Schlumberger Confidential

Introduction to
Directional Drilling
Objectives

At the end of this presentation, you should be able to:

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Explain whats directional drilling

Explain different applications for directional drilling

Identify all sections of a well profile

Identify all types of well profile

Identify build curves

Explain all different types of deflection devices and its applications

Understand the different methods SLB RSS tools use to steer the well

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What is Directional Drilling?

The intentional deviation of a wellbore from the path it would naturally take

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Why Directional Drilling?

SideTrack
Inaccessible Locations

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Why Directional Drilling?

Multiple Wells
Fault Control

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Why Directional Drilling?

Multilaterals
Salt Domes

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Why Directional Drilling?

Relief Well

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Deepwater Horizon

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Why Directional Drilling?

Extended Reach Drilling ( ERD )

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Total depth = 40,320 ft
Horizontal Reach = 35,770 ft

Al Shaheen Field - Qatar

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Getting to Target

Follow a pre-determined well path

Changes in direction and inclination are
achieved using steerable systems

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Real-time data from MWD used to
follow the well path

To plan a well, the well planner needs:

Surface location where drilling will begin

The target location where drilling will end

The True Vertical Depth of the target.

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Well Profiles

Vertical J

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S Horizontal

Slide 10
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Build Curve Definitions
Long:<8deg/100ft
Medium:>8<30deg/100ft
Short:>30deg/100ft (variations)

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Deflection Devices

Tools & Techniques to deflect the course of the well in a controlled manner,
overcoming natural tendencies

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Kick-off, nudge (build angle from vertical to a desired direction)

Trajectory correction (turn, build, drop to the desired trajectory)

Sidetrack (deflect the well from its original course)

The following are deflection devices:

Jetting

Whipstock

Turbines/PDM

Rotary Steerable

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Jetting BHA

Used in soft formations

Cost Effective

One large bit nozzle oriented to the desired direction

Wash a pocket in the formation

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Continue building with rotary BHA

Can be used with MWD

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Whip-Stock

Used in medium to hard formations

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Bit, NB Stab. pinned to whip and conveyed to bottom

Tool Face oriented

Whip is wedged on bottom and pin sheared

Undersized pilot hole is drilled

Mill and whip-stock retrieved.

Run in with bit to continue drilling.

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Rotary Assemblies

Rotary Assemblies can be designed to build, hold or drop inclination

Factors which can affect the directional behavior of rotary assemblies include:

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Gauge and placement of stabilizers

Diameter and length of drill collars ( flexibility )

Weight -on-bit

Rotary speed

Bit type

Formation anisotropy and dip angle of the bedding planes

Formation hardness

Flow rate

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Rotary Assemblies - Stabilizers Placement

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Turbines and PDM

Hydraulic power to mechanic power driving the bit

3D control possible

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After kick-off, drill tangents, adjust trajectory without POOH

Performance drilling

Increase bit rpm without increasing drillstring rotation speed

Reduces drillpipe and casing wear

Increases ROP

Makes long runs for extended interval drilling.

Cost Effective

Can be run in most drilling environments

High temperature operations

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PowerPak / PathFinder Mud Motors

The Positive Displacement Motors

(PDMs) use the reverse Moineau pump

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principle, based on the progressive
cavities theory.

The PDMs take their name from the fact

that, ideally, the fluid cannot flow
without rotation of the system.

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Neyrfor Turbodrill

A turbine is a rotary engine that extracts (converts) mechanical energy

from fluid flow (hydraulic energy)
Power section

Intermediate stabilizer

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Bearing section
Box connection
bit with integral
turbine sleeve
Rotors and stators

Bearing assembly

Lower bearing stabilizer Titanium flex shaft

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Why Run a Rotary Steerable System

More Performance drilling
Improves ROP
Minimize wiper trips
Increased hole quality, allowing
improved and faster completions

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Pushes the boundaries with respect to
extended reach drilling

Overcome hole problems
Low effective ROP due to
Inability to slide
Maintaining
orientation
Poor hole cleaning
Risk of sticking
Tortuous well profile

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Why Run a Rotary Steerable System

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Smoother, in gauge borehole
without the spiraling common
with rotated bent housing
reduces friction for additional
reach and makes casing,
wireline and completions
operations easier.

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Typical Slide / Rotate Profile
Continuous Inc. Interpolated Inc.

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Continuous Azm. Interpolated Azm.

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Rotary Steerable Profile
Continuous Inc. Interpolated Inc.
45 60

4 .0 2 D L S

65

40

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70
1 .8 3 D L S

<<<right AZI (deg) left>>>

INCL (deg)

0 .2 9 D L S
35 75

80
in c l in a t io n
30 w ip e r trip

85
a z im u t h

290deg@ 20% N 315deg@ 60% 288deg@ 100%

25 90
12000 12100 12200 12300 12400 12500 12600 12700 12800 12900 13000
MD (ft)

Continuous Azm. Interpolated Azm.

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PowerDrive Rotary Steerable Systems

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PowerDrive Rotary Steerable Systems

Performance drilling

Reduced casing and drillstring wear

Performance drilling on torque & RPM limited rigs

Fast bit rotation and optimised bit performance

Fully rotating system

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Downhole inclination and azimuth control

Real Time Data Transmission with CLink

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Questions

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