Name of Project Report

Dr. J. J. Magdum Trust,

Dr. J. J. Magdum College of

Engineering,
Jaysingpur. 416101
Department of (Name of Department)
Engineering.

ENVIRONMENTAL
PROJECT REPORT
A Study of biomedical waste
management
Submitted by,
1. UAGARE RUTUJA KARIAPPA
2. KELUSKAR HARSHADA SUDHIR
3. KUMBHAR PRAJAKTA DILIP
4. YADAV PRANJALI RAJENDRA
5. AMRUTE VAIDHI

Date: -/ /2017 Project Guide

Place- JAYSINGPUR Prof. Chougule P.A

Year of Submission

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2016-17

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Dr. J. J. Magdum Trust,

Dr. J. J. Magdum College of

Engineering,
Jaysingpur. 416101
Department of (Name of Department) Engineering.

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project reporttitled A study of
BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANGEMENT
submitted by,
1. UAGARE RUTUJA
2. KELUSKAR HARSHADA
3. YADAV PRANJALI
4. KUMBHAR PRAJAKTA
5. AMRUTE VAIDEHI
In Practical fulfillment of the subject Environmental studiesUGC
(university grand commission) compulsory course has been completed
under the guidance of Prof.Chougule P.A. The conclusion drawn are
based on the data collected by them during their stipulated period of
field work to the best of our knowledge and belief the matter included in
it is their original work

Project In charge Head of Department Principal

Date:
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Place: College seal
Dr. J. J. Magdum Trust,

Dr. J. J. Magdum College of

Engineering,
Jaysingpur. 416101
DECLARATION
We the undersigned Students of S.E. (Name of Department) declare that the field
work report entitledA study of biomedical waste management
written and submitted under the guidance of Prof. Chougule P.A.is our original
work. The empirical finding is this report is based on the data collected by us. The
matter assimilated in this report is not reproduction from any readymade report.

Date :- / /2017

Place-Jaysingpur.

Sr No. Name of students SR No Sign.

1 UAGARE RUTUJA 28
2 KELUSKAR HARSHADA 25
3 YADAV PRANJALI 23
4 KUMBHAR PRAJAKTA 26
5 AMRUTE VAIDEHI 01

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DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
INDEX

Sr.No. Contents Page No.

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Introduction of Environment
Project
Biomedical waste management has
recently emerged as an issue of major concern not
only to hospitals, nursing home authorities but also
to the environment. the bio-medical wastes
generated from health care units depend upon a
number of factors such as waste management
methods, type of health care units, occupancy of
healthcare units, specialization of healthcare units,
ratio of reusable items in use, availability of
infrastructure and resources etc.1
The proper management of biomedical
waste has become a worldwide humanitarian topic
today. Although hazards of poor management of
biomedical waste have aroused the concern world
over, especially in the light of its far-reaching effects
on human, health and the environment.2
Now it is a well established fact that there
are many adverse and harmful effects to the
environment including human beings which are
caused by the Hospital waste generated during the patient care.
Hospital waste is a potential health
hazard to the health care workers, public and flora
and fauna of the area. The problems of the waste
disposal in the hospitals and other health-care
institutions have become issues of increasing

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SOURCES OF BIO MEDICAL WASTE
Hospitals produce waste, which is increasing over the years in its
amount and type. The hospital waste, in addition to the risk for
patients and personnel who handle them also poses a threat to
public health and environment.

Major Sources
Govt. hospitals/private hospitals/nursing

homes/ dispensaries.

Primary health centers.

Medical colleges and research centers/

paramedic services.

Veterinary colleges and animal research

centers.

Blood banks/mortuaries/autopsy centers.

Biotechnology institutions.

Production units.

Minor Sources
Physicians/ dentists clinics

Animal houses/slaughter houses.

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Introduction of Project Report

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Objective of Subject

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Proposed Methodology

Secondary data refers to data that was collected by someone other than the user.
[1]
Common sources of secondary data for social science include censuses, information
collected by government departments, organisational records and data that was
originally collected for other research purposes.[2] Primary data, by contrast, are
collected by the investigator conducting the research.

Secondary data analysis can save time that would otherwise be spent collecting data
and, particularly in the case ofquantitative data, can provide larger and higher-
quality databases that would be unfeasible for any individual researcher to collect on
their own. In addition, analysts of social and economic change consider secondary data
essential, since it is impossible to conduct a new survey that can adequately capture
past change and/or developments. However, secondary data analysis can be less
useful in marketing research, as data may be outdated or inaccurate. [1]

Actual Methodology
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- Special Waste Plans - Section 22 registers (existing) -

Section 55 notices - Section 18 notices - Complaints
databases - LA Permit register - An Foras Forbatha
Reports2 - EPA Waste Reports (including the National
Waste Database report) - EPA IPPC licensed facilities
(includes on-site landfills) - EPA licensed waste disposal
and recovery sites - Environmental Protection
Agency/Department of Communications, Marine and
Natural Resource (Geological Survey of Ireland and
Exploration and Mining Division) 3 - EPA Small Scale
Study EPA register of former mine sites

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Biomedical Waste Management Process
There is a big network of Health Care
Institutions in India. The hospital waste like body
parts, organs, tissues, blood and body fluids along
with soiled linen, cotton, bandage and plaster casts
from infected and contaminated areas are very
essential to be properly collected, segregated,
stored, transported, treated and disposed of in safe
manner to prevent nosocomial or hospital acquired
infection.
1. Waste collection
2. Segregation
3. Transportation and storage
4. Treatment & Disposal
5. Transport to final disposal site
6. Final disposal

Need of biomedical waste management

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hospitals
The reasons due to which there is great need of management of
hospitals waste such as:

1. Injuries from sharps leading to infection to

all categories of hospital personnel and
waste handler.

2. nosocomial infections in patients from poor

infection control practices and poor waste
management.
3. Risk of infection outside hospital for waste
handlers and scavengers and at time
general public living in the vicinity of
hospitals.

4. Risk associated with hazardous chemicals,

drugs to persons handling wastes at all
levels.

5. Disposable being repacked and sold by

unscrupulous elements without even being
washed.

6. Drugs which have been disposed of, being

repacked and sold off to unsuspecting
buyers.
7. Risk of air, water and soil pollution directly
due to waste, or due to defective incineration
emissions and ash

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FLOW CHART

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Problems relating to biomedical waste

A major issue related to current Bio-

Medical waste management in many hospitals is
that the implementation of Bio-Waste regulation is
unsatisfactory as some hospitals are disposing of
waste in a haphazard, improper and indiscriminate
manner. Lack of segregation practices, results in
mixing of hospital wastes with general waste making
the whole waste stream hazardous. Inappropriate
segregation ultimately results in an incorrect
method of waste disposal.
Inadequate Bio-Medical waste
management thus will cause environmental
pollution, unpleasant smell, growth and
multiplication of vectors like insects, rodents and
worms and may lead to the transmission of diseases
like typhoid, cholera, hepatitis and AIDS through
injuries from syringes and needles contaminated
with human.6
Various communicable diseases, which
spread through water, sweat, blood, body fluids and
contaminated organs, are important to be prevented.
The Bio Medical Waste scattered in and around
the hospitals invites flies, insects, rodents, cats and
dogs that are responsible for the spread of
communication disease like plague and rabies. Rag
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pickers in the hospital, sorting out the garbage are
at a risk of getting tetanus and HIV infections. The
recycling of disposable syringes, needles, IV sets
and other article like glass bottles without proper
sterilization are responsible for Hepatitis, HIV, and
other viral diseases. It becomes primary
responsibility of Health administrators to manage
hospital waste in most safe and eco-friendly
manner6.
The problem of bio-medical waste
disposal in the hospitals and other healthcare
establishments has become an issue of increasing
concern, prompting hospital administration to seek
new ways of scientific, safe and cost effective

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Observations

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Summary and Conclusion

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Bibliography

Project Format (No print)

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1) Title(Cover Page) (1 page)

2) Certificate(1 page)
3) Declaration (1 page)
4) Index(1 page)

Sr.No. Contents Page.N

o.
01 ------- 01 to --

5) Introduction of Environment, Its importance, various

types of Environmental Pollution.(3 page)
6) Introduction of Project Report (Vishay
Nivad/Prastavana)(1 page)
7) Objective of Subject (Uddishte)(1 page)
8) Proposed Methodology (karyapadhati)(1 to 2 pages)
9) Actual Methodology ( Pratyakshakaryapadhati)
(10-15 pages)
10) Observations (Nirikshane) (1 -2 pages)
11) Summary and Conclusion (Nishakarsh) (2+1
Pages)
12) Bibliography : Review of related Literature
(samdhitsahityachasandrbha)

Generally use A4 size bond paper for print

Use 12 size font in Times New Roman .
Keep Headline 12 font with Bold
Show your soft copy before print
Check the spelling before print

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13) Proposed Methodology (karyapadhati)(1 to 2 pages)

14) Actual Methodology ( Pratyakshakaryapadhati)
(10-15 pages)
15) Observations (Nirikshane) (1 -2 pages)
16) Summary and Conclusion (Nishakarsh) (2+1
Pages)
17) Bibliography : Review of related Literature
(samdhitsahityachasandrbha)

Generally use A4 size bond paper for print

Use 12 size font in Times New Roman .
Keep Headline 12 font with Bold
Show your soft copy before print
Check the spelling before print

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Sub:-Environmental Studies(For all

S.E.)
Rules & Regulations of Environmental
Project.
1. This Environmental Field Project carries 30 marks, which is compulsory to
all S.E. Students as an individual assignment.

2. Make group of five students .There should not be more than five students
for one Environmental Field Project. & each group has to select different
subject for per project.

3. Visitto concerned site /villages is compulsory.(depend on Subject)

4. Students can spread more time on project in weekend, holidays or spare

time as per need of project report.

5. Without College permission letter, you do not visit to any project site.

6. While visiting any site, you should obey the Rules & Regulations of their
management.

7. The Environmental projects are expected to collect or generate useful data

by personal observation, monitoring of some parameters, individual or group
wise survey, administer interview schedule or questionnaires.

8. Minimum 30-40 pages (one side) Environmental Field Project is required.

Duplication of Project Report should be avoided.

9. Project report should contain minimum 5 photos (color) & Data, Tables,
Diagrams, Graphs etc.

10. Refer minimum 2-3 Reference and Textbooks. (name of Author

& page no is required)

10. Any queries contact concern teacher.(9881251285)

Submission dates:-

1. Formation of students groups & Finalization of project report ,taking

important points regarding to Project Reports -

2. Visit to any site/Industries for Project Report-

3. Submission of Environmental Project Report (With handwriting on equal

size lining rough papers with simple file)-
4. Submission of Final Environmental Project Report (On A4Size Bond
Paper)-

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Soil pollution is defined as the presence of toxic chemicals (pollutants or

contaminants) in soil, in high enough concentrations to pose a risk to
human health and/or the ecosystem. In the case of contaminants which
occur naturally in soil, even when their levels are not high enough to pose a
risk, soil pollution is still said to occur if the levels of the contaminants in soil
exceed the levels that should naturally be present.

Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies

(e.g. lakes,rivers, oceans, aquifers and groundwater). This form
of environmental degradation occurs when pollutants are directly or
indirectly discharged into water bodies without adequate treatment to
remove harmful compounds.

Water pollution affects the entire biosphere plants and organisms living in
these bodies of water. In almost all cases the effect is damaging not only to
individual species and population, but also to the naturalbiological
communities.

Air pollution occurs when harmful substances

including particulates andbiological molecules are introduced into Earth's
atmosphere. It may cause diseases, allergies or death in humans; it may
also cause harm to other living organisms such as animals and food crops,
and may damage the natural orbuilt environment. Human activity and
natural processes can both generate air pollution.

Indoor air pollution and poor urban air quality are listed as two of the
world's worst toxic pollution problems in the 2008 Blacksmith
Institute World's Worst Polluted Places report.[2] According to the
2014 WHO report, air pollution in 2012 caused the deaths of around 7

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million people worldwide,[3] an estimate roughly matched by
the International Energy Agency.

Noise pollution or noise disturbance is the disturbing or

excessive noisethat may harm the activity or balance of human or animal
life. The source of most outdoor noise worldwide is mainly caused
by machines andtransportation systems, motor vehicles, aircraft,
and trains.[1][2] Outdoor noise is summarized by the word environmental
noise. Poor urban planning may give rise to noise pollution, since side-by-
side industrial and residential buildings can result in noise pollution in the
residential areas. Documented problems associated with urban noise go
back as far as Ancient Rome.[3]

Outdoor noise can be caused by machines, construction activities, and

music performances, especially in some workplaces. Noise-induced
hearing loss can be caused by outside (e.g. trains) or inside (e.g. music)
noise.

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DEFINATION OF BIO MEDICAL WASTE

According to Biomedical Waste(Management and

Handling) Rules, 1998 of India Any waste which is
generated during the diagnosis, treatment or
immunization of human beings or animals or in research
activities pertaining thereto or in the production or
testing of biologicals.

The Government of India (notification, 1998)

specifies that Hospital Waste Management is a part of
hospital hygiene and maintenance activities. This
involves management of range of activities, which are
mainly engineering functions, such as collection,
transportation, operation or
treatment of processing systems, and disposal of wastes.

According to Biomedical Waste(Management and

Handling) Rules, 1998 of India Any waste which is
generated during the diagnosis, treatment or
immunization of human beings or animals or in research
activities pertaining thereto or in the production or
testing of biologicals.

The Government of India (notification, 1998) specifies

that Hospital Waste Management is a part of hospital
hygiene and maintenance activities. This involves
management of range of activities, which are mainly
engineering functions, such as collection, transportation,
operation or
treatment of processing systems, and disposal of wastes.

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