AFRICA

1993
The immediate aftermath of The OAU established a Mechanism
independence for most African states in the for Conflict Prevention, Management and
late 1950s and early 1960s did not Resolution.
immediately produce a particularly African Economic Community was
also established.
encouraging climate for regionalism.

1961 and 1962 2001

- Casablanca, Brazzaville, Monrovia Leading African states agreed to an
initiative known as the New Partnership
May 25, 1963 for Africas Development (NEPAD), a
- OAU comprehensive programme designed to
address Africas increasing marginalization
Organization of African Unity in the face of globalization.

Aims AFRICAN UNION (AU)

- Sovereignty, - established on May 26, 2001

- Equality
- Non-interference in internal affairs
- Territorial integrity
- Condemnation of political assassination
and subversion
- Peaceful settlement of disputes
- Dedication to the emancipation of the
remaining colonial territories in the
continent
Problems
During the cold war period, African
states shared one common cause the
ending of apartheid in South Africa and
were also, to some extent, able to maintain
the superpowers interest in their affairs by
taking advantage of their competition for
influence.
1980s
- falling per capita income, lower per capita
food production, and a smaller share for the
region in the world market for exports
- came into being in July 9, 2002
- Much more ambitious organization than its
predecessor.
OBJECTIVES
- Provided in Article 30 of the Constitutive
Act of the African Union.
Achieve greater unity and solidarity
between the African countries and the
peoples of Africa;
Defend the sovereignty, territorial
integrity and independence of its member
states;
Accelerate the political and socio-
economic integration of the continent;
Promote and defend African
common positions on issues of interest to
the continent and its peoples;
Encourage international cooperation,
taking due account of the Charter of the
United Nations and the Universal
Declaration of Human Rights;
Promote peace, security, and stability
of the continent;
Promote democratic principles and
institutions, popular participation and good
governance;
 Promote and protect human and
peoples rights in accordance with the
African Charter on Human and Peoples
Rights and other relevant human rights
instruments;
Ensure the effective participation of
women in decision-making, particularly in
the political, economic and socio-cultural
areas;
Establish the necessary conditions
which enable the continent to play its
rightful role in the global economy and in
international negotiations;
Promote sustainable development at
the economic, social and cultural levels as
well as the integration of African economies;
Promote co-operation in all fields of
human activity to raise the living standards
of African peoples;
Coordinate and harmonize the
policies between the existing and future
Regional Economic Communities for the
gradual attainment of the objectives of the
Union;
Advance the development of the
continent by promoting research in all fields,
in particular in science and technology;
Work with relevant international
partners in the eradication of preventable
diseases and the promotion of good health
on the continent;
Develop and promote common
policies on trade, defense and foreign
relations to ensure the defense of the
continent and the strengthening of its
negotiating positions;
Invite and encourage the full
participation of the African Diaspora as an
important part of our continent, in the
building of the African Union.
ASIA organization.
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
19th century
- Southeast Asia became victims of
European colonialism.
During World War II
- Japan expelled the Western colonial
powers from the region and subjected it to a
brutal occupation.
Following World War II
- SEA countries gained independence from
colonizers, but became part of the Cold War.
1954
- US together with France, Great Britain,
New Zealand, Australia, Philippines,
Thailand, and Pakistan founded the
Southeast Asia Treaty Organization
(SEATO).
1961
- Malaysia, Philippines, and Thailand gave
rise to the Association of Southeast Asia
(ASA).
1963
- Malaysia, Philippines, and Indonesia
founded MAPHILINDO.
1966
- South Korean President Park Chung-hee
created the Asia Pacific Council (ASPAC).
Association of Southeast Asian Nations
(ASEAN)
- founded on August 8, 1967
- Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines,
Singapore, Thailand (ASEAN 5)
Brunei, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and
Vietnam
- Originally designed as an anticommunist
- Transformed into a cooperative grouping
with numerous committees and working
groups.
ASEAN members spelled out in the
Bangkok Declaration that their main goals
shall be:
to accelerate the economic growth, social
progress, and cultural development in the
region through joint endeavours in the spirit
of equality and partnership[and] to
promote regional peace and stability.
3 Pillars
1. economic
2. security
3. sociocultural
SETBACKS
Asian economic crisis Lasted for almost
2 years.
Regional haze Brought about by the
large forest fires in Indonesia.
Political upheaval in East Timor When
Indonesia invaded East Timor.