came from
the school database. I took notes on the important information I found,
including direct quotes which I cited properly. I varied my research by using
different types of media, including one graphic.

Problem Solving I had trouble managing my time with this step because I was so busy with
school, applying to colleges, sports, etc. but Is loved this issue by talking to
my advisor about it and using all the free time I had to do capstone. I
identified a problem and set out steps to a solution, which I then executed.

We are working on solving a problem by developing our design for a cost-

effective filtration device.
Technology I did hours of online research about my topic. I used an online forum to
discuss my capstone with peers. I shared my fundraising campaign and
some media to promote it through an online platform. I learned about
technology for filtration that I plan on incorporating into my design.

Collaboration I worked on my project with my partner, Merry, on developing our design

and gave feedback to peers on Eliademy, going above the quota for
responses in the forum. I am collaborating with Mr. Galusha and the VIP
Program to fundraise.

Oral I talked to several people about the impact of my project and how they
Communication could help, even convincing some to donate. I am going to use oral
communication skills to talk about my project with the VIP program at the
next meeting. I had to use oral communication skills to communicate with
my partner and advisor. I may need to use oral communication with people
at the elementary schools or at youth group. When I present, I hold eye
contact, speak loudly and clearly, do not fidget, and clearly address all the
important aspects of my project and how it will be beneficial.

Meeting with advisor:

o Discuss project creation progress
o Show progress of prior work. Must have evidence of creating from
Step 5.
o Show proof of real world application picture or video.
Step 6:

Synthesis Paper

Ciara Duggan

Miss. Gosselin

Capstone

28 November 2016

Ready, Set, HO!

Central Question: "What implications does the lack of sustainable clean water sources and

sanitation systems have in developing countries and what can be done to address this issue?

What if the entire population of the United States had no access to clean water? What if

twice that number of people had no access to clean water? With the average American using

80-100 gallons of water a day (Perlman), it is unlikely that many Americans could imagine what

it is like to live with an extremely limited source of water. This hypothetical situation is not

merely a theoretical, however: these hypothetical 663 million people constitute the number of

people who are living without clean water throughout the world today. With nearly one in ten

people worldwide lacking access to clean water, the water crisis is no small problem (Why

Water?). It contributes to a wide range of serious issues regarding health, education, and social

and economic inequalities. To solve this issue, the collaboration of governments, corporations,

NGOs, and researchers is necessary to allocate funds properly and develop sustainable,

innovative solutions to improve water access, filtration, and sanitation education.

 Lack of access to clean water lies at the foundation of so many health issues. There is a

Haitian proverb which says that giving people medicine for TB and not giving them food is like

washing your hands and drying them in dirt (Kidder). The same goes for water; any efforts o

spend more money on new medicines are useless if people cannot be provided with such a basic

resource. It is much more effective to tackle waterborne diseases at their roots than to try to fix

them after they have been contracted and spread. With contaminated water being a leading cause

of child mortality worldwide (Why Water?), it is essential to deal with this issue. Lack of

clean water also prohibits prohibit children (especially girls) from going to school, and prohibits

all members of a community, especially women, from independently earning income (Why

Water?) In Africa, women spend 40 billion hours a year walking for water (Why Water?)

and in Sub-Saharan Africa women are responsible for 72% of the water collected (Why

Water?). This promotes patterns of social and economic inequality. By improving access to

clean water, poverty levels can be decreased by giving communities and individuals more time

to grow food, earn an incomego to school start businesses, [and] improve their

homes (Why Water?)

To address this issue, we researched charities that build sustainable clean water and

sanitation systems in communities where they are lacking. We found that charity:water donates

100% of public donations go to the field (Why Water?) and focuses on sustainability in their

projects, two aspects which are very important. They also acknowledge that for solutions to be

effective within a community, they have to be individualized to the area, taking into account the

water sources, terrain, and population (Solutions). Charity:water installs a variety of systems

depending on the unique needs of each community, including hand-dug wells, drilled wells,
rainwater catchments, gravity-fed systems, piped systems, water-purification systems, BioSand

Filters, spring protections and latrines (Solutions).

Our project is an effort to raise awareness about this issue in our community fundraise

money to be donated to charity:water. Alongside these efforts, we are designing a cost-effective

filtration system that could be used to make contaminated water drinkable. This is an extremely

important issue, as improving access to clean water and basic sanitation can save around 16,000

lives every week (Why Water?). Many of these lives that could be saved are those of

children; in fact, 43% of those deaths are children under five years old (Why Water?). It is

essential to raise awareness and contribute to a solution to this issue so that thousands of lives

can be saved.
Step 7:
Selection of Presentation Method
Describe how you will share your capstone with a real world audience beyond the attendees
at the fair.
We are planning on doing a fundraising campaign that may involve the high school, the
elementary schools, or my youth group, as well as an online campaign that we will share
through social media platforms and a website. We may also make videos and signs to promote
our campaign and persuade people to donate to a good cause. If we collaborate with the
elementary schools we may design an interactive presentation to show the kids how water
filtration works.

Describe how you will present your capstone to your advisor and the attendees at the
capstone fair.
We are going to explain to them why the issue we are researching is so important by talking
about the far-reaching effects which the lack of clean water can have. We will then talk about
the solutions we found and discuss the charity we are fundraising for. Then we will
demonstrate the water filtration system we designed, including a video or slideshow on the
computer and explanations of each step the water travels through with extra supplies.

Please sketch out and label what your tri-fold will look like and describe in writing what
your table will look like at the capstone fair night.

(Sketch on separate piece of paper)

On our table we will have our filtration system set up; it may be an interactive unit
so that attendees can pour contaminated water in and watch it go through. We may
also break down the components of our system into individual units (like a cup of
sand, a piece of wood, UV light source, etc.) so that we can pick them up and
explain their purpose to the attendees as the water travels through each piece. We
may also have a stack of the bracelets we sold, a jar for donations, and pamphlets/
materials from the organization we are donating to. I am going to have a physical
portfolio in a binder, but may have a laptop set up with videos and slideshows.
Describe how your presentation plan will allow you to showcase your mastery of each of the
core 21st century skills

Core 21st Century Description of how the presentation of your project will help you showcase
Skill your mastery of this 21st century skill. Refer to the school-wide rubrics to
help you with this.
Strategic (Suggestion: Strategic reading of your research and your annotated bibliography)
Reading I read strategically through sources to pick out the most helpful sources and
the key information within them, then checked to make sure they were
unbiased and credible. I took notes on the important information I found,
including direct quotes. I paid attention to point of view and further
researched any questions that came up or any terms I did not know. This
strategic reading aided me in my research process and as I created my
annotated bibliography.

Written (Suggestion: Written Synthesis, Self-Assessment Reflection and your written

communication at the capstone fair)
Communication
I will employ written communication skills when writing my synthesis
paper, writing my annotated bibliographies, answering questions for each
step, completing journals of progress, discussing my Capstone with
classmates on Eliademy, writing my reflection paper, and in my
presentation at the capstone fair.
Research (Suggestion: Research done to answer the central working question)
I used research answer my central question by location information
included in my annotated bibliographies, my synthesis paper, and my
presentation. I cited all research properly in MLA format and paraphrased
and quoted when appropriate. I tried to make sure I was getting information
from a wide variety of credible sources. Several of my sources came from
the school database. I took notes on the important information I found,
including direct quotes which I cited properly. I varied my research by
using different types of media.

Problem Solving (Suggestion: Following the steps to complete the capstone project and your capstone
portfolio)
I used problem-solving skills in developing my real-world application and
by using a sub-goals model of problem solving by completing my capstone
project and portfolio in steps. I used problem-solving as I managed to
accomplish these goals despite the lack of time I had to complete them due
to other commitments.

Technology (Suggestions: website, slideshow of picture, video, Prezi presentation)

We are using technology by participating in class discussions and
submission of our steps on Eliademy. We created a website to fundraise
that we shared through social media and are going to be designing videos,
graphics, slideshows, posters, etc. to be presented both before and during
the fair.

Collaboration (Suggestions: Work in a group of 2 to 3, collaborate with your advisor etc.)

I am collaborating by working with a partner on my project,
communicating with my advisor, and collaborating with peers on Eliademy
discussion boards. I also plan on collaborating with different organizations
to fundraise.
 Oral (Suggestion: presentation of the project at the capstone fair night)
Communication When I present at the capstone fair, I will use oral communication skills by
holding eye contact, speaking loudly and clearly, and clearly addressing all
the important aspects of my project and how it will be beneficial.

Quarter 2 Journal Entries

Journal of Progress

Step 6

Ciara Duggan

November 14th, 2016

Did I check in with my advisor this week?

No

Start of Week:

What do you plan to accomplish by the end of the week?

I plan to gather more research and created 5-10 citations for my annotated bibliography. I plan to
gather more research on how I can construct a filtration device so that I can combine the most
effective methods I find into one design. I am also going to compile more resources to use as
persuasion in a fundraising campaign. After I gather the rest of my research I will write a
synthesis paper about what I have found.

What are your needs, including time, space, materials, and personal contacts?

I need to start gathering supplies for my filtration device and have to meet with my partner to
develop a prototype for our design. I also have to meet with my advisor soon.

What obstacles do you anticipate and how can you overcome these obstacles?

I may be very busy with school, extracurriculars, and college applications, which will limit the
time I can spend on my project, but I plan to budget my time so that I can be effective and I plan
to work with VIP on fundraising so that I have help. I also need to earn some money to afford
supplies for my filtration device, because as of now I cannot afford the supplies.

How can your advisor help you this week?

I need to touch base with my advisor at some point soon. I may need help solidifying my central
question and may need help later when I try to develop a filtration system.

End of Week

Date: 11/28/16

Summarize your progress for the week here:

I gathered information from three more sources but I still need two to seven more. I started my
synthesis paper but still have to finish it.

Discuss how you employed each of the core skills this week.

Strategic reading-

I read strategically through sources to pick out the most helpful sources and the key information
within them, then checked to make sure they were unbiased and credible.

Written communication-

I employed written communication skills when writing my annotated bibliographies, answering

questions for Step 6, writing my synthesis paper and discussing my Capstone with classmates on
Eliademy.

Research-

I used research to locate the information included in my annotated bibliographies; I researched to

learn more about different methods of water filtration. I tried to make sure I was getting
information from a wide variety of credible sources.

Problem solving-

I had trouble managing my time with this step because I was so busy with school, applying to
colleges, sports, etc. but I plan on using all of my free time in the next few weeks to finish it.

Technology-

I did hours of online research about my topic. I used an online forum to discuss my capstone
with peers. I shared my fundraising campaign and some media to promote it through an online
platform. I learned about technology for filtration and am synthesizing that information to design
a prototype.

Collaboration-

I worked on my project with my partner, Merry, to compare the information we found as a we

design our prototype and gave feedback to my peers on Eliademy.

Oral communication-

I talked to several people about the impact of my project and how they could help, even
convincing some to donate. I am going to use oral communication skills to talk about my project
with the VIP program at a meeting.
Journal of Progress

Step 7

Ciara Duggan

November 29th, 2016

Did I check in with my advisor this week?

Yes

Start of Week:

What do you plan to accomplish by the end of the week?

I plan to finishing gathering research by creating 2-7 more citations for my annotated
bibliography. I plan to gather more research on how I can construct a filtration device so that I
can combine the most effective methods I find into one design. I am also going to compile more
resources to use as persuasion in a fundraising campaign. After I gather the rest of my research I
will finish writing a synthesis paper about what I have found. I will also collaborate with my
partner to compare the research we have found and behind designing our filtrations system. I
need to start planning how I will present my real world application both during and outside of the
capstone fair.

What are your needs, including time, space, materials, and personal contacts?

I need to start gathering supplies for my filtration device and have to meet with my partner to
develop a prototype for our design. I also have to meet with my advisor to discuss my progress
(since I am a bit behind) and discuss my plans for presenting at the fair and developing my real
world application.

What obstacles do you anticipate and how can you overcome these obstacles?

I may be very busy with school, extracurriculars, and college applications, which will limit the
time I can spend on my project, but I plan to budget my time so that I can be effective and I plan
to work with VIP on fundraising so that I have help. I also need to earn some money to afford
supplies for my filtration device, because as of now I cannot afford the supplies. It may also be
difficult to plan out how I will present my project since I have not completely figured out my real
world applications yet.

How can your advisor help you this week?

I need to touch base with my advisor at some point soon. I may need help solidifying my central
question and may need help later when I try to develop a filtration system. I need to discuss my
progress (since I am a bit behind) and discuss my plans for presenting at the fair and developing
my real world application.
End of Week

Date: 12/19/16

Summarize your progress for the week here:

I finished gathering most of my research and writing my synthesis paper, though I still want to
gather more research and add to it. I started making individual designs of a prototype for my
filtration device but I still need to collaborate with my partner on our real world application. I
selected a presentation method for my real world application inside and outside of the fair.

Discuss how you employed each of the core skills this week.

Strategic reading-

I read strategically through sources to pick out the most helpful sources and the key information
within them, then checked to make sure they were unbiased and credible.

Written communication-

I employed written communication skills when writing my annotated bibliographies, writing

journals of progress, and answering questions for Step 7, writing my synthesis paper and
discussing my Capstone with classmates on Eliademy.

Research-

I used research to locate the information included in my annotated bibliographies; I researched to

learn more about different methods of water filtration. I tried to make sure I was getting
information from a wide variety of credible sources.

Problem solving-

I had trouble managing my time with this step because I was so busy with school, applying to
colleges, sports, etc. but I plan on taking more time in January and February to gather more
research and develop my real world application.

Technology-

I did hours of online research about my topic. I used an online forum to discuss my capstone
with peers. I shared my fundraising campaign and some media to promote it through an online
platform. I learned about technology for filtration and am synthesizing that information to design
a prototype.
Collaboration-

I worked on my project with my partner, Merry, to compare the information we found as we

design our prototype and gave feedback to my peers on Eliademy.

Oral communication-

I talked to several people about the impact of my project and how they could help, even
convincing some to donate. I plan on using oral communication skills to contact more leaders or
organizations that I could fundraise through, like my youth group.
Annotated Bibliography

Works Cited

"Activated Carbon Basics." Haycarb PLC Sri Lanka. N.p., 2017. Web. 18 Dec. 2016. <http://

www.haycarb.com/activated-carbon>.

This webpage explains the structure and function of activated carbon. It details some

of the key properties of activated carbon and illustrates how this substance is able to

filter out particles and chemicals at the molecular level through adsorption.

This is a credible source for information about activated carbon, as it is provided by a

company that develops activated carbon solutions. However, this allows room for

some bias as the company can profit off of readers believing that this substance is

effective. Though it does not provide citations for the sources of its information,

reducing its reliability, further research shows that the information it provides is

corroborated by other sources.

This source provides information that I can use to explain the function of the

activated carbon in my filter. Activated carbon is a highly porous and adsorptive

material that can effectively bind to contaminants in the water through two types of

adsorption: physical adsorption, by which adsorbates are held on the surface of pore

walls by weak Van Der Waals forces or London dispersion forces, and chemisorption,
 by which chemical reactions form strong bonds between adsorbates and chemical

complexes in the carbon.

Butler, Rhett, and Lisa Sorgin. "Innovative 'safe water kiosk' ensures quality water for Kenyan

community: Siemens Water Technologies participates in multi-NGO effort with

Australian roots to improve potable water access in remote, underdeveloped areas,

including developing nations." Water and Wastewater International, Dec. 2007, p. 30+.

General OneFile.13 Nov. 2016.

This article details how the SkyHydrant filtration unit functions and how the

installation of a safe water kiosk using the SkyHydrant benefitted a Kenyan village.

An effort with multiple NGOs brought this solution to this remote and

underdeveloped community.

This article gives detailed information on how exactly the SkyHydrant functions and

shows how it was applied in the real world to impact a specific community.

SkyJuices product has been used by the Clean-Up Tsunami Cleanwater Project,

OXFAM, the Red Cross, the World Health Organization, Samaritan's Purse and many

other relief organizations. The article is biased, however, because the writers are

involved with Siemens Water Technologies.

 The Obambo-Kadenge village in Kenya previously relied on runoff water from a dam

that contained turbidity of 400 NTU and human and livestock waste, which lead to

outbreaks of waterborne diseases like cholera, typhoid and dysentery. A multi-NGO

effort brought SkyHydrant filtration units to this community to help solve this issue.

The SkyHydrant unit consists of a Memcor low-pressure membrane sub-module

and removes particulate, bacteria, protozoa, virus and other contaminants greater

than 0.1 micron. Water flows through hollow fibers and is then forced through the

walls of the fiber to produce a filtrate that is almost free of suspended solids, with

chlorine being added at some point. The unit doesnt need power to operate (it is run

by power sources like solar panels or windmills), is compact and light weight, and

can be easily transported, installed, operated and maintained. It produces no harmful

toxic sludges, by-products or direct greenhouse gases. A subcommittee was created

to maintain the unit in tho village to ale sure that the solution is sustainable. The

filters supply approximately 2,200 liters of water per hour, and the turbidity of the

water was decreased from 400 NTU to <0.1 NTU, which exceeds the WHOs

standards.

Cordova, Mauricio. "The FairCap Project." Skillsie. N.p., 20 May 2015. Web. 18 Dec. 2016.

<http://www.skillsie.com/en/proyecto/43/the-faircap-project>.

This page gives the context behind the creation of a filtration cap know as The

FairCap and information about how the cap will function and what impact it will
have. It includes a video giving visuals of The FairCap, giving insight into how it is

created and how it filters water.

This is one of the most reliable pages about The FairCap, as the link to it is provided

on faircap.org and the webpage was created by the original designer of The Faircap.

It also provides links to other sources that prove the legitimacy of the project.

I am going to use the information from this source to explain The FairCap on my

trifold at the capstone fair. I may also have this video playing on my laptop during

the fair. It is very helpful to give the context behind the creation of this cap, which is

serving as a source of inspiration and an outline for mine. The FairCap was created

by Mauricio Cordova, who was born in Peru, where a cholera outbreak occurred in

the 1990s that killed 1 million people, inspiring him to develop a product that could

help. Cordova developed the cap because 1.8 million people are killed annually from

water related diseases and the cost of bottled water can constitute up to 20% of the

income of people in low income countries. While it would be optimal to build

expensive infrastructure to address this issue, this is not possible in most places. The

aim of The FairCap is to design a $1 antibacterial water filter that is small, effective,

durable, and affordable. Right now the cost of the filter is about $3 to $5, but the

hope is that the cost will eventually be reduced through mass production and by

keeping the project open and crowd sourced to involve designers, scientists, and

engineers in developing new methods and materials. Currently, the filter includes a
 polypropylene hollow fiber membrane and activated carbon that filters out particles

larger than 0.2 microns and activated carbon, removing 99.9% of bacteria, protozoa,

and harmful chemicals and metals.

Dangol, Bipin, and Dorothee Spuhler. "Biosand Filter." Sustainable Sanitation and Water

Management. Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management, n.d. Web. 18 Sept. 2016.

<http://www.sswm.info/content/biosand-filter>.

This source provides a summary of the construction and effectiveness of the biosand

filter, is a simple household water treatment device that consists of a concrete or

plastic container filled with specific types of sand and gravel that removes pathogens,

iron, manganese, turbidity, color, and odor from water as it flows through. A shallow

layer of water at the top, which forms the biofilm layer, contributes to the removal

of pathogens.

This source shows its credibility by providing a wide variety of source citations to

reference for all the information it gives. Many of the sources cited are scientific

laboratory studies. It shows a balanced point of view regarding the Biosand filter by

showing both its advantages and disadvantages. It does not however, acknowledge

any better, alternative solution in the face of these disadvantages. Helpful graphics

enhance the readers understanding of the concepts being explained.

 This article is helpful for me when I am analyzing possible solutions for my project

and considering filtration system designs to present at the capstone fair. It gives me a

cross-section diagram of the system for easy understanding and weighs both the

advantages and disadvantages of this type of system. Some of the advantages include

the high removal of pathogens, the removal of turbidity, color, odor and iron,

relatively high flow-rates of over 30 liters per hour can be achieved (over 30 L per

hour), and that it is easy to build, operate, and maintain. Drawbacks include that the

biological layer takes 20 to 30 days to develop to maturity, the low rate of virus

inactivation, the inability to remove dissolved compounds, and the requirement that it

be used on a regular basis.

"Facts and Statistics about Water and Its Effects." The Water Project. The Water Project, 31 Aug.

2016. Web. 18 Sept. 2016. <https://thewaterproject.org/water-scarcity/water_stats>.

This page compiles facts and statistics about the impact of the water crisis from

many sources. It gives statistics about how many people are affected by the water

crisis and how lack of clean water is connected with death and disease, especially

in children, as well as with the economic oppression of girls and women. Lastly, it

gives statistics about the positive impact investing in clean water can have.

This source comes from a well-known, credible charity. It gives numerous

citations forms valid sources (like the World Health Organization) for all of its
 information. The information it presents is very specific and backed up by

statistics.

I will use a lot of the facts and statistics presented in here during my fundraising

campaign to effectively show people the wide-reaching effects of the water crisis

and exactly how much of a difference their donations can help to make. I will also

use this information when presenting the economic and social effects of the water

crisis at the Capstone fair.

"FILTER SYSTEMS." WATERisLIFE. WATERisLIFE, 2016. Web. 18 Sept. 2016. <http://

waterislife.com/clean-water/filter-systems>.

This page dissects both the WATERisLIFE Ceramic Bucket Filter and the

WATERisLIFE Nano Bucket Filter, the latter being a more complex version of the

former. The Ceramic Bucket Filter removes bacteria in water through a three-step

filtration process that includes submicron filtration, sterilization, and the passing

through granular activated carbon. The Nano Bucket Filter uses tiny polysulfone

micro tubes, the same technology used in kidney dialysis, to trap all bacteria larger

than .1 microns in diameter inside the filter, thereby getting rid of pathogens from

drinking water.
 This information about this technology coms from a valid source - WATERisLIFE is

a well known non-profit which produces and distributes these buckets, so they know

exactly how the buckets function. The source provides helpful pictures and cross-

section graphics to aid understanding of the filtration process.

This source will be helpful to me when considering different methods to solve the

water crisis and weighing designs to use in my development of a filtration system for

the fair. This design seems relatively simple and effective and is outlined very clearly,

showing exactly what goes on at each step to purify the water. The source includes

the approximate price to produce each bucket, giving me an estimate of how much it

would cost to build a similar system.

"Flipping the Switch." MCT Graphics Service, 2007. General OneFile. 13 Nov. 2016.

This source is a graphic which explains how a new groundwater replenishment

system converts sewer water to clean drinking water using a series of high-pressure

filters that use microfiltration, reverse osmosis, and UV light. This water can become

part of a communitys water supply after percolating into a deep aquifer.

This source is not extremely in-depth, but it makes it easy to understand and visualize

this process and gives information about what occurs at each step. This graphic comes
 from the Orange County Register and is published on the school database so it should

be reliable.

This graphic could be used in my presentation to show how sewer water can be

converted to drinking water. It makes the steps of this process easy to understand and

visualize: 20 percent of clear, odorless treated wastewater is further treated to make it

drinkable while 80 percent is discharged to the ocean. The treated water then goes

through the low-pressure process of micro-filtration which removes small particles

and bacteria. It then goes through reverse osmosis, a high-pressure process in which

water is pumped across a membrane that traps impurities. It is then exposed to UV

light and hydrogen peroxide to remove impurities.

"HEALTH: Water works." FT Expat, 1 Sept. 2002. General OneFile. 13 Nov. 2016.

This articles emphasizes why contaminated water is such a big issue and the many

diseases which are related to it. According to the WHO, no single type of

intervention has greater overall impact upon the national development and public

health than the provision of safe drinking water and the proper disposal of human

excreta. The article also highlights the impact of lack of clean water, drought, and

desertification. It mentions strategies which the WHO promotes to solve this issue.
This source is credible and reliable because it comes from the UK Department of

Health and is published on the school database. It reinforces its argument with

statistics and direct quotes from the WHO, a reputable organization, though it does

not cite all of its information.

This article contains information which I can use in various areas of my presentation.

It brings to attention the shorter-term problem of drought and the longer-term

problem of desertification, which has directly affected an estimated 250 million

worldwide and puts nearly 1 billion at risk. It talks about a primary goal of the WHO,

which is that "all people, whatever their stage of development and their social and

economic conditions, have the right to have access to an adequate supply of safe

drinking water. That goal brought about a report which stated that over 1 billion

people do not have access to an adequate supply of safe water for household

consumption and that nearly 3bn lack a sanitary means of excreta disposal. Access

to clean water is a huge problem, but proper sanitation may be an even bigger

problem. The neglect of water and sanitation systems is often due to a combination

of poor organisation of suppliers, a lack of spare parts, inappropriate technology and

insufficient funds. From this article I also learned about the WHOs distinction

between the types diseases related to water: there are water-borne; water-washed;

water-based and water-related diseases. Water-borne diseases are caused by the

ingestion of water contaminated by feces or urine containing pathogenic bacteria or

viruses like cholera, typhoid, amoebic and bacillary dysentery, and other diarrhoeal
 diseases. Poor personal hygiene and skin or eye contact with contaminated water can

cause water-washed diseases like scabies, trachoma, and flea, lice and tick-borne

diseases. Water-based diseases are caused by parasites in organisms living in water.

Water-related diseases are caused by insect vectors, which breed in water, include

dengue fever, malaria and yellow fever. Apparently, Improved water and sanitation

can reduce morbidity and mortality rates of some of the most serious of these diseases

by between 20 and 80 per cent. Water contaminated by arsenic, which is a problem

in countries like Argentina, Australia, Bangladesh, Chile, China, Hungary, India,

Mexico, Peru and Thailand is also a large risk because long-term exposure to

arsenic can cause cancer of the skin, lungs, bladder and kidney, as well as skin

changes such as thickening and pigmentation. This article also mentions the problem

of insufficient warnings against contaminants in certain pools, lakes, rivers and seas.

"Infographic: The Water Rich Versus The Water Poor." The Seametrics Blog RSS. N.p., n.d.

Web. 18 Dec. 2017. <http://www.seametrics.com/blog/water-poor-rich-infographic/>.

This infographic from Seametrics displays information about the great discrepancy

between water usage in water rich and water poor areas in a visually appealing

way. It provides statistics about total annual water resources in various countries, the

percents of populations with access to water, different lifestyle practices based on the

availability of water, wasteful water use in developed nations, the dangers of limited

water access, and the economic benefit of investment in water and sanitation.
 The source is reliable; though it does not come from a notable author or publisher, it

provides valid citations of reliable sources for most of its information.

I will likely use this infographic in the center of my trifold at the capstone fair to give

context for my project, illustrating how impactful the water crisis and making people

realize how vastly life differs between water rich societies like that in the United

States and water poor societies in underdeveloped countries.

Makerboat. "Open Source 3D Printed Water Filter." Instructables.com. Instructables, 12 May

2016. Web. 18 Dec. 2016. <https://www.instructables.com/id/Open-Source-3D-Printed-

Water-Filter/>.

This Instructables page provides information about how to construct The FairCap

using a 3D printer and various other materials. It also provides the STL files needed

to program the printer to build the cap.

This may not be the most reliable source in regards to the FairCap because it appears

to come from a third party, not the original FairCap designers, but it proves to be the

most comprehensive explanation of how to the construct the cap. It seems to provide

files that are effective but in need of several improvements and not exactly matching

the real FairCap design.

 I am going to use this website as I construct my filtration cap model. My cap will be

modeled off of the STL files on this site with slight variations. I will also cite this as

a source for some of the information provided on my trifold about my cap.

Perlman, Howard. "How Much Water Does the Average Person Use at Home per Day?" Per

Capita Water Use. Water Questions and Answers; USGS Water Science School. U.S.

Geological Survey, 27 Oct. 2016. Web. 25 Oct. 2016.

This source presents data from the U.S. Geological Survey regarding how much water

the local person in America uses per day and then breaks that down into estimates for

water use in various activities.

This information comes from the U.S. Department of the Interior and the U.S.

Geological Survey, so it should be credible. These pieces are merely estimates, not

exact, which the source does admit. The page does not cite where it obtained this

information, however.

I want to use the information from this source to make people aware of how much

water they use everyday and thereby make them aware of how little water people in

other areas have in comparison. if they realize that they use about 80-100 gallons of

water a day, then they may sympathize more with the fact that girls often have to

walk miles to obtain a few gallons of water everyday. Making people realize that they
 use about 36 gallons of water each time they bathe or that each hand wash uses one

gallon of water and each toilet flush uses three gallons of water could be a useful tool

in persuading them to support our efforts to get other people water.

"The Pocket Guide to Fundraising Psychology." Classy.org. Classy.org, n.d. Web. 13 Nov. 2016.

The Pocket Guide to Fundraising Psychology is an informative guide on how to use

psychological research findings to to optimize the effectiveness of fundraising

campaigns. It focuses on ways to create a giving mindset, the best ways to portray

your mission, how to use statistics and numbers in your campaign and how to make

people take action in the way that does the most good.

This source includes an annotated bibliography and in text citations, including

reliable research studies, making it more credible and reliable. It is presented in a

format which makes it very easy to comprehend.

This guide suggests priming people to think about time versus money - when people

are primed to think about money they are less likely to give money than if they are

primed to think about time, which puts them in a more emotional rather than

analytical mindset. Campaigns should ask potential donors to take the perspective of

the victim in order to evoke an emotional mindset. They should ask the donor to

imagine the victims feelings rather than imagine themselves in the victims situation
 because the latter promotes a more egotistical attitude. Featuring individual,

identifiable victims rather than just large groups or statistics is also an effective

strategy to increase generosity. Using large numbers leads to psychic numbing.

Making this individual somehow appear as a part of a group shared by the donor can

also increase generosity. Advocating using personal connections is also an effective

strategy. Consistency is also an important motivating factor - if people help in a small

way earlier, like signing a petition or listening to an advocate, then they are more

likely to help in larger ways later, like donating. Being given a suggested donation

value or seeing how much others donate can influence how much an individual

chooses to donate. It is important to show your progress, because the closer you get to

your fundraising goal, the more likely people are to give. An interesting fact to note is

that fundraising efforts that require effort, endurance and even pain tend to raise

more money.

"Printable Water Filter." GrabCAD - CAD Library. GrabCAD, 28 Jan. 2017. Web. 13 Feb. 2017.

<https://grabcad.com/library/3d-printable-water-filter-1>.

This page from the GrabCAD library serves as an open source to share digital

manufacturing files like the STL files that can be used go create the FairCap.
 While this may not be the most reliable source about The FairCap design, after further

investigation it proved to have some files that made it easier to manipulate pieces into

a more effective design.

I am going to use this page as a source of the design upon which I am going to base

the design for the cap I am going to be 3D printing. I will be able to manipulate the

STL files on this page in order to manufacture the cap. I will also use a graphic from

this site on my trifold to show what the digital version of this design appears like.

Solutions." charity: water. charity: water, n.d. Web. 18 Sept. 2016. <https://

www.charitywater.org/whywater/>.

This page summarizes all of the solutions used by charity: water (the charity my

project will be supporting) to bring clean water to people across the globe. The

solutions vary depending on water sources, terrain, and population. They use

hand-dug wells, drilled wells, rainwater catchments, gravity-fed systems, piped

systems, water-purification systems, BioSand Filters, spring protections and

latrines. The page provides pictures of each type of solution being used.

This website contributes to the credibility of charity: water because it outlines

exactly how they are helping people. However, it would be more helpful if it
 provided descriptions with each solution rather than just pictures. It requires me to

go to other sources to find information about each type of solution.

This page is helpful because it supplies me with information about how exactly

the charity I am supporting is solving the problem. It gives me a starting point to

go from to research different methods of solving the water crisis in individual

communities. I plan to do more research on several of the following methods and

present these solutions at the fair: hand-dug wells, drilled wells, rainwater

catchments, gravity-fed systems, piped systems, water-purification systems,

BioSand Filters, spring protections and latrines. This source also provides me

with pictures that I could use in my presentation at the fair.

Water Borne Disease Facts & Their Effects Around The World. Water.org. Water.org, n.d.

Web. 18 Dec. 2017. <http://water.org/water-crisis/economics-facts/>.

This page on water.org provides information about the impact of water borne diseases on people

all over the world. It includes a list of statistics about the effects of the lack of clean water

sources and proper sanitation on different areas and demographics, especially highlighting the

impact on children.

This page is a reliable resource because it comes from a very credible charity and all of the facts

include citations of very credible sources like the World Health Organization.
I am going to include facts from this page on my trifold at the capstone fair to highlight the

importance of addressing the water crisis as it pertains to its impact on health. As this site states,

water-related diseases affect more than 1.5 billion people every year and every 90 seconds a

child dies from a water-related disease. Lack of clean water also impacts healthcare facilities,

helping to spread harmful diseases. In fact, in low and middle-income countries, 1/3 of all

healthcare facilities lack a safe water source.

"Why Water? Impact of the Global Water Crisis." charity: water. charity: water, n.d. Web. 18

Sept. 2016. <https://www.charitywater.org/whywater/>.

This webpage provides a clean layout of the wide-reaching impact of the water

crisis and shows why this is such an important issue. It informs the reader of how

many people are globally affected by the water crisis and the many ways in which

it can affect lives: Lack of access to clean water can spread disease and greatly

increase child mortality, prohibit children (especially girls) from going to school,

and prohibits all members of a community, especially women, from growing food,

earning income, etc.

This source appears to be very reliable. Charity:water is ranked very highly on

websites which evaluate charities and how effective they are; 100% of public

donations go to the field. This webpage provides citations from credible sources
for most of the facts it gives. It acknowledges the wide variety of economic and

social impacts of clean water access.

This website will be very helpful to me because it has condensed research from

many credible sources into one place which highlights key facts about the water

crisis. This information will allow me to show people the far-reaching impact of

the water crisis. This site shows the staggering number of people impacted: 663

million people in the world live without clean water. Thats nearly 1 in 10 people

worldwide. Or, twice the population of the United States. The health of many

people suffers as a consequence, as waterborne disease is a huge problem, killing

more people each year than all forms of violence. It demonstrates that many lives

can be saved by improving access to clean water, as access to clean water and

basic sanitation can save around 16,000 lives every week. Many of these lives

that could be saved are those of children, as 43% of those deaths are children

under five years old. It prohibits women and children from working and going to

school; in Africa, women spend 40 billion hours a year walking for water and in

Sub-Saharan Africa women are responsible for 72% of the water collected.

Access to clean water fights poverty by giving communities and individuals

more time to grow food, earn an incomego to school start businesses, [and]

improve their homes.