Study on the Construction Process of a Ten Storied Residential

Building at Holy Homes Sagor Saikat

Practicum Report
by
Tamanna Amin Rini
ID# 12306032
Program: BSCE

International University of Business Agriculture and Technology (IUBAT University)

Dhaka
31 March 2017

Study on the Construction Process of a Ten Storied Residential

Building at Holy Homes Sagor Saikat

Practicum Report
 by
Tamanna Amin Rini
ID# 12306022
Program: BSCE

Supervisor
Prof. Dr. Tarekh Rasul

Examination Committee

Position Name Signature

Chair, Dept. of Civil Engg. Prof. Dr. Md. Monirul Islam
Mentor Prof. Dr. Tarekh Rasul
Department of Civil Engineering

College of Engineering & Technology (CEAT)

International University of Business Agriculture and Technology (IUBAT University)

This practicum report is done for the partial fulfilment of requirements for the Bachalor of Science degree at the
International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Dhaka
31 March 2017

1
Letter of Transmittal
31 March 2017
Prof. Dr. Md. Monirul Islam
Chair and Course Coordinate, Department of Civil Engineering
International University of Business Agriculture and Technology (IUBAT University)
4 Embankment Drive Road, Sector 10,Uttara Model Town,
Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh

Subject: Submission of Practicum Report

Dear Sir,

This is a great opportunity & immense for me to submit my internship report on Study on the
Construction Process of a Ten Storied Residential Building at Holy Homes Sagor Saikat. I have got the
opportunity to work in Holy Homes Sagor Saikot for my internship program, which is an essential part of
my academic program.

I have tried my level best to prepare this report to the required standard. It was certainly a great
opportunity for me to work on this report to actualize my theoretical knowledge in the practical arena.

I express my heart full gratitude to you to go through this report and make your valuable comments. It
would be very kind of you, if you please evaluate my performance regarding this report.

Thanking you,

Sincerely Yours,

..
Tamanna Amin Rini

2
Recommendation Letter

3
Student Declaration
I am declaring that this internship report on Study on the Construction Process of a Ten Storied
Residential Building at Holy Homes Sagor Saikat has only been prepared for the partial fulfilment
of the degree Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering (BSCE).

It has not been prepared for any other purpose, reward, or presentation and has not been submitted by
me for any Degree, Diploma, Title or Recognition before.

..
Tamnanna Amin Rini
Program: BSCE
ID # 12306032

4
Executive Summery
My practicum report titled Study on the construction Process of a seven storied residential
Building at Holy Homes sagor saikat is made based on the three month practical works in a
construction project with Holy Homes. I have observed project name is Holy Homes sagor saikat.
located at college road Gazipur, Dhaka. As a civil engineering student, I had only the theoretical
knowledge, when I started as a practicum student from then I have gathered some practical knowledge
about the civil construction work. The main focus was on the superstructure part of the project and I
have gathered some practical knowledge about the column, stair, and beam and slab construction
procedure when I was monitoring this work. Brick wall measurement is described. I can read any
structural drawings and now I am able to monitor the super structural constructional work according to
the drawings. This is a significant job to ensure the construction work according to the design and to
maintain the preferred quality in this report on construction process. The First chapter is introduction
arranged with the background and objectives of the study and others. Second chapter describes about
Company Profile, and all running all projects Holy Homes sagor saikat. The Third chapter is about
construction work of all design and specification. In fourth chapter describes about construction work
of Brick wall measurement. In Chapter five is discussed about the staircase. Chapter six about column
and chapter eight is Slab and Beam. And facing some problems and given solution. Lastly discuss
contains the conclusion and recommendation. Overall, in this way here monitoring of a construction
building has been explained that I performed during my internship. I visited another three project by
EXIN Group so; maximum construction work sees this internship and its lots of opportunity for me.
Here, I tried to learn all the practical work in a construction site. It was a great opportunity to work and
learn in Holy Homes sagor saikat.

5
Acknowledgements

At first I remember all praise and thanks to Almighty who helped me to complete the research work
and the practicum report, leading to Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering. In the process of
completion of my practicum and preparing this practicum report, I would like to pay my gratitude to
some persons for their immense help and enormous cooperation.

At First I would like to show my gratitude to the university authority to permit me to do my practicum.
In this respect, I would like to mention the name of Dr. M A Hannan, the Honourable Registrar of
IUBAT University.

I would like to pay my gratitude to the honourable Vice-Chancellor and Founder of International
University of Business Agriculture and Technology (IUBAT University), Professor Dr. M Alimullah
Miyanfor his enormous contribution to establish a non-government university in this country
otherwise many of us like me could not get the opportunity to become an engineer.

I wish to express my sincere and deepest sense of gratitude to my reverend teacher Professor Dr. Md.
Monirul Islam, Chair, Department of Civil Engineering, International University of Business
Agriculture and Technology (IUBAT University), and my mentor Prof. Dr. Tarekh Rasul,
Professor, Department of Civil Engineering for his keen interest, continuous support, painstaking
guidance and constant inspiration throughout the last four months of my graduation period.

Last but not the least persons whom I should extend my warmest appreciation and thanks are
Supervisor Engr. Md. Mohidul Islam Mison, Project engineer of for his valuable suggestions and
heartiest cooperation during the last four months of my practicum and for his continuous direction in
preparing the practicum report. It was really impossible for me to submit the practicum report without
the cooperation and help of any of the above mentioned.

6
Table of Contents
1. CHAPTER 1 Introduction
12
1.1. General
1.2. Objectives of the study
1.3. Responsibilities:

2. CHAPTER 2 company overview

14
2.1. Introduction
CORPORATE OFFICE:
MARKETING OFFICE:
2.2. Our Mission for our Valued Clients and Commitment to residents:
2.3. Our Vision:
2.4. Our Business Strategy Includes:
2.5. Stable Markets:
2.6. Commitment to Customer Service:
2.7. Proven Customer Loyalty:
2.8. Commitment to Service:
2.9. Here are a Few Key Facts:
2.10. Our Pledge to You:
2.11. Our Promise:
2.12. Company Organogram
2.13. Ongoing Project
2.14. Complete Project:

3. CHAPTER 3 Materials and methods

22
3.1. Engineering Materials
3.2. Equipments
3.3. Procedure
3.4. Materials Testing
3.5. Architectural and Structural Drawing of the Project
4. CHAPTER 4 CONSTRUCTION Work
36
4.1. Construction of Slab
4.1.1. General
4.1.2. Short Notes on Slab
4.1.3. Materials used for Shuttering:
4.1.4. Materials for Casting:
4.1.5. Slab Reinforcement Arrangement
4.1.6. Using Reinforcement
4.1.7. 8mm, 10mm, 12mmMy Role during Slab Reinforcement Placement
4.1.8. Reinforcement Checking
4.1.9. Crank rod placement:-
4.1.10. Casting of Beam and Slab
4.1.11. My Role during slab and Beam Casting
4.1.12. Checking
4.1.13. My duties after Casting:
4.1.14. Curing of Beam and Slab
4.2. Construction of Beam
4.2.1. Notes of Beam
4.2.2. Beam Main Bar:
4.2.3. Stirrup Size:
4.2.4. Spacing:
4.2.5. Clear Cover:
4.2.6. Lap Length & Location:
4.2.7. Shattering of Beam
4.2.8. My Role during Beam and Slab Shuttering
4.2.9. Checking
4.2.10. Beam Reinforcement Placing
4.2.11. Reinforcement Used for Beam
4.3. CONSTRUCTION OF COLUMN
4.3.1. General
4.3.2. Short Notes on Column
4.3.3. Materials:
 4.3.4. Working Procedure of Column Kicker
4.3.5. Column Reinforcement Arrangement
4.3.6. Working Procedure
4.3.7. Reinforcement Used for Column
4.3.8. My Role during Reinforcement Placing and Steel Shutter
4.3.9. Checking
4.3.10. Column Shuttering
4.3.11. Formwork:
4.3.12. Instrument used in Column Shuttering
4.3.13. Casting of Column
4.3.14. My Duties during Casting:
4.3.15. Curing of Column
4.4. CONSTRUCTION OF STAIRCASE
4.4.1. General
4.4.2. Stair Shuttering
4.4.3. Working procedure:
Vertical props were setup properly
Leveling of landing was done base on height water leveling
Wooden plank shutter were setup with landing based on width of waist
slab
4.4.4. Materials used for Shuttering:
4.4.5. Stair Reinforcement Arrangement / Placing
4.4.6. Working Procedure
4.4.7. Reinforcement Used of stair
4.4.8. My Role during Stair Framework
4.4.9. Checking
4.4.10. Casting of stair

5. CHAPTER 5 PROBLEMS AND SOLUTION

70
5.1. Problem 01
5.2. Problem
Solution
5.3. Problem
 Solution
5.4. Problem
Solution
5.5. Problem
Solution
5.6. Problem
Solution
5.7. Problem
Solution
5.8. Problem
Solution

6. CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

78
6.1. Conclusions
6.2. Recommendations
List of Figures
Figure 3.1 Brick wall Measurement Plan...............................................................................

Figure 3.3 Staircase Section Plan...........................................................................................

Figure 3.4 Column Layout.....................................................................................................

Figure 3.4 Column Schedule..................................................................................................

Figure 3.5 Beam and slab Layout(Top Bar)...........................................................................

Figure 3.6 Beam and slab layout( Bottom bar)......................................................................

Figure 3.7 Beam section.........................................................................................................

Figure 3.8 Beam section.........................................................................................................

Figure 5.2 Prepare Wooden Plank Shutter.............................................................................

Figure 4.2 Prepare For Plain Sheet.......................................................................................

Figure 4.3 Plain Sheet joining...................................................................................

Figure 7.12 Checking Crank bar.......................................................................................

Figure 7.10 Checking thickness of the covering block.....................................................

Figure 7.11 Electric line fan box on Slab.........................................................................

Figure 7.12 Concrete Mixture Machine............................................................................

Figure 7.13 Firstly Column Casting.................................................................................

Figure 7.14 Secondly Casting of Beam............................................................................

Figure 7.17 Curing Slab and Beam..........................................................................................

Figure 7.1 Beam layout..........................................................................................................

Figure 7.2 Preparing of Beam Shattering...............................................................................

Figure 7.3 a) Attaching wooden Planks b) Checking depth of Beam c) Checking Depth
of Beam................................................................................................................

Figure 7.4 Checking stirrup bar spacing of beam.................................................................

Figure 7.5 Checking stirrups of Beam...................................................................................

Figure 6.1 Size of Column.....................................................................................................

Figure 6.2 Tie Spacing Checking...........................................................................................

Figure 6.3 Column Shattering................................................................................................

Figure 6.4 Curing of Column.................................................................................................

Figure 6.5 Check after casting...............................................................................................

Figure 5.1 Stair Reinforcement details...................................................................................

Figure 5.2 Wooden Plank Shutter..........................................................................................

Figure 5.3 Reinforcement Placing..........................................................................................

Figure 5.4 Tread and Riser Making.......................................................................................

Figure 5.6 Casting of Stair.....................................................................................................

Figure 5.7 Curing of stair......................................................................................................

Figure 2.1 Organisation

Figure 2.2 Inse dolore magna aliquam
Figure A.1 Groundwater outflow

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

1.1. General
In civil engineering construction it is one of the biggest challenges to ensure quality and
standard practice in the real life. In order to overcome such a challenge one should earn sound
knowledge with the help of experienced engineer before supervising any engineering project
independently. And, to get an experienced and cooperative minded engineer is another
challenge in this learning paradigm. As a result, it is always challenging to learn problem
based solutions rather learned by the experience. Sometimes, the problems are so different
from each other spatially that one solution might not be directly applicable for the other.
Therefore, a fresh graduate gets this unique opportunity to involve himself/herself for a short
time through the practicum period where at least few of the basic terminologies are learned:
those are very often used to interact labours or the contractors at the construction site.

1.2. Objectives of the study

There are some specific objectives of this study those are given below:

To gather practical knowledge in civil engineering construction work

To learn how to prepare a requisition form at site before any casting work

To learn how to post entry in a measurement book

To learn how to estimate the construction materials at site

To learn how to lead and maintain harmony within different groups in a construction
site
To learn how to work under an extreme environmental condition at the construction
site

1.3. Responsibilities:
Supervise the whole construction work
Estimation of required materials
Implementation of design in practical field
Assuring quality of construction work
Monitoring the labour work.
CHAPTER 2 COMPANY OVERVIEW

1.4. Introduction

ADDRESS:

CORPORATE OFFICE: MARKETING OFFICE:

HOUSE : 121(3RD FLOOR), 249 (GROUND FLOOR)

ROAD: 19A, BLOCK : E, BANANI AUCHPARA COLLEGE ROAD, TONGI
DHAKA-1213, BANGLADESH GAZIPUR, BANGLADESH
TEL: +880 2 9883973 TEL: +88-02-981 5150
01819 289 351 +88-02-981 5151
E-mail : info@holyhomes.net FAX: +88-02-981 5151
Website : www.holyhomes.net HOT LINE : 01713 017482, 01711 361557
01819 279972 , 01819 055233

Holy Homes Real Estate Ltd. is a property development company with operations primarily at
Tongi College Road which is known as the Heart of Gazipur district. The Company owns,
operates, develops, acquires, and rehabilitates apartment communities. We adhere to a simple
 and straightforward business plan in our effort to provide investors with dependable financial
returns that exceed those of comparable investments. Our communities generate excellent
financial results through physical improvements and exhibit an unwavering commitment to
customer service. Holy Homes Real Estate Ltd is creating and preserving value in multifamily
apartment complex.

1.5. Our Mission for our Valued Clients and Commitment to residents:
Our mission is to maximize long-term shareholder value by acquiring, repositioning,
developing, and managing market-rate apartment communities while enhancing the quality of
life for our residents and providing employees with opportunities for growth and
accomplishment.

1.6. Our Vision:

Our vision is to be a prominent owner and manager of market-rate apartment communities
located in high-barrier, high-growth markets.

1.7. Our Business Strategy Includes:

Aggressively managing and improving our communities to achieve increased net
operating income.
Acquiring and repositioning apartment communities for long-term growth at prices
that provide a positive spread over the Companys long-term cost of capital.
Developing new apartment communities on entitled raw land, on land adjacent to
existing owned communities, and where there are density opportunities to replace existing
garden apartments with mid- or high-rise structures.
Recycling assets by disposing of properties that have reached their potential .
Maintaining a strong and flexible capital structure with cost-effective access to the
capital markets

1.8. Stable Markets:

Holy Homes Real Estate Ltd focuses on stable markets in suburbs of in Dhaka & Gazipur
metropolitan areas that have significant barriers to new construction, a favourable
supply/demand relationship, high single-family home prices & reduced vulnerability to
 economic downturns, properties available for purchase at below their replacement cost, and
large prime renter populations.

1.9. Commitment to Customer Service:

"The Pledge" is a written guarantee of satisfaction that weve offered since our journey. It
reinforces our commitment to quality and customer service throughout our organization.

1.10. Proven Customer Loyalty:

Building customer loyalty is vital to any business today and we earned the ultimate
satisfaction from our valued client.

1.11. Commitment to Service:

Founded on a commitment to service, Holy Homes Real Estate Ltd truly cares about its
residents, striving each day to create apartment communities people love to live in. One way
in which we live up to this commitment is through our Holy Homes Real Estate Ltd Contact
Center.

1.12. Here are a Few Key Facts:

In addition to answering phone calls, they respond to email inquiries, and provide our
live web chat service.
Holy Homes Real Estate Ltd Contact Center provides support in both English and
Bangla.
The Contact Center operates 365 days a year yes, even in Eid Vacation.
Since taking first phone call in March, 2011, the Contact Center has answered over
20,000 nos call

1.13. Our Pledge to You:

Our Pledge, which was first introduced in 2011, is a written guarantee of satisfaction that is
unique in our industry and a source of pride for everyone at Holy Homes Real Estate Ltd.
Every day, it reminds us of the high level of trust our residents have placed in us. It inspires us
to meet or exceed the needs of the people who have chosen to make their home with us.
1.14. Our Promise:
You will be treated fairly, honestly, and courteously by our team of caring professionals. Your
apartment will be prepared to your satisfaction when you move in. We will help you get
acquainted with the community by providing welcome packages that introduce area services
and activities. We will promptly respond to your service requests and will correct any routine
service items within 24 hours or on the next business day.

1.15. Company Organogram

Managing Director

CEO (Chief Executive Officer)

General Manager

Project Director

Project Engineer

Site Engineer Trainee Engineer

Supervisor

Security Guard

1.16. Ongoing Project

 My Internship Project

HOLY HOMES SHAHADAT PALACE

Project Name : HOLY HOMES SHAHADAT PALACE

Project Location : 23 SHAKIL SARANI, AUCH PARA, COLLEGE ROAD, TONGI, GAZIPUR

HOLY HOMES ZABEDA PALACE

Project Name : HOLY HOMES ZABEDA PALACE

Project Location : 1/1 AUCH PARA, COLLEGE ROAD, TONGI, GAZIPUR

Level : Basement+G+9

No.of Apt. : 36
 HOLY HOMES ROKEYA MANJIL

Project Name : HOLY HOMES ROKEYA MANJIL

Project Location : COLLEGE ROAD, AUCH PARA, TONGI, GAZIPUR

Level : G+5

No.of Apt. : 10

HOLY HOMES MOSTOFA PALCE

 Project Name: HOLY HOMES MOSTOFA PALCE

Project Location: COLLEGE ROD, AUCH PARA, TONGI, GAZIPUR

Level:

No.of Apt.

HOLY HOMES ALAM GARDEN

Project Name : HOLY HOMES ALAM GARDEN
Project Location : PLOT#49, SHAFIUDDIN ROAD , AUCH PARA, TONGI
, GAZIPUR

1.17. Complete Project:

 HOLY HOMES RAFIQ CASTLE

Project Name: HOLY HOMES RAFIQ CASTLE

Project Location: 76 COLLEGE RODS, AUCH PARA, TONGI, GAZIPUR.

Level: G+9

No.of Apt. : 45

HOLY HOMES PERVIN KUNJA

Project Name: HOLY HOMES PERVIN KUNJA

Project Location: AUCH PARA, COLLEGE ROAD, TONGI, GAZIPUR

 CHAPTER 2 MATERIALS AND METHODS

2.1. Engineering Materials

The introduction to specifications for design is to make users aware of various standards which may be
considered during the design process and to assist users in finding the standards needed for a specific
design project.
Concrete:

All concrete compressive strength considered as follows:

f'c = Minimum 3500 psi for Pile
f'c = Minimum 3500 psi for Pile cap and Column
f 'c = Minimum 2600 psi for Beam, Slab, Stairs & others
Cement

Ordinary Portland Cement Type-1 Brand : Cement

Fig: Cement

Concrete Aggregate

Fine Aggregates :
i) 100% Sylhet sand of FM 2.5 for Column ii) 75% sylhet sand & 25% local sand of F.M. 2.5
for Beam, Slab, Stair & others
Coarse Aggregates : i) 3/4" downsize well graded stone chips for Column
ii) 3/4" downsize well graded brick chips for Beam, Slab, Stair & others

Fig: Bricks Chips and Stone

Fig: Sylhet sand and Local sand

Deformed rebar shall have minimum yield strength of:

i) fy = 60 Grade for Pile cap and Column
ii) fy = 72.5 Grade for Beam, Slab , Stairs and others
Brand : BSRM

Fig: BSRM Rear Using for the Project

2.2. Equipments
Tan Bolts: It is used for fixing column formwork. It keeps column formwork vertically
Nuts: It is used for adding two steel formworks
Screw: It used with screw
Steel Props: It is also used for fixing column formwork
Jute Tape: It used in steel board join
Steel shutter

Steel props

Nut

Bolts

Plum bob

Screw

Jutes gaskets

Trowel

Range

Bamboo

Measurement tape

Column frame made of 18SWG steel sheet

Wood
 Nails
Steel nails
24 gauge wire
MS rod
Plain Sheet

2.3. Procedure
For Staircase:

Reinforcement was placed over the wooden plank according to the drawing

Spacing was kept on as per drawing

10mm&12mm bar was used in stair

10mm dia bar was used 8" c/c as binder bar

12mm dia bar was used 4" c/c as main bar

After placing all reinforcement the labors were created tread and riser of stair

The stair was kept riser height 6"and tread height was 10"

For Column:

Column kicker construction was done before column casting

Generally the main purpose of kicker construction was maintained the vertical
alignment of column
Before construction column kicker all the alignment was corrected

The labors were made a frame of height 3"

I have checked tie spacing

Lapping length was assured according to drawing

Then I have checked clear cover
 For Beam and slab:

Checked dimension of beam from beam layout plan

I have checked shuttering beam and slab
Beam width was 10" confirmed as per drawing
Depth of beam was checked by me

2.4. Materials Testing

Confirmed by laboratory test
Concrete mix ratio should be 1:1.25:2.5 for column (Ground floor) only
Concrete mix ratio should be 1:2:4 to get concrete crushing strength (Cylinder test) f c
=3,500 psi. Beside it should be confirmed by mix design method in testing laboratory for
column (1st to 6th floor) only
Concrete mix ratio should be 1:2:4 to get concrete crushing strength (Cylinder test) f c
=3,000 psi. Beside it should be confirmed by mix design method in testing laboratory for
footing only
Concrete mix ratio should be 1:2:3.5 to get concrete crushing strength (Cylinder test) f c
=3,000 psi. Beside it should be confirmed by mix design method in testing laboratory for
other RCC works where not mentioned
Concrete mix ratio should be 1:1.5:3 to get concrete crushing strength (cylinder test) f c
=3,000 psi. Beside it should be confirmed by mix design method in testing laboratory for
U.G.W.R and O.H.W.R only
Stone chips should be used in column and footing, best quality picked jhama brick chips
should be used in other RCC works
Water /cement ratio should be 0.5 weight of cement and slump value 2-3
Course sand (Sylhet) and fine sand (Local) ratio should be 2:1

2.5. Architectural and Structural Drawing of the Project

All architectural and structural drawing of the project given the below
 Figure 3.1 Brick wall Measurement Plan

This figure is brick wall plan of this project, its separately two unit, unit A= 1170sft and unit B=
1165sft. Unit A include one master room with veranda, two bed room, also a drawing and dining room
same as Unit B. Each unit have one kitchen room and three toilets, one is attached in master bed, one is
attached in bed room and another is beside the kitchen room.

Indicates the all lintel and false slab of this floor. Basically engineer follow the designer plan
but owner if he wants to change of brick wall then should be lintel will be change. This layout
plan we can see all red colours line is lintel, after reaching 7 ft of height, there was a need to
prepare shuttering for the lintel. The thickness of the lintel was 6 At the same time, the slab of the
toilets and kitchens were given a false slab with a 3thickness in order to create a room for the sanitary
traps and as storage facility for the dwellers.
 Figure 3.2 Staircase Section Plan

In this projects three fight of staircase, fight 1 = 8 row, fight 2= 8 row and fight 3=4 row.
10mm&12mm bar was used in stair 10mm dia bar was used 8" c/c as binder bar12mm dia bar was
used 4" c/c as main bar. After placing all reinforcement the labors were created tread and riser of
stair.The stair was kept riser height 6"and tread height was 10".
 Figure 3.3 Column Layout

There are 22 column in this project, this picture including all column size, there are eight
categories of column schedule first one is C1= 15*21 ,C2= 15*23, C3= 15*23, C4=
15*25,C5= 15*25, C6 (lift column)= 10*15*15, C7= 12*18 and C8= 15*25
And mixing ratio is 1:1.5:3 (using stone for column)
Figure 3.4 Column Schedule
Figure 3.5 Beam and slab Layout(Top Bar)
 Figure 3.6 Beam and slab layout( Bottom bar)

This is floor outline plan, its tropical part and as well as follow the section 1-1 and A-A,
respectively for shuttering and using of this for cantering. This is floor slab reinforcement
details of these projects. In section A and B both are using reinforcement 10mm 6c/c, for
line 1 -10mm extra top bar, line 2- 2 10mm extra top bar
Line 3- one extra top bar 12mm and line 4- two extra top bar 12mm and 10mm in middle
portion 8 c/c in temperature, slab thickness is 5.

Figure 3.7 Beam section

 Figure 3.8 Beam section

Its outline of beam this project here 13 types of beam used (B1-B13) and for casting followed
by reinforcement fy =70,0000 psi and fc = 2500 psi
Mixing ratio of concrete is : 1.2.4
Coarse aggregate brick chips to be used
Clear covering block 1.5
CHAPTER 3 CONSTRUCTION WORK

3.1. Construction of Slab

3.1.1. General

The slab provides a horizontal surface and is usually supported by columns, beams, of walls.
Slabs may be defined as those structural elements that are subjected to distribute loads
primarily in a plane transverse to the plane of slab. It is supported by reinforced concrete
beams. There are two types of slab.

One-Way Slab
One way slabs are normally used when the length to breadth ratio of the room is greater than
2 and the short span does not exceed 3.5m.

Two Way Slab

When the length to width ratio of an opening (room etc) is less than 2 the slab is design
considering two-way slab.
In my project I worked with two way slab
 Fig4.1 : Slab Reinforcements details

3.1.2. Short Notes on Slab

Floor Number: 3rd Floor slab Casting

Types of slab: Two way slab
Thickness: Thickness of the slab is 5
 Clear Cover: The concrete clear cover is 1 in. for both the top and bottom
Floor Area: 2250 sqft

3.1.3. Materials used for Shuttering:

Wood
Nails
Steel nails
24 gauge wire
MS rod
Plain Sheet

3.1.4. Materials for Casting:

Brick Chips (minimum fc = 2600 psi)

Cement- Ordinary Portland Cement type-1
Sand Sylhet Sand 75% and Local Sand 25%
Water- Supply Water
Reinforcement- 10 mm and 12 mm bar (72.5 grade)

3.1.5. Slab Reinforcement Arrangement

First reinforcements were cutting as per drawing

The labours were used 10 mm bar in both direction bottom layers

Reinforcement spacing was 6"c/c

Short direction bar was used at bottom bar and it is a main bar of slab

Long direction bar was used at top and it is a binder bar of slab

Top layer spacing was 4" c/c

Extra top was used 12 mm bar

Extra top bar was used on every crank bar

Crank bar was used in both way of slab

3.1.6. Using Reinforcement

8mm, 10mm, 12mmMy Role during Slab Reinforcement Placement

At first I have assured slab reinforcement details

3.1.7. Reinforcement Checking

I have checked crank bar

It was ensured thickness of slab maintained by concrete block

I have confirmed spacing top layer reinforcement placing

Slab level was checked by water leveling pipe

Electric pipe joint was checked

Fan box level was checked

I have checked slab clear cover

Slab lapping length was checked

Figure:4.9 Prepare Wooden Plank Shutter

After completing the beam formwork, the slab shuttering was started. At first the runner was placed after that
the props were placed under the runner. After props placing the horizontal Shuttering wood was placed. After
complete of lying wood, the steel sheet was placed on the surface of wood. The diameter of the bamboo was
not less than 3 in. Minimum thickness of the Shuttering wood was 1.25 in. The width of the shuttering wood
was 6 in. The distance between the shuttering wood was 6 in. Plane sheet was be neat and clean. The runner
size 3 in x 2 in.
Figure 4.10 Prepare For Plain Sheet
Figure 4.11 Plain Sheet joining
 After that I observed the steel sheet placement and found it was neat and clean
Finally I checked the leakage on the steel sheet and didnt found any leakage or unexpected gaps
between the sheet
One of the major works I found that is the vertical and horizontal levelling of beam and slab I
checked the levelling and the level marked on column reinforcement.

Figure 4.12 Checking Crank bar

3.1.8. Crank rod placement:-

Crank rod should be used for bending moment in both way of slab and placed by 10 mm dia
crank rod in different distance from floor beam in various slab. Extra top bar:- Extra top bar
are to be used on every crank reinforcement actually on floor beam horizontally and placed
by 10 mm. After that I checked the main bars spacing and I observed the arrangement was ok.
Again I observed the top layer reinforcement placing as well as the extra top bar arrangement
Then I checked the top bars spacing and also checked the cranked bar length
3.2. Construction of Beam
Beam is the horizontal member of a structure carrying transverse loads. Beam carries load
from the floor or the roof slab and transfers all the loads inclining its self-weight to the
columns or walls. Beams are the horizontal parts of the structure which transfer the dead and live
loads to the vertical members of the structures. Beams are often used to support slabs, which are
mostly cast with monolithic construction. Beams should withstand the whole load of slab & other live
loads on the slab. This chapter includes the formwork of the beam, casting of the beam and describe
the related problems & solutions.
Beam Size is: 10"*16" and 12"*24"

Figure 4.19 Beam layout

3.2.1. Notes of Beam

Size & Types of Beams:

According to design all the beams are same size

Depth= 16

Width=10

All the beams are rectangular shape

3.2.2. Beam Main Bar:

There are two types of main bar is used, one is 16 mm and another is 20 mm bar
Main bar was different for individual beam as well as the extra top bar also different

3.2.3. Stirrup Size:

10 mm bar is used for the stirrup. Total about 600 stirrup is used for 2nd floor beam which is around
400 kg and for every individual stirrup the length was 46 in. before bent.

3.2.4. Spacing:
In the corner section of each beam, that is L/4 length, stirrup spacing was 5 c/c and the middle section
of the beam that is L/2 length, it was 7 c/c.

3.2.5. Clear Cover:

Top = 1.5
Bottom = 1.5
Side = 1.5
And it insured by using Block ( 1.5 x 1 x 1)

3.2.6. Lap Length & Location:

For beam bottom bar, lap should not be provided at middle third zone 58of the span
For beam top bar, lap may be provided at middle third zone of the span
 Not more than 50% of the bars shall be spliced at one place
Lap length for the tension zone = 60*dia and for compression zone = 40*dia

3.2.7. Shattering of Beam

Shuttering or form work is the term used for temporary timber, plywood, metal or other
material used to provide support to wet concrete mix till it gets strength for self support. It
provides supports to horizontal, vertical and inclined surfaces or also provides support to cast
concrete according to required shape and size.

The form work also produces desired finish concrete surface. Some procedure given below:

First steps were cutting the wooden planks, bamboos and runners in proper size. (Planks
size usually 5 1.5 and Runners size usually 3" 2")
Bamboo has been used as props in my project

Beam bottom shutter wooden plank was placed according to beam layout

The beam shutter was prepared base on dimension of beam

Figure 4.20 Preparing of Beam Shattering

 Figure 4.21 a) Attaching wooden Planks b) Checking depth of Beam c) Checking Depth of
Beam

Figure 4.22 Checking stirrup bar spacing of beam

Decorated this reinforcement and distribute these stirrups at every beam support portion and
middle portion of the beam. Advised him for every beam top bar reinforcement at middle
portion and bottom bar lapping near the support portion and the binding wire not above 24G
galvanized irons wire.
3.2.8. My Role during Beam and Slab Shuttering

I have ensured vertical props position

Shuttering was checked properly

3.2.9. Checking

Checked dimension of beam from beam layout plan

I have checked shuttering beam and slab
Beam width was 10" confirmed as per drawing
Depth of beam was checked by me

3.2.10. Beam Reinforcement Placing

At first the labors were cutting reinforcement according to design specification before
Reinforcement placing into the beam and slab
Second steps were placing the beam reinforcement
Stirrup was arranged according to the design
Stirrup was tied up with the top and bottom reinforcement bar
Stirrup was banded top and bottom layer
Stirrup was used 10 mm bar
Matum dimension was 6"
Extra top and bottom were provided according to drawing demand
Extra top 1-20mm bar middle position &2-20mm bar has been used

3.2.11. Reinforcement Used for Beam

We collected MS rod from BSRM. We used different sizes rod

10mm, dia12 mm, dia16 mm, dia 20 mm

 Figure 4.23 Checking stirrups of Beam

Decorated this reinforcement and distribute these stirrups at every beam support portion and middle
portion of the beam. Advised him for every beam top bar reinforcement lapping at middle portion
and bottom bar lapping near the support portion. Binding wire not above 24G galvanized irons
wire.

3.3. CONSTRUCTION OF COLUMN

3.3.1. General

Column is vital part of the structure, which transfers the load of the structure such as beam
and slab to the base of footing. Column forms a very important component of a structure.
Columns support beams which in turn support walls and slabs. It should be realized that the
failure of a column results in the collapse of the structure. Placement and right construction
process will enhance the column durability and strength so everyone needs special
consideration about the column construction.

Figure 4.24 Size of Column

3.3.2. Short Notes on Column

Floor Number: 3rd Floor
Types of column: There are five types of column are designed for this project. Name of column C1,
C2.C3, C4 & C5, C6, C7, and C8
All the columns are tied and rectangular.
Numbers of column: Total 22 column C1=2, C2= 8, C3=1, C4=3, C5=1, C6= 2, C7=2, C8=1
Column size: C1=15 x 21, C2= 15 x 25, C3= 15 x 25, C4= 15 x 25, C5= 15 x 25,C6 =13 x
18*15, C7= 15 x 25, C8= 15 x 25
3.3.3. Materials:
In this project steel shuttering is used for only three columns and rest of the column shuttering was
wooden shuttering. Materials for steel Shutter are as follows:

Tan Bolts: It is used for fixing column formwork. It keeps column formwork vertically
Nuts: It is used for adding two steel formworks
Screw: It used with screw
Steel Props: It is also used for fixing column formwork
Jute Tape: It used in steel board join

3.3.4. Working Procedure of Column Kicker

Column kicker construction was done before column casting

Generally the main purpose of kicker construction was maintained the vertical
alignment of column
Before construction column kicker all the alignment was corrected
The labors were made a frame of height 3"

3.3.5. Column Reinforcement Arrangement

3.3.6. Working Procedure

I have checked tie spacing

Lapping length was assured according to drawing

Then I have checked clear cover

3.3.7. Reinforcement Used for Column

In R M Future Garden 22 types of column, all columns reinforcement used 20mm in every
corner and middle position using 16mm reinforcement and 10mm using for binding.
3.3.8. My Role during Reinforcement Placing and Steel Shutter

I have checked tie spacing

Lapping length was assured according to drawing
Then I have checked clear cover
3.3.9. Checking

I have checked tie spacing

Lapping length was assured according to drawing

Figure 6.25 Tie Spacing Checking

This figure ties spacing check for finding all reinforcement portion accurate or not and tie
are providing on the outer face of column bar. All tie bar reinforcement provides 10 mm
dia and all tie bar spacing middle parson 7 and another portion 5 c/c.

3.3.10. Column Shuttering

3.3.11. Formwork:
Its very important to check the preparation of formwork. The shuttering should not permit leakage of
cement grouting. The centring was truly vertical and should not be placed at an angle. The level of the
formwork should be checked they should be as per the drawings. There should not be gap before
concrete is placed. The joints of the formwork should be tight and close enough to prevent the
squeezing out of grouting or sucking in of air during vibration. The formwork should be set accurately
to the desired line levels should have plane surface. It should be as light as possible as well as clean
and oiled.
 Figure 6.26 Column Shattering

Steel shutter was made as per the dimension of column

there are four parts of steel shutter two parts were attached together before setting in the
column
Column shutter was installed around the kicker

Jute fiber gaskets were used at the time of attaching two shutters together with column

3.3.12. Instrument used in Column Shuttering

Steel shutter

Steel props

Nut

Bolts

Plum bob

Screw

Jutes gaskets

Trowel

Range

Bamboo

Measurement tape

Column frame made of 18SWG steel sheet

3.3.13. Casting of Column

Column casting was done in two steps

before column casting inner sides of the shutter was wetted by water
Concrete was placed inside the column shutter

Vibrator was used at column zone appropriately

Vibrator must be used properly

The ratio of the concrete was 1:1.5:3

3.3.14. My Duties during Casting:

At first I checked the materials, the mortar mixture machine and the vibrator was ready
Then I checked the labour was ready for casting
During casting I checked the mortar mixture ratio and it was 1: 1.5: 3
Then I checked the vibrator using and I suggested them proper vibrating

3.3.15. Curing of Column

Its very important role on strength development and durability of concrete, curing take place
immediately after concrete placing and finishing and involves maintenance of desired moisture and
temperatureColumn curing was done by wrapping moist jute fabric and sprinkling by hose pipe
frequently Curing was continued up to 28 days within three times in day.
Curing example shown in the figure:

Figure 6.27 Curing of Column

Figure 6.28 Check after casting
This is a short column inside of stair after casting of columns, then combines the accurate height and
distance following as per as drawing

.
3.4. CONSTRUCTION OF STAIRCASE
3.4.1. General

The staircases have always been an apparent architectural element of any architectural style. At first
it was a primitive stone and wooden stairs. Later in course of development of technology of wood,
stone, and metal processing the staircases

Figure 5.29 Stair Reinforcement details

3.4.2. Stair Shuttering

3.4.3. Working procedure:

Figure 5.7: Labour is working

Figurewithout
5.10: Figure
Honeycomb 5.8:
in Labour toisDrawing
working without
Figure
Figure 5.4:
5.6:
Figure
Stirrups
Rebar
Figure
5.5: Here
Hook
Cutter
5.9: Machine
Child
Stirrups isColumn
is not According
Labour
Hook on Formwork
isisin
working
135 of Slab