Mode of Learning:

Each member of the group will select one

letter out of the letters:
L - leader
M - Material Manager
N - Note Taker
O- Overseer
P - Presenter
Q - Quarter Master

When you are done, the leader will3/16/2017

say" We're done".
 What to Know..
InITOPVESI
a piece of paper, write your goup number . Read the
questions then write only the letter of your answer.
The higher the number of correct answer correlates to
the higher possibility of winning. Let's have a trial!
Trial: Which of the following is true about
bivariate data? It consists of
A. one quantitative and one unknown
B. one input and one output from different
population
C. values from 2 different responses from the
same population
10
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
D. One quantitative and one qualitative
unknown mean

ANSWER IS:
C 2

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
 What to Know..

ITOPVESI
Let's have the final. Get Ready.

#1. The best way to construct the scatterplot is ...

A. Plot the points ( independent, dependent)

B. Plot the points ( dependent, independent)
C. Identify first the means of the dependent
and independent variable
D. Calculate first the Pearson correlation
coefficient
10
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1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
ANSWER IS:
A 3

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
 What to Know..

ITOPVESI
#2. From the given shape of the scatterplot below,
which of the following is NOT true?

A. There is a weak relationship.

B. There is a positive relationship.
C. The slope is positive.
D. The correlation is linear.
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2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
ANSWER IS:
A 4

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
 What to Know..
#3. In the study of the Kaolo tribe in Malungon about
ITOPVESI
the parents' education to the childs' intrinsic motivation
to schooling, the scatterplot is shown below. What is
the strength of association between the bivariate data?
A. The relationship is moderately weak.
B. Higher parents education have a higher
relationship to students' intrinsic motivation.
C. Higher parents education have a stronger
relationship to students' intrinsic motivation.
D. The strength association is perfect.
10
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1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
ANSWER IS:
C 5

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
 What to Know..

ITOPVESI
#4. The best-fit line is the line formed by connecting
the points (0, y-intercept) and ( ____, _____).

A. ( x-intercept , 0)
B. (mean of x, 0)
C. ( Mean of x, Mean of y)
D. ( 0, Mean of y)
10
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1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
ANSWER IS:
C 6

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
 What to Know..

ITOPVESI
#5. In your scientific calculator, which keys to press to
enter the data in generating the slope of the regression
line?

10
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1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
A. Clr;Mode;SD;Reg;Lin;Data x,y; m+;then Shift;S-Var B
B. Clr;Mode;Reg;Lin;Datax,y; m+,thenShift;S-Var B
C. Clr;Mode;SD;RegLin;Data x, y; m+;then Shift;S-Var A
D. ClrMode,Reg;Lin, Datax,y; m+;then Shift; S-Var A
ANSWER IS:
A 7

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
 Linear Regression
and
Correlation Analysis
Courtesy of Fordham University, NY, USA
NDDU: Dr. Manubag
USM: Dr Pimentel and Catubig
Department of Education: CG M11/12sp-IV
 Output:
In each group, create a simple cheer in a
yell form describing the following:

Group 1: Scatterplot
Group 2: Correlation
Group 3: Regression
Group 4: Best - fit line
Group 5: Pearson r
Group 6. Strength and relationship

The best group performer will receive a

special gift from KCC mall of Gensan
courtesy of Maam Leslie.
3/16/2017
3/16/2017
LC # 1.
Illustrate the nature of bivariate data.

3/16/2017
 Bivariate Data
Bivariate Data: Consists of the values of two different
response variables that are obtained from the same population
of interest.

Three combinations of variable types:

1. Both variables are qualitative (attribute).
2. One variable is qualitative (attribute) and the other is
quantitative (numerical).
3. Both variables are quantitative (both numerical).
Two Quantitative Variables:
1. Expressed as ordered pairs: (x, y)
2. x: input variable, independent variable.
y: output variable, dependent variable.

Scatter Diagram: A plot of all the ordered pairs of bivariate

data on a coordinate axis system. The input variable x is
plotted on the horizontal axis, and the output variable y is
plotted on the vertical axis.

Note: Use scales so that the range of the y-values is equal to

or slightly less than the range of the x-values. This creates a
window that is approximately square.
 How to construct a
LC # 2.

scatterplot?

3/16/2017
Scatter Plots and Correlation

A scatter plot (or scatter diagram) is used

to show the relationship between two
variables
Correlation analysis is used to measure
strength of the association (linear
relationship) between two variables
Only concerned with strength of the
relationship
No causal effect is implied
 Scatter Plot Examples
Linear relationships Curvilinear relationships

y y

x x

y y

x x
LC#4. Estimates strength of association between variables based on the scatterplot.
 Scatter Plot Examples
(continued)
Strong relationships Weak relationships

y y

x x

y y

x x
Scatter Plot Examples
(continued)
No relationship

x
 Correlation Coefficient
(continued)

The population correlation coefficient

(rho) measures the strength of the
association between the variables
The sample correlation coefficient r is
an estimate of and is used to
measure the strength of the linear
relationship in the sample
observations
 Features of and r
Unit free
Range between -1 and 1
The closer to -1, the stronger the
negative linear relationship
The closer to 1, the stronger the positive
linear relationship
The closer to 0, the weaker the linear
relationship
Note:
1. Perfect positive correlation: all the points lie along a line
with positive slope.
2. Perfect negative correlation: all the points lie along a line
with negative slope.
3. If the points lie along a horizontal or vertical line: no
correlation.
4. If the points exhibit some other nonlinear pattern: no linear
relationship, no correlation.
5. Need some way to measure correlation.
 Coefficient of linear correlation: r, measures the strength of
the linear relationship between two variables.

Pearsons product moment formula:

r
( x x )( y y )
(n 1) sx sy

Note:
1. 1 r 1
2. r = +1: perfect positive correlation
3. r = -1 : perfect negative correlation

LC # 4. Estimates strength of association between the variables.

 Example: In a study involving childrens fear
related to being punished, the age and the
score each child made on the Child Most
Feared Scale (CMFS) are given in the table
below.
Age (x ) 8 9 9 10 11 9 8 9 8 11
CMFS (y ) 31 25 40 27 35 29 25 34 44 19

Age (x ) 7 6 6 8 9 12 15 13 10 10
CMFS (y ) 28 47 42 37 35 16 12 23 26 36

LC # 3. Describe shape, trend, and strength on a scatterplot.

Construct a scatter diagram for this data.
Scatter diagram:
age = input variable, CMFS = output variable

Child Medical Fear Scale

50

40
CMFS

30

20

10

6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Age
 Alternate formula for r:

SS( xy )
r
SS( x )SS( y )

SS( x ) sum of squares for x

x
2

x 2

n
SS( y ) sum of squares for y

y
2

y 2

n
SS( xy ) sum of squares for xy

xy
x y
n
LC # 5. Calculates the Pearson's sample correlation coefficient.
Example: The table below presents the weight (in thousands
of pounds) x and the gasoline mileage (miles per gallon) y for
ten different automobiles. Find the linear correlation
coefficient.
x y x2 y2 xy
2.5 40 6.25 1600 100.0
3.0 43 9.00 1849 129.0
4.0 30 16.00 900 120.0
3.5 35 12.25 1225 122.5
2.7 42 7.29 1764 113.4
4.5 19 20.25 361 85.5
3.8 32 14.44 1024 121.6
2.9 39 8.41 1521 113.1
5.0 15 25.00 225 75.0
2.2 14 4.84 196 30.8
Sum 34.1 309 123.73 10665 1010.9
x y x 2
y 2
xy
To complete the calculation for r:

x
2
(34.1) 2
SS( x ) x
2
123.73 7.449
n 10

y
2
(309) 2
SS( y ) y 2
10665 1116.9
n 10

SS( xy ) xy
x y
1010.9
(34.1)(309)
42.79
n 10

SS( xy ) 42.79
r .47
SS( x )SS( y ) (7.449)(1116.9)

Solve again using Pearson r.

Another Pearson r
Formula
 LC # 6. Solve problems involving correlation analysis.

Is age related to the length of stay of surgical

patients in a hospital?

The following data was collected in a recent

study.

20
Age: 40 36 30 27 24 22

7
Days: 11 9 10 5 12 4
LC# 7. Identifies the independent and dependent variables.
Note:
1. r is usually rounded to the nearest hundredth.
2. r close to 0: little or no linear correlation.
3. As the magnitude of r increases, towards -1 or +1, there is
an increasingly stronger linear correlation between the two
variables.
4. Method of estimating r based on the scatter diagram.
Window should be approximately square.
Useful for checking calculations.
3.3: Linear Regression
Regression analysis finds the equation of
the line that best describes the relationship
between two variables.
One use of this equation: to make
predictions.
Models or prediction equations:
Some examples of various possible relationships.

Linear: y b0 b1 x

Quadratic: y a bx cx 2

Exponential: y a (b x )

Logarithmic: y a logb x

Note: What would a scatter diagram look like to suggest each

relationship?
Method of least squares:

Equation of the best-fitting line: y b0 b1 x

Predicted value: y

Least squares criterion:

Find the constants b0 and b1 such that the sum

( y )
y 2
( y (b0 b1 x )) 2

is as small as possible.
The equation of the line of best fit:
Determined by
b1: slope
b0: y-intercept

Values that satisfy the least squares criterion:

b1
( x x )( y y ) SS( xy )

( x x) 2
SS( x )

y b1 x
b0 y (b1 x)
n

LC#8. Draws the best-fit line on a scatter plot.

Example: A recent article measured the job satisfaction of
subjects with a 14-question survey. The data below
represents the job satisfaction scores, y, and the salaries, x, for
a sample of similar individuals.

x 31 33 22 24 35 29 23 37
y 17 20 13 15 18 17 12 21

1. Draw a scatter diagram for this data.

2. Find the equation of the line of best fit.
Observed and predicted values of y:

y b0 b1 x
( x, y)
y y

( x , y)
y
y

x
x y X2 xy
31 17
33 20
22 13
24 15
35 18
29 17
23 12
37 21
 Preliminary calculations needed to find b1 and
b 0: 2
x y x xy
23 12 529 276
31 17 961 527
33 20 1089 660
22 13 484 286
24 15 576 360
35 18 1225 630
29 17 841 493
37 21 1369 777
234 133 7074 4009
x y x 2
xy
LC#9. Calculates the slope and y-intercepts of the regression line.
 Finding b1 and b0:
x
2
234 2
SS( x ) x
2
7074 229.5
n 8

SS( xy ) xy
x y
4009
(234)(133)
118.75
n 8

SS( xy ) 118.75
b1 .5174
SS( x ) 229.5

y b1 x 133 (.5174)(234)
b0 14902
.
n 8
Equation of the line of best fit:
y 149
. .517 x
LC#10. Interprets the calculated slope and y-intercept of the regression line.
If
Scatter diagram:

22

21

20

19
Job Satisfaction

18

17

16
15

14

13
12

21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37

Salary
 Note:
1. Keep at least three extra decimal places while doing the
calculations to ensure an accurate answer.
2. When rounding off the calculated values of b0 and b1,
always keep at least two significant digits in the final
answer.
3. The slope b1 represents the predicted change in y per unit
increase in x.
4. The y-intercept is the value of y where the line of best fit
intersects the y-axis.
5. The line of best fit will always pass through the point
( x, y)

LC#11. Predicts the value of the dependent variable given in the

value of the independent variable.
Making predictions:
1. One of the main purposes for obtaining a regression
equation is for making predictions.
2. For a given value of x, we can predict a value of y, ( y)
3. The regression equation should be used to make
predictions only about the population from which the
sample was drawn.
4. The regression equation should be used only to cover the
sample domain on the input variable. You can estimate
values outside the domain interval, but use caution and use
values close to the domain interval.
5. Use current data. A sample taken in 1987 should not be
used to make predictions in 1999.
Equation of the line of best fit: x y x2 xy
y 149
. .517 x 23 12 529 276
31 17 961 527
33 20 1089 660
22 13 484 286
24 15 576 360
35 18 1225 630
29 17 841 493
37 21 1369 777
234 133 7074 4009

1. What is the value of the y if x = 25?

2. From the table, is it valid to predict the value of the
dependent (y) when the independent (x) is 120? Why?

LC#12. Solve problems involving regression analysis.

 A regression analysis was done on the data given below. Draw a
scatterplot of the data.

Task:
Compute slope and y-intercept,
Draw the proper regression line on the scatterplot,
Describe your findings

The following data are scores from 15 students on Bible knowledge test scores
(Y) and the number of semester hours of Bible in college (X).

X: 15 18 18 12 9 9 6 12 15 12 12 12 15 12 18
Y :23 27 30 19 18 21 17 21 27 29 25 22 26 25 24
 Valuing
Complete any one of the following stems:

1. One thing i learned today is ...

2. The thing that really surprised me is ...
3. One thing i'll remember 25 years from now is ...
4. One thing i will apply in my life is ...
5. I like Regression because ...
6. I like correlation because ...

3/16/2017