22-303

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DIGITALLOGICPROBE
P L E A S ER E A D B E F O R EU S I N G T H IS M AC H IN E

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 CONNECTINGYOUR
WHATIS A TOGICPROBE? TOGICPROBE
ThisLogicProbeis on economicqlond usefuldevice Your Logic Probe hos been designed to operole from
for testingo logiccircuit.lt disploysthe HIGH ond LOW 'l
ony power supply from 4.7 to 5 volts. During testing,
ond o PULSEwith differenicoloredLEDsond oudible sttoch the longer clip leods of the Logic Probe to the
signolsol vohogetestpointsof o digitolcircuit.lt lels power supply. Connecl the block leod to the negotive
you "peekinside"ihe CMOS ond TTL/LSlCs. (-) ond red leod to the posilive (t) terminol of the
pow er suppl y.The short bl ock ground l eqd should be
SP EC I F I C AT I ON S oitoched to o ground neor lhe point to be testedto
ensure exoct performonce of the Logic Probe.
Thresholds
N oi e: A di ode i s odded on the negoti vepo wer line
TTL/LS{5V Vcc):LO : 0.8Vt0.2V for prolection from o reversedpolority. Since
Ht -_ 2.2V+0.2V there is o potenliol difference (opprox. 0.6V)
between the input ground wire ond lhe negotive
CMOS/MOS(VccRonge:4.7V to 15V): power leod, meosuremenlis defined to be
LO : 30% Vcc conducled by using inpvt ground terminol.
Hl - 7O"/"Ycc Thresholdswill deviote if the some power supply
for Logic Probe ond the systemsto be fested is
Inputlmpedonce : 100kohm used simulloneously.
Min. Detectoble PulseWidth : 5Ons
Mox. InputFrequency : lOMHz
Couiion : Never opply voltoge over l5V DC
Pulse,/Normol : SwitchSelectoble
to lhe Logic Probe.
Disploywith Lightond Sound(Beep)
Power SupplyMox. Stond-byCurrent: lOmA ot 5V
30mA qt l5V
Mox. OperotingCurrent : 2OmAqt 5V
80mA ot l5V

Copyrighl 1985 TondyCorporotion

US IN G Y O UR TOGICPROBE
'1.
Connectyour LogicProbeos describedobove.
2. Sei fhe devicetype switchto CMOS or TTL/LS
dependingupon which"fomily"of logic devices
you ore going lo lesf.
Sel the mode swilchto eitherNORMALor PULSE.
In the PULSE mode,the LogicProbewillindicote the
logic levelof ihe pulsetroin.In the NORMALmode,
the unitwill indicotethe DC Logicstoie.
Touchthe exposedmetoltip of your LogicProbeto
the TTL/LScircuitpoint to be tested.lf the LOW
(green)LEDlightsond the unil mokeso low tone
sound (beep), it indicoteso level lower thon the
thresholdvoltogeof obout0.8 volts.lf the lllGH
(red) tED lightsond o high tone sound(beep), it
5. To onolyzefhe duty cycleof o pulsetroin,you con
comporeihe brightness levelof the HIGH (red)LED
with the LOW (greenfLED.
lf the HIGH(red)LEDis brighterihonthe LOW LED,
fhe pulseform hoso longerhigh-durotion.lf theLOW
(green)LEDis brighterthonlhe HIGH(red)LED,the
low-durotionof the pulseis longer.
Coution: Never opply more voltogeto the tip pin of
lhe LogicProbelhqn the supplyvoltoge.
LEDSTATES
H IGH TOW P U TS E BEEP
ooc o) Logic "0' no pulse octivrl/

indicotesq level obove the thresholdof obout2.2 aoo o))) Logic "1 " no pulse ochvity

volts.lf the circuit to be testedis the CMOS/MOS ooo o Teslpoint on open circuit
Out of toleronce signol
c ircuit: N ol pow er ed

OO* o Squore wove pulse oclivrty

LOW : 30% Vcc oo* o Logic "0" pulse ocfivity
HIGH -- 7O"/o\!cc ao* a Logi c " l " pul s eoc tr v i t y

IN D IC ATION
lf there is no LEDlit ond no sound (beep) emitted, IED EEEP
the level is either betweenthe thresholdvoltoges
or the circuitis "open". lf the PULSE(yellow)LED O LED OFF O NO BEEP
. tE DON O)),) H IGHION E
is blinking,it indicoteso pulsetroinoi the testing * BLIN KIN G
LED .) LOWTONE
node. (The mode switch is in PULSE position.) O TON E

FIG.I IN TE R P R E TIN
THGEtE D SA N D B E E P
DIGITALTROUBLESHOOTING
l. StqricGote Anolysis 2. DynomicGote Anolysis
Thetruthtobie(o tobuloticn
s{ the outputcommonds
for o giveninput)mustbe kno*n for o giventype A gote moy oppeorfunctionolwhen observedsfoticolly
of gote. (constont inpulDC level)bul moyfoil underoctuolcircuil
Themosicommonloqictoblesore shown. operofion(pulsing inputsignol).Figure2 showshow
on inverlerwill chongeo negotivepulseio o positive
NAN D
pulse.All of thisinformotionis indicotedby your Logic
n-T_B-T_tl Probe.
#
Ji_ Lo Lol H r l
lL o lHr lHl
-l Hr lLolH r l
r-t--T.-----_1
lHr lHr lL o l

^>-: TIIT>
INVE R T ER

TA-l-c-l
EoFn
tHr-tLoI

FIG.2 INVERTEROPERATION

Once o foultis locotedin the circuitby your LogicProbe,
it mustnexl be determinedwhetherthe foultis in the
lC or in someshortexternolto the node.For exomple,
if on outputfrom o gote is olwoyslow, eitherfhe gote
is bod or the orinfedcircuittrockto the node is shorted
to the logiclow. One methodfor distinguishing beiween
ihe iwo is lo free the pin of the lC underlesl ond then
usethe LogicProbeto onolyzethe flootingoutpul.
Use of o LogicPulser (suchos o MICRONTACqi.
No. 22-304) con moke trouble-shooting even eosier
by ollowingyou to conlrol the signolflowing the
circuit.Completeinstruciionson usingyour Logic
Probewith o LogicPulserore includedwith the Logic
Pulser.
HINTSON DIGITAT
TROUBLESHOOTING
l. Wth CMOS devices,connecloll unusedinputslo
Vccor ground."Flooting"inputsmoycouseerrotic
deviceoperotion.
2. With TTVLSdevices,oll inputsmustbe connecled
to something. lf on inpulshouldolwoysbe high,
conneclit to Vcc. lf on inputshouldolwoysbe low,
connectif fo ground.lf fhe TTVLSdevicescontoin
OR,AND, or NAND gotes,connectoll unusedinputs
to o usedinputon fhe somedevice.
3 . Powersupplyproblemsoftencousefroublein digitol
Mokesurethe powersuppliedlo eochdevice
circuifs.
is withinthe limitsspecifiedfor the device.(A "hot"
groundis onothercommonproblem.)
4. Oflen the quickestwoy lo locoteo problemin o
digilolcircuitis lo stortol outputond work bock.lf
the circuitis drivenby o multivibrotor, firstcheckthe
outpuf of the multivibrotor ond lhen go to the output
ond work bock.
TECHNICATTALKABOUT
DIGITATETECTRONICS
Di g i to lc ir c uif sor e non l i n e o rd e v i c e so n d o p e ro te o t
soturolionlevels. STATIC

As sh o wn in F ig.3, if t h e v o l to g e i s i n c re o s e do n A t hen
ot so me v olue t he s t oteo f C w i l l c h o n g e fro m o l o gi c
0 l o o l ogic 1 . T he oc f u o l v o l to g e o t w h i c h th i s o c c urs
is termed the thresholdvoltoge for the fomily. (Typicolly
0 .8 V fo r low ond 2. 2Y fo r h i g h i n th e T T Lfo m i l y o r 3 0 %
for low ond 7O"/" for high in the CMOS fomily, where
we d e fi ne:

o /-
/o -- x '100
(+v)- (-v)
DYNAMIC
V1 refers to the volioge ot which C chonges stote from
l o g i c 0 t o logic l. )

When testingo gote stoticolly,A would be cousedio

go HIGH ( + V ) ond C m o n i to re d(c h o n g e sfro m L OW Vrx
to H IGH) .W hen t es t in gth e g o te d y n o mi c o l l y A , mi g ht
be p u l s edwit h q s quo rew o v e o n d C m o n i to re d .T h e
YTL
g o te i s b od if no c hong e o c c u rs ,p ro v i d e dth e o m p l i t ude
o f th e squor ewov e ot A p o s s e sth ro u g h th e W L l e vel .
-v

FIG.3 STATICAND DYNAMICTESTING

10 11
Withino givenfomily,the gote is bod if it givesriselo A positivepulsingwovetroinwithdutycycleobove507o
tronsitionsthofoccurin the undefined region.(See becomeso negolivepulsingwovetroinwith o dutycycle
Fig.4 for CMOS.)For exomple,the HTLhosthresholds of lessthon 50%. Forexomple,o posilivewovetroin
of B.5Vond 6.5V,whichcompores fovoroblyto the with o 75% dulycycleis equivolenlto o negotivewove
70%-3O% progromming of the CMOSswitch troin with o dufy cycleof 25"/".
oosition.
Anolysisof o wove lroin incorporotes two ospects: the
repetitionrote ond lhe durotion(osshownin Fig.5).
12
The rotio of the durotionto the repetitionrote is often
l,rJ
colledthe % dvtycycle.Forexomple,in the onolysis
of o squorewove,the durotionis holf of the repelition 9 ' to
rote ond consequently hoso 50?/oduty cycle.The
5
repetitionrote is the someos the frequencyof the wove 98
o-
troin.In qddition,the pulseis termedos negotive(Low) FO
if the logiclevelremoinshighfor mostof the cycleond UJ
pulselow os shownin Fig.5.
Theconverse istermedo positive (HIGH)pulseosshown
E4
c
c
in Fig.6. 2

The(HlGH,LOW)LEDswill hoverelotiveintensiiies
proportionolto lhe duty cycle.For exomple,if the duty 246810121416
cycleis l0% ond o negotiveexists, thenthe HIGHLED POWERSUPPLYVOLTAGE
will hovethe greotestintensify
becousethe LOW LED FIG.4 PROBETIP VOLTAGEVS
is on only 10% oI the time.As the frequency becomes POWERSUPPLYVOLTAGE
lower (below40 Hz)the octuoltronsitions of ihe (HIGH, FOR CMOS FAMILY
LOW) LEDscon be resolvedby the humoneye.
However,the durotionof ihe HIGH LEDwith respecl
to the LOW LEDis stillproporlionolto the duf cycle.
12 t3
 IN CASEOF PROBLEMS...
lf your LogicProbeseemslo be workingimproperly,
-*l DURAT|oN try thesehints:
l--
' 1. Moke sureyour LogicProbeis properlyconnected
or grounded.
2. l( lhe PULSE LEDblinkscontinuously for o logic
' .ondition,the power supplymoy requireexfro
fihering.(Toomuch"noise"is comingfrom lhe power
supply.)
3. Moke surethe problemis not in the circuityou ore
testing.For exomple,if the circuiior deviceis
FIG.5. NEGATIVE-GOING
PULSE completely "deod",no LEDswill light.

F I G . 6. P O S IT IVE -G OIN GP U L S E

14 t5
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 QU'UNESONDE
QU'EST-CE BRANCHEMENT
LOGIOUE DE LA SONDELOGIQUE
L a so n de logiquees t u n o u ti l d l a l o i s 6 c o n o rn i q u eet C ette sonde l ogi quea 6t6 conguepour fonct ionneri
p ra ti q ues er v antd la v e ri fi c a ti o nd ' u n c i rc u i t l o g i q u e. parti rd' une sourced' al i mentati on de 4.7 a 15 volt s.
El l e i ndiqueles 6t at s H AU T S e t B AS e t L ' IMP U L S I ON P endantl a v6ri fi cati on,appl i querl es pi ncesde la sonde
a ve c des v oy ant sa DEL d e c o u l e u rsd i ffe re n te se t d es l ogi quesur I' al i mentati on.
R el i erl e condu ct eurnoir i la
si g n a uxs onor esau po i n t d e c o n tro l ed e te n s ro nd {.n borne negati ve(-) et l e conducteurrouge A la bor ne
ci rcu i t num er ique.E ll e p e rm e td e s o n d e r l e s c rrc rr' :s posi ti ve(+ ) de l a sourced' al i mentati on. Le conduct eur
i n t6 g r6sT T L/ LS ( logi q u etra n s i s to r-tra n s i s tohra u te noi r court de l a massedoi t 6tre rel i 6 d une m assed
d e n si t e)et a CM O S ( s e m i -c o n d u c te udr m 6 ta l -o x y de proxi mi t6du poi nt d v6ri fi erafi n d' obtenirdes r 6sult at s
co mp l 6m ent air e) . exacts.

FI CH ET E C H N I OU E R emarque:U ne di ode est mont6esur l e cot e ngat if

d' al i mentati onpour servi rde protecti onc ont r e une
i nversi onde l a pol ari te.l l exi steune di ff6 r encede
Se ui l s potenti eld' envi ron0.6 V entre l e conducteurde m asse
TTL / LS ( V c c de 5V ): d' entr6eet l e conducteurn6gati f;l a mesur edoit se
BAS = 0.8V 10.2V fai re en uti l i santl a borne de massed' entr 6e.Les
H AU T = 2 .2 V + O .2 V ni veauxde seui l changerontsi l a meme alim ent at ion
est uti l i seesi mul tanementpour l a sonde logiqueet les
CMO S / M O S( V c c d e 4 .7 V a 1 5 V): systemesd v6ri fi er.
B,AS= 300/ode Vcc
HAUT = 700/o de Vcc A vertl gsementN e j amai ssoumettrel a sonde logiqued
une tensi onsup6ri eurea 15 V C C .
l mp 6 danc ed' ent r de 1 0 0 k i l o h ms
L a rg e urd' im puls iond 6 te c ta b l e
mi n i m ale 50 ns
Fr6 q u enc ed' ent r 6em a x i ma l e 1 0 MH z
Mo d e im puls ions / no rm a l p a r s e l e c teur
Co u ra ntd' at t ent em a x . d ' a l i me n ta ti o n 1 0 m Ai 5 V
3 0 mA a 1 5V
Co u ra ntm ax im ald' u ti l i s a ti o n 2 0 mA a 5 V
8 0 mA i 1 5 V

T ous dr or t sr es e rv e s1 9 8 5 ,T a n d y C o rp o ra ti o n

a
a
 EN CAS DE PROBLEMES
S i l a sonde l ogi quene sembl epas foncti onner
normal ement,appl i querl es consei l ssui va nt s:
*ll*-
1. S ' assurerque l a sonde l ogi queest bi en br anch6eou
mi se d l a masse.
2. S i l e voyanta D E L P U LS Ecl i gnotesans ar r t pour
un 6tat l ogi que,I' al i mentati on peut avoir besoind'un
fi l tragesuppl 6mentai re (brui t trop 6l evepr ovenant
de I' al i mentati on).
3. S ' assurerque l e probl emene provi entp as du cir cuit
veri fi e.P ar exempl e,si l e ci rcui t ou l e d isposit ifest
F16ouence
de compl dtementen panne,aucun voyantd DEL ne
s' al l umera.
Fig. 5 lmpulsion n6gatlve

Fig. 6 lmpulslon posltive

14 15
COMMENTUTILISER
LA SONDELOGIQUE
1 . Bra nc herla s onde lo g i q u ed e l a fa g o n d e c ri te 5. P our anal yserl e pourcentaged' uti l i sat iond'un t r ain
p r6 c 6dem m ent . d' i mpul si ons,on peut comparerl e ni veaud'int ensit 6
2 . R6 g lerle s 6lec t eurd e ty p e d e d i s p o s i ti fa C MOS ou l umi neusedu voyantrouge d D E L H IGH d celui du
TTL / LS s uiv antla f a mi l l ed e c i rc u i tsl o g i q u e sa voyant vert i DEL LOW.
ve ri fi er . S i l e voyantrouge d D E L H IGH est pl u s br illantque
3 . Me tt r ele s 6lec t eurd e mo d e a N OR M ALo u PU L SE l e voyanta D E L LOW , I' i mpul si ona un e dur 6e olus
En m ode P ULS E ,la s o n d e l o g i q u ed 6 te c te ral e longue a I'etathaut. Si le voyant vert A DEL LOW est
n i veaulogiquedu t r a i n d ' i m p u l s i o n sEn . mo d e pl us bri l l antque l e voyantrouge d D E L HI G H,
n o rm al.elle indioue ral e n i v e a uC C . I' i mpul si ona une pl us l onguedur6e A l '6t atbas.
4. Ap p l iquerI ' ex t 16m i te m6 ta l l i q u ee x p o s e ed e l a s o nce A V E R TIS S E ME N T:N e j amai sappti quera t a point ede
l o g i q ues ur le point d u c i rc u i tT T L /L S d v 6 ri fre rSr te touche de l a sonde l ogi queune tensi onsu p6r ieur ea
vo ya nta DE L LO W ( v e rt)s ' a l l u mee t q u e l a s o n d e cel l e de l a sourced' al i mentati on.
fa i t ent endr eune t on a l i t6g ra v e ,c e l a s i g n i fi e q u e l e
n i ve aues t plus bas q u e l a te n s i o nd e s e u i l d ' e n v i r on ETAT U tr J U EL
SO N
0 .8 v olt . S i le v oy an ta D E L H IGH (ro u g e )s ' a l i u m eet H IGH LOW P U LS E
q u 'u net onalit 6aigu e s e fa i t e n te n d re ,c e l a i n d i q u e
o a o a) Lo9rque 0 aucune rmpulsron
u n n iv eauau- des s u sd u s e u i l d ' e n v i ro n2 .2 v o l ts .S i
l e ci r c uit d v er if iere s t d u ty p e C MOS /M O S ,o n a O o o o )ll Logrque"l aucune rmp! sron

a l o rs les v aleur ss ui v a n te s : o o o o Pornl verii6 en c[cutt ouvert

Srgnalhors tolerances
Sonde non branchde
ETAT BAS = 30% Vcc
Elnr HRur = 7oolo
Vcc ao a On d e ca r r e e a ve c rmp!lsrons

OO o Logrque 0 a ve c r mpulsrons

Si a u cu n v oy antne s ' a l l u m ee t a u c u n eto n a l i t6n e s e ao o Logrque 'l a ve c r mpulsrons

fa i t e n tendr e,c ' es tque l e n i v e a us e s i tu e e n tre l e s
te n si o nsde s euil ou qu e l e c i rc u i t e s t o u v e rt.S i l e SYM BO LE
vo ya n t P ULS E( jaune)d D E L c l i g n o te ,c e l a i n d i q u eun DEL S ON
tra i n d 'i m puls ionsau n o e u d d e v 6 ri fi c a ti o n(l e s 6 l e c t eur
de mo d e es t d la pos it i o nPU L SE ). O Voy ant 6ter nt O Pas de s o n
a Voy ant al l um e 6) ) ) T onal i t e a i g u d
r Voy ant c l i gnotan: a) T onal i t e g ra v e
a T onal i t e

F i g. 1 - Inte.gr e'al l . des D EL et des ton a l rt e s

RECHERCHEDES PANNES
DES CIRCUITSNUMERIQUES
1. Analyse de porle statlque 2. Analyse dynamlque de porte
On d oit c onnait r ela ta b l e d e v 6 ri t6(u n i a b l e a ud es
6 ta t sde s or t ieen f o n c ti o nd ' u n e e n trd ed o n n e e ) L' anal ysestati quepeut l ai ssercroi re qu' une por t e
p o u r un t y pe par t t c u l i e rd e P o rte . foncti onne(ni veaud' entreeC C constant)bien qu'en
L e s t ablesde logr q u el e s p l u s c o u ra n te ss o n t: r6al i t6l e ci rcui t soi t d6tectueux(si gnald'ent r 6epulse) .
La fi gure 2 i l l ustrecommentun i nverseurt r ansf or m e
une i mpul si onn6gati veen une i mpul si onposit ive.Tous
ces rensei gnements sont donnespar l a so nde logique.
OU '.: '.-=-
-:- ^ ra
AbL

L? -
."- .

_ -: -
- .i

i
c c,-o- -

m>
_ L O - H l _ H l. -
.H'-Lo.!l- _ 1 -.c - -
HI HI HI HI H .:
.

TNVEFSi- =
N O N - OU INVERSEUR
AU
*Lo -
LO HI -r"- lLC
:J',"N. LO
HI LO
ffl
-
LO

LO
_.19_
HI

aH{ r{ Fig.2 Foncilonnemenld'un Invergeur

ET
r; l-;-rc-
-_-
LO LO LO
-io -
H, Lo
HI LO LO

HI HI HI

Un e fo is que la s onde l o g i q u ea re p d r6u n e a n o ma l i e
d a n s l e c ir c uit ,on doit p a r l a s u i te d 6 te rm i n e rs i
I'a n o m alies e t r ouv eda n s l e c i rc u i t i n t6 g reo u d a n s un
co u rt-c ir c uitex t 6r ieu ra u n o e u d .P a r e x e mp l e ,s i l a
sortie d'une porte est toujours d I'etatbas, alors soit
q u e l a por t e es t d6f ectu e u s es, o i t q u e l e c i rc u i t i mp ri me
j u sq u 'aunoeud es t en c o u rt-c i rc u i td I' e ta tl o g i q u ebas
Po u r d 6t er m inerla pa n n e ,o n p e u t d 6 b ra n c h e rl a
b ro ch edu Cl A v er if ie re t u ti l i s e re n s u i l el a s o n d e
l o g i q u epour analy s e rl a s o rti ed 6 b ra n c h 6 e .
L 'u sa ged' un g6n6r at e u dr ' i mp u l s i o n sl o g i q u e s(c o mmel e
Mi cro n t a22- 304)peut v o u s p e rm e ttred e d e te rm i n er
e n co replusf ac ilem enlte s tro u b l e se n v o u s p e rme ttantde
co n trolerle pas s agedu s i g n a ld a n s l e c i rc u i t.U n mo de
es t f ou rn i a v e c l e o e n d ra te u r
d 'e mo loiddt ail16
d 'i mp uls ionslogiques .
CONSEILS
POURLA DETECTION
DES
PANNESDESCIRCUITS
NUMERIQUES
1. A vec l es di sposi ti fsa C MOS ,raccordert out es les
entr6esinutilis6esa Vcc ou d la masse.Les entrdes
non connect6espeuvententrai nerun
foncti onnementi 1169ul i er du di sposi ti f.
2. P our l es di sposi ti fsTTL/LS ,toutes l es ent r 6es
doi vent6tre raccord6es.S i une entr6edoit t oujour s
6tre A l ' 6tathaut, l a raccordera V cc. S i u ne ent r 6e
doit toujours Ctrea I'etatbas, la raccorderd la
masse.S i l e di sposi ti fTTLILS conti entdes por t es
OU , E T ou N ON -E T,raccordertoutes l e s sor t ies
i nuti l i s6esd une entr6een servi cesur l e m 6m e
di soosi ti.f
3. D es probl emesd' al i mentati on sont souventA
I' ori gi nede pannesdans l es ci rcui tsnum 6r iques.
S ' assurerque I' al i mentati on de chaqued isposit ifse
si tue dans l es l i mi tesrecommand6es (un e m asse
sous tensi onconsti tueaussiun probl dm ecour ant ) .
4. P our l ocal i serrapi dementun probl emedans un
ci rcui t num6ri que,on peut commencerA la sor t ieet
remontervers I' entrde.S i l e ci rcui t est att aquepar
un mul ti vi brateur, veri fi erd' abordl a sortiede ce
derni er,pui s passerd l a sorti edu ci rcuit et r em ont er
vers I'entree.
 SURLES
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L e s ci rc uit snum 6r iqu e ss o n t d e s d i s p o s i ti fsn o n
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C o mm e I ' indiquela f ig u re 3 , s i l a te n s i o na u g m e n teen
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L a te ns ionr eellede ce c h a n g e me n d t ' e ta tc o n s ti tu el a
te n si o nde s euil de la fa m i l l e(e n g 6 n 6 ra l0 .8 V p o u r
l '6 ta tb as et 2. 2V pou r l ' 6 ta th a u t d a n s l a fa mi l l eT TL.
et 300/opour I'etat bas et 700/cpour l'6tat haut dans la
fa mi l l eCM O S ) qui s e d 6 fi n i ta i n s i :
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l o g i q ue0 d I ' et atlogi q u e .

Po u r la v er if ic at ions ta ti q u ed ' u n e o o rte ,o n fe ra i t

p a sse rA d I ' et athaut 1 + y ; e t o n te ra i t p a s s e rC d e I ' etat
b a s a l ' 6t athaut .P ou r u n e v 6 ri fi c a ti o nd y n a mi q u ed' une
p o rte ,on peut s oum e ttreA a d e s i m p u l s i o n sc a rr6 e set
d 6 cl e nc herC. La por te e s t d 6 fe c tu e u s es ' i l n e s e
p ro d u it auc un c hang e m e n st i I' a mp l i tu d ed e l ' o n d e C onducteur
ca rr6 een A pas s epa r l a te n s i o nd e d 6 c l e n c h e me nt noi r de l a sonde
VTL .

Fig. 3 V6rlficalionstatiqueel dynamique

't0
Da n s u ne f am illedon n 6 e ,l a p o rtee s t d d fe c tu e u s esi el l e U n trai n d' i mpul si onsposi ti vesavec un pour cent age
p ro d uit des ph6nomd n e stra n s i to i re sd a n s l a re g i o n non d'utilisation de 500/odevient un train d'ondes negatives
d e fi n ie( v oir la f igur e4 p o u r l e s C M O S ).Pa r e x e mpl e,un l orsque l e pourcentaged' uti l i sati ondevi ent inf 6r ieurd
ci rcu i tHT L a des s eu i l sd e 8 .5 Ve t d e 6 .5 V ,q u i s e c o mpa- 500/o.Par exemple, un train d'ondes positives avec un
rent avantageusement aux valeursde70o/o et 300/o de com- pourcentaged' uti l i sati onde 75o/oest 6qui va lenta un t r ain
mu ta tiond' un CM O S . d' ondesn69ati vesdont l e pourcentaged' utilisat ionest de
25o/o.
L 'a n a ly s ed' un t r ain d ' i mp u l s i o n sc o mp o rted e u x
a sp e c t s :la f r 6quenced e re p 6 ti ti o ne t l a d u re e (te l
q u 'i l l u s t r 6i la f igur e5 ). L e ra ti o d e l a d u r6 e d l a
fr6 q u enc ede r 6p6t it i o ne s t s o u v e n ta p p e l 6l e 12
o Fami l l eC MOS
p o u rc ent aged' ut ilis a ti o nAi . n s i , d a n s I' a n a l y s ed ' u n e
o n d e c ar r 6e,la dur 6e6 q u i v a u td l a m o i ti 6 d u 5 10
p o u rc ent agede la f r 6 q u e n c ed e re p 6 ti ti o ne t a , p a r o
o
co n s6quent un , pour c e n ta g ed ' u ti l i s a ti o nd e 5 0 0 /0L.a DB
fr6 q u enc ede r 6pet it i o nc o i n c i d ea v e c l a fr6 q u e n c edu E tat l ogi que" 1"
tra i n d' ondes .E n out re , I' i m p u l s i o ne s t d i te n 6 g a ti v e
(e ta t bas ) s i le niv ea ul o g i q u ere s teh a u t p e n d a n tl a A6
p l u s g r ande par t iedu c y c l e e t l e s i mp u l s i o n sb a s s es o)
(vo i r figur e 5) . Dans l e c a s i n v e rs e e , l l e e s t d i te p o s i ti ve r4
(e ta t haut ) c om m e I ' i n d i q u el a fi g u re 6 . '6
62 tat l ogi que"0"
L e s voy ant sa DE L ( 6 ta t h a u t,6 ta t b a s ) a u ro n t d e s t-

i n te ns it 6sr elat r v espr o p o rti o n n e l l eas u p o u rc e n ta g e

d 'u ti l is at ion.P ar ex emp l e ,s i c e p o u rc e n ta g ee s t d e 100: 2 4 6 810' ,t2 14 16
d I'e tatn6gat if ,alor s l e v o y a n td ' e ta th a u t a u ra l a p l us
g ra n de int ens it epar ce q u e l e v o y a n td ' e ta tb a s n ' e st Tenslon d'allmentatlon
a l l u m eque pendant1 0 0 /o d u te m p s .Av e c l a r6 d u c t i on Flgure 4 Tension de polnle de sonde en
d e l a f r 6quenc e( au-d e s s o u sd e 4 0 H z ),l e tra n s fe rtree fonctlon de la tension d'allmenlatlonpour
d e s d iodesd' et athau t e t d ' 6 ta tb a s p e u t s e re m a rq uera une famllle de CMOS
I'o e i l .T out ef or s I, a du r6 ed u v o y a n t d ' 6 ta th a u t
re l a ti v em entau v oy a n td ' 6 ta tb a s e s t to u i o u rs
p ro p or t ionnelleau po u rc e n ta g ed ' u ti l i s a ti o n .

tz 13