Kayleigh Hasson

October 10, 2016

Period 6
Annotated Source List

American Bar Association. American Bar Association, 2016, www.americanbar.org/aba.html.

Web. 2 Oct. 2016.

The American Bar Association (ABA) website gives an overview of the association,
including its history, values, mission, goals, career opportunities, and departments. It also
presents relevant information regarding current events and news in the field of law. One page of
the website outlines the different types of ABA groups and leadership positions and how they
strive to improve the legal profession. The Advocacy page describes the efforts of the ABA and
the Governmental Affairs Office to lobby Congress and advocate ABA policy on issues of
interest. A sidebar on this page lists specific groups whose interests are championed by the ABA
in accordance with the ABAs motto, Defending Liberty Pursuing Justice. This list includes
political and legal reforms for which the ABA has helped create or defend policy. Another page
on the site is dedicated to news stories and ABA news releases. The website also contains
resources for lawyers, law publications, and opportunities for educational courses. The resources
on the website are provided for the benefit of ABA members as well as the general public.
This website is extremely useful because of the variety and number of resources that can
be found within the site. For each category listed on the Advocacy page, such as domestic
violence, homelessness, immigration, and disability rights, the American Bar Association has a
commission formed specifically to address that topic, and each commission page has its own
plethora of resources such as news, announcements, articles, and upcoming events. The website
gives contact information, too, which could be helpful to answer questions I have concerning a
specific topic. I found the ABAs Commission on Domestic and Sexual Violence page especially
helpful because this is the topic I have chosen to focus my research on. The page has news
articles relevant to domestic violence court cases and investigative proceedings, which will be
important for my research. The Useful Websites page on the ABA website, very true to its
name, provides over 50 links to other sites containing more information about organizations and
resources related to domestic violence.

Bagley, Katherine. Personal interview. 26 October 2016.

Katherine Bagley, who currently works in the district courthouse, graduated college from
Loyola University Maryland with a Bachelor of Arts in Theology, Political Science/Classical
Civilizations, and Catholic Studies. She then graduated from University of Baltimore School of
Law. Prior to law school, she held office jobs doing clerical work, worked for doctors and
assisted them with clerical work as well as research for their scholarly papers, and interned with
the Chief Judge of Baltimore City Circuit Court while he was handling criminal felony trials.
During law school she held various jobs and internships, including working for firms that
handled family law, social security law, personal injury, criminal defense, and medical
malpractice. She also interned for the Magistrates of the Baltimore City Juvenile Justice Center
and worked as a research assistant for a criminal defense attorney who was creating a treatise on
criminal law. Each of those positions lasted between a semester (3-4 months) and a year. After
graduating law school, she clerked for a judge in Howard County Circuit Court for about 20
months, then for about 16 months she worked as an associate attorney for a small firm that
primarily handled adult guardianship cases, while also working in family law and some criminal
defense, and representing patients at state forensic hospitals and a state residential, clinical, and
educational program for children and adolescents with psychological and behavioral disabilities.
Since September 2015, she has been an Assistant States Attorney for Howard County. She
primarily works in District Court, where she prepares for court, tries misdemeanor criminal and
serious traffic matters, and represents the State in bail review hearings and initial appearances
before commissioners. She also handles cases in Circuit Court when her trials in District Court
appeal. She is the supervisor for interns in District Court, where she is specifically assigned to
handle mental health cases. This involves working with defense attorneys, victims, and a District
Court judge to resolve legal issues. These issues arise when defendants are found incompetent to
stand trial or may not be criminally responsible for the crimes they have committed due to a
mental disorder or intellectual disability.

Blount, Natasha. Personal interview. 19 Oct 2016.

Natasha Blount, my mentor, majored in communications at University of Maryland,

College Park, and obtained her J.D. degree from University of Baltimore Law School. She
worked as a States Attorney Law Clerk for 3 years, first for Baltimore County for 2 years,
then in Baltimore City. Next, she was a Domestic Violence Clinic attorney for the Womens Law
Center for one year. She has been working for the Howard County States Attorneys Office for
the past three years. In the District Court, she handled daily criminal and serious traffic dockets
twice a week, as well case and witness preparation. This past summer she was moved up to
Circuit Court, where she handles jury trials and felonies. This involves a lot of preparation and
meeting with witnesses. The cases are more serious and in-depth, so more time is given to each
case. Her current position is on the jury trial prayer unit which deals with the same cases she
was accustomed to working with in district court - the cases originate in district but move to
circuit court either if the defendant prays a jury trial or the case must be worked out at a
settlement conference. Ms. Blount is also assigned 1-2 felony cases each week, which she
screens, charges, and indicts, which involves presenting the case to the grand jury who then votes
as to whether there is enough evidence to charge.
"Center for Changing Our Campus Culture." Changing Our Campus, 2015,
www.changingourcampus.org/. Accessed 29 Oct. 2016.

The Center for Changing Our Campus Culture (the Center) is an organization sponsored
by the Department of Justices Office on Violence Against Women in collaboration with the
Centers Campus Program Technical Assistance Provider Team to provide resources to
colleges and universities on sexual assault, domestic violence, dating violence, and stalking.
Sources of the Centers information include the Department of Justice, the Department of
Education, the Department of Health and Human Services, and the Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention. The Center gathers information for campus administration, faculty, staff, and
law enforcement, as well as victim service providers, students, and parents. Their mission is to
change the culture on campuses, as it is currently too tolerant of violence and sexual assault. In
order to accurately inform campuses, the Center has sought out the latest research and the
opinions of experts in the field. Information given to campuses includes sample policies,
protocols, best practices, and further instructions to access training opportunities or technical
assistance. Institutions can then replicate or adapt those tools in their efforts to end sexual
assault, domestic violence, dating violence, and stalking on their campuses.
This website was very helpful. Though it does focus on sexual assaults on college
campuses rather than teen dating violence, it is still relevant to dating violence research. The
website is well organized and includes information about different topic areas, federal
departments, stakeholders, upcoming events, and additional resources. There are also options to
contact the site or get help immediately by calling a hotline. The plethora of resources provided
are especially useful to conduct further research. The website was very informative and
distinguished between sexual assault, domestic violence, dating violence, and stalking by clearly
defining each separate issue. On those pages, the site added fact sheets and statistics, which I
found extremely useful and easy to understand. This site was also helpful in that it drew
connections to governmental agencies that are involved in efforts to end domestic violence.

Conyers, John, Jr., and Brian Martin. Preventing Domestic Violence Must Begin with the
Children. Hill 4 Nov. 2011: 16. Global Issues in Context. Web. 24 Oct. 2016.

This article, written by John Conyers, a member of the House Judiciary Committee, and
Brian Martin, founder and chairman of the Makers of Memories Foundation, focuses on the issue
of childhood exposure to domestic violence. With states such as Kansas and California
eliminating funding for domestic violence prevention programs, the authors believe it is
especially important to address the problem of domestic violence, especially when children are
affected. The article listed monetary and other costs of domestic violence: the United States
spends over $600 billion to cover costs of ER visits, criminal justice expenses, mental health
services, and other expenses as a result of what the authors refer to as the domestic violence
epidemic. The authors assert that the end to the cycle of violence must begin with the children
instead of focusing on adults, as over 75% of children raised in violent homes will become
violent or abusive adults. Domestic violence alters childrens nervous systems and brain
chemistry because it triggers physical and emotional reactions, causing their systems to be
flooded with the stress hormones adrenaline and cortisol. As a result, the children have
heightened levels of fear and anger, which becomes unhealthy and can have lifelong
consequences of altered behavior. The article ends with a call to action to continue the dialogue
and raise awareness to help children impacted by domestic violence.
This article was useful in that it discussed the impacts of domestic violence on youth. It
also included information about legislation, the Violence Against Women Act. The author was
planning to propose a reauthorization bill to increase focus on addressing the needs of youth. In
addition, the article enumerates practical ways to help children living with abuse. Some of these
methods include working with teachers, counselors, and mental health providers. Another
advantage of this article was that it included many different statistics. For instance, according to
the article, children raised in homes where they witness or experience domestic violence are 50
times more likely to abuse alcohol or drugs and six times more likely to commit suicide.
Furthermore, 90% of prison inmates reportedly experienced domestic violence as children.
Another staggering number is that 63% of convicted murderers between ages of 11 and 20 killed
the man abusing their mothers. These numbers are quantitative proof of the abstract yet very
valid problem that is domestic violence.

"Empowering Youth to End Domestic Violence." Break the Cycle, 2014,

www.breakthecycle.org/. Accessed 22 Oct. 2016.

The Break the Cycle website provides information about the organization and how it
helps to prevent domestic violence. Some of the ways the organization helps prevent dating
violence is through youth leadership, education, training, legal services, policy, and advocacy.
The website also gives information about dating violence. It lists warning signs of dating abuse,
explains how alarmingly common dating violence is, and summarizes recent research on dating
violence. It also explains legal protections, how to help a friend who may be involved in a
violent relationship, and how to approach the topic of pornography with children. Another
section of pages on the website is dedicated to ideas on how to take action. There are
opportunities for young people and older adults; as the website states, different age groups face
different problems in their relationships. Additionally, the website has a Build Capacity tab,
which deals with training and technical assistance.
This website is a very useful resource in general for a variety of reasons. For one, it
focused on youth as the audience, which will be the case for this research project. An extremely
useful resource found on this website was an entire page of materials specifically designed for
students. This page includes about a dozen printable sheets for students at different points in their
understanding of healthy relationships. These materials have incredible potential for use in a
seminar or class environment. The website linked to many other resources as well, which is
helpful because those resources deal with similar subject matter. Furthermore, the site included
statistics and visuals that catch the attention of viewers. The website was aesthetically appealing,
neatly organized, easy to navigate, and generally informative.

Gavin, Kara. Teen Dating Violence Cuts Both Ways. University of Michigan, 8 July 2014.
Web. 22 Oct. 2016.

This article focuses on rebuking the assumption that dating violence mainly affects girls.
It gave several examples and statistics to support the claim that both boys and girls are involved
in teen dating violence. In a survey of over 4,000 teens seeking emergency care, nearly one in six
in a relationship reported that theyd experienced some kind of dating violence. The article
discusses the prevalence of violence in teen relationships as discovered in emergency room
screenings. One in five young women and one in eight young men said they had either been the
victim or aggressor in a violent situation in the last year with a romantic partner. Teen girls who
had sought emergency care for an intentional injury had twice the odds of reporting violence in
their dating relationships. The article suggests that emergency departments could potentially be
key in screening for dating violence, even though many victims do not want to disclose
information regarding how they were injured. Due to findings like this, in 2015, the top national
panel for preventative health services recommended that health care providers ask all women
between the ages of 14 and 46 about relationship violence, and newer studies point to similar
recommendations for screening men as well. The article concludes by describing tools currently
being developed to enable teens to reduce domestic violence.
This article was very helpful because of its specificity and relevance to the topic of teen
dating violence. The article emphasized that domestic violence affects people of both genders,
which is an important aspect of research concerning teen dating violence. Additionally, it
included many useful statistics, which could be used to garner the attention of an audience during
a presentation. The article provided supplementary resources such as the National Domestic
Violence Hotline and Love is Respect, which could lead to more pertinent information. An
interesting aspect of the article was that it suggested a new and unique approach to identifying
relationship violence: screening during emergency room visits. However, there are several
problems with this approach: as the article noted, questions would have to be tailored to victims
of domestic violence and asked in a sensitive way to encourage victims to give up information
about violence in their relationships. Furthermore, only asking teens who are seeking emergency
care would not yield accurate findings; emergency room visitors are not necessarily
representative of all teens who experience dating violence, as many teens refuse treatment for
dating violence-related injuries. Overall, the articles focus on domestic violence as it pertains to
teen relationships was especially helpful to my research.
Grieve, Fergus. Analyzing the Psyche of Risky Drivers. McGill University, McGill Newsroom,
26 Apr. 2016. Web. 11 Sept. 2016.

This article examines the behavioral patterns of individuals with several drunk driving
offenses. As the article stated, repeat offenders contribute to a disproportionate number of
preventable deaths and injuries. Researchers found that repeat drunk driving or speeding
offenders have distinct personalities and behaviors that lend themselves to high risk behavior,
leading to civil citations and even serious traffic convictions. The drivers did not consider
themselves to be risk takers, which researchers argue is a main contributing factor to their denial
that they need to change. The study measured cortisol levels in four different groups of men aged
19-39, grouped by their typical driving behaviors and prior traffic convictions; one group was
comprised of men with at least two drunk driving convictions, another was made up of men who
had been caught speeding or committing another moving traffic violation at least three times
within the past two year, the third group was men whose driving histories included both types of
offenses, and the last group was simply a control group of low-risk drivers. The results indicated
that each of these groups had a different emotional and behavioral profile, so each type of
high-risk driver would respond best to different treatment strategies developed taking those
profiles into consideration.
This article was interesting, but not particularly helpful. The results described in the
article were intriguing and researchers in psychiatric and neurological fields will likely benefit
from the studys findings, and the information about the different types of offenses (drunk
driving, speeding, and other moving traffic violations) pertains to cases like some of the ones I
have been able to watch at my internship, especially at the district courthouse with the serious
traffic docket. Driving under the influence or driving while intoxicated is a crime for which I
have seen many settlement trials in circuit court. However, the article itself was centered more
on the biological aspects of drunk drivers and not on legal aspects or the crimes themselves,
which would be more relevant to my research. Moreover, serious traffic is unlikely to be a
central topic of focus in my research. Parts of this article could potentially be useful if I find the
need to use data regarding the influence of drugs and alcohol on behavioral patterns; otherwise,
traffic offenses are unrelated to domestic violence, my area of study. The subject matter of the
article was interesting but mostly irrelevant to law and the topic at hand.

"Grim Global Picture: Violence against Women." Bulletin of the World Health Organization
July 2013: 469. Global Issues in Context. Web. 24 Oct. 2016.

This bulletin, from the World Health Organization (WHO), discusses violence against
women on a global scale. It includes findings from a report regarding global and regional
estimates of violence against women. The report was developed by a partnership between WHO,
the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, and the South African Medical Research
Council, and it is the first of its kind to synthesize scientific data and conduct a global systematic
review on the prevalence of intimate partner violence and sexual violence by someone other than
a partner. The article included data from the report itself. For instance, about 35% of all women
worldwide have experienced either physical or sexual violence, if not both. Most of this violence
is inflicted by intimate partners. Almost one third of women in relationships worldwide
experience violence, and the number reaches up to 38% of women in some regions. The article
reports that the findings of this study confirm that intimate partner violence affects women
throughout the world and contributes to womens health problems. The findings suggest that
intimate partner violence is directly related to mental health issues such as suicidal thoughts and
depression, as well as sexual and reproductive health problems. Those problems could include
maternal and neonatal health issues.
This article was useful in that it provided information about a wide range of domestic
violence problems. Specifically, the report summarized in the article included findings not only
about intimate partner violence but also about non-partner sexual violence. The statistics in the
article were also particularly useful because they are unexpectedly jarring: nearly one third of
women worldwide experience violence in their romantic relationships. Knowing facts such as
these could potentially prove useful in presenting research regarding domestic violence. The
article was also useful in that it gave examples of the consequences of domestic violence,
including mental health problems and sexual and reproductive health problems in women, which
serves as a way to measure or quantify the effects of such violence. The only shortcoming of this
article is its brevity; otherwise, the information was relevant and specific.

Groat, Julie. "A Forensic Nurse Explains: What Goes into Collecting a Rape Kit." Interview by
Anna Clark. Elle, Hearst Communications, 27 June 2016,
www.elle.com/life-love/a36616/collect-rape-kit/. Accessed 4 Oct. 2016.

This article, posted on the American Bar Association websites domestic violence page,
gives insight into collecting a rape kit, which is a sensitive aspect of dealing with sexual assaults
medically and legally. The article is actually a condensed version of an interview with forensic
nurse Julie Groat, who explains the process of collecting rape kits at the nonprofit organization
SAFE, where she is a program director. Groat describes the steps each patient goes through.
First, they review the patients medical history and the incident itself. The forensic nurses then
do physical exams and collect clothing and swabs from the patient. They listen to the patient for
any information that could be of note in an investigation, such as specific behaviors of a rapist.
The patients also are offered contraceptive care and STD prevention options, and nurses later
follow up with social workers. After the exam, the organization communicates with law
enforcement if a rape kit has been completed, and the kit is transported to a crime lab to be
processed and eventually picked up by police. Groat also gave her opinions on the emotional side
of talking to patients and helping them make difficult decisions such as whether or not to take an
STD test or accept any of the other services provided by SAFE.
This article proved to be very pertinent to my research because it included a lot of
information about the legal aspects of sexual assault, including recent legislation, the relationship
between labs and law enforcement, and testifying in court about sexual assault. The medical
aspects of the article will not be as important to my research, but they did help me understand the
overall topic and furthered my knowledge of different parts of the process of dealing with
domestic violence. As for the legal issues, Groat told the interviewer that everyone dreaded the
court portion and having to testify, which is understandable based on what Ive seen of domestic
violence trials. It can be very emotional and disturbing at times. As the article stated, the medical
personnel must remain unbiased and simply provide impartial information from the charts they
compiled from patients appointments to law enforcement or a jury. Another important facet of
the article was its emphasis on the fact that sexual assault is being talked about more and more
instead of being swept under the rug as it has been in the past, and this is a pattern one can
observe when keeping up with current news about domestic violence issues.

Henion, Andy. Teen Dating Abuse May Limit Future Earnings. Michigan State, 28 August 2013.
Print.

This article described potential effects of teen dating abuse. According to a recent study
by Michigan State University, women who were victims of dating violence as teenagers may
ultimately receive less education and earn lower wages. These findings suggest that programs
should be established to support education and career development for victims of dating
violence. Adrienne Adams, lead researcher and assistant professor of psychology at Michigan
State, points out that a partner could directly hinder a young womens education performance by
destroying books or homework or injuring her to prevent her from going to school. Since they
were unable to obtain a job that would allow them to financially sustain themselves, they would
go back to their abusive relationships, and the cycle would continue.
This article was pertinent to the topic of dating violence because it demonstrated possible
effects of dating violence on the victims futures. The researchers predicted that dating violence
in teen years would cause women to earn less money later in life, and the article provided
numbers to support those predictions. The study was on survey data of about 500 single mothers
who were an average of 32 years old and earned under $7,000 a year. The study found that those
who had been victimized by dating partners in their adolescence had obtained a significantly
lower amount of education. Conversely, the study also found that for each additional year of
education, the women earned $855 more per year. These findings indicate that education is
essential to helping victims of dating violence reestablish themselves and remain independent.
The article does, however, focus entirely on women, which makes it less useful than it would be
if it included data on men as well.
Henion, Andy. Why Victims of Domestic Abuse Go to Prison. Michigan State, 25 June 2015.
Print.

This report discusses the correlation between domestic abuse and crime rates. Researcher
DeJong argues that the justice system is waging a war on women, as it seems that arrests of
women have increased dramatically. This could be due to domestic abuse laws, originally meant
to protect female victims, but more commonly being used to convict women for defending
themselves against assault. The article explains that arrest rates for men decreased 12.5%
between 1993 and 2012, while arrest rates for women increased 26.7%, according to FBI data.
The author attributes this to police practices and dual arrest policies. The article then suggests
that laws such as rape shield laws should be extended to domestic violence cases so that
womens sexual activity cannot be used against them in court, and rape victims should be treated
seriously and have a safe and fair opportunity to report the crime and prosecute their attacker.
This article was somewhat useful; it did relate to domestic violence and the effects of
laws and cultural constructs on women, all of which are very relevant topics to research on teen
dating violence. However, the article and the researchers it cited did not by any means present
the information without bias. The researchers involved in this study seemed to feel very strongly
that the system was waging a war on women, and it was difficult to take their point of view
seriously because they were so argumentative and misandrist. Though they did use reputable
sources such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation, one hesitates to accept the researchers
conclusions as accurate due to their extreme viewpoints. Nonetheless, the information presented
was interesting and concerning at the same time, and pointed to a drastic inconsistency between
intent and actual impact of legislation and policies.

"HopeWorks of Howard County." We Are Hope Works, 2016, www.wearehopeworks.org.

Accessed 5 Oct. 2016.

The HopeWorks website is a resource not only for victims of domestic violence but also
for those seeking to educate themselves or get involved in the community. HopeWorks is an
organization formed to aid victims of domestic violence, and it evolved from the Domestic
Violence Center in 2013, which in turn began as a small group called Citizens Against Spousal
Assault (CASA) in 1978. The HopeWorks Board, staff, volunteers, local government, and the
community of Howard County work together to achieve their goals. Their mission is to provide
support and advocacy for Howard County residents affected by sexual and intimate partner
violence and to bring about change in the community in order to prevent such violence from
occurring. They believe that violence is a learned behavior which can be altered by intervention
programs. They also make it a priority to improve laws and government policies benefiting
victims of abuse or violence. Another core belief represented on the HopeWorks website is that
recognizing and valuing diversity is important; they strive to create an environment in which
everyone feels respected. The website gives information about their background, services they
provide, news, events, and ways to get involved or to donate.
This website is a very useful resource because it provides a lot of information and
resources about domestic violence. Moreover, HopeWorks is a local organization which I could
potentially partner with during my preparation for a final project. The Events page is
particularly useful in this aspect because it lists dates and information for upcoming events being
held by HopeWorks. HopeWorks also provides educational workshops, including ones
specifically tailored to teens about dating violence and sexual violence, among other topics, and
a Youth Leadership program in which teens have the opportunity to work more directly with
HopeWorks and serve as outreach specialists themselves. There are many different ways to get
involved, which are extremely helpful to my research because I may use them as examples to
promote community involvement in ending dating violence. The website is informative and easy
to navigate, and it opens the door to possibilities of additional outreach.

Howard County, Maryland. Howard County, Maryland, 2016,

https://www.howardcountymd.gov/Home. Web. 1 Oct. 2016.

The Howard County government website provides information about the government and
events around the county. On the website, residents can find upcoming events and meetings,
search for news in specific categories, and contact their local government officials in a variety of
ways, The website also lists the twelve departments of the Howard County Government, each of
which has its own page. In addition to informing people of the government departments, the
website includes an extensive list of other services Howard County provides. Residents can use
the website to educate themselves on current key topics and legislation, as well as the
governmental structure. The executive branch consists of the County Executive, as pictured in
the top left corner of the website: Allan H. Kittleman. The legislative branch is the county
council, which makes main governing decisions by voting on proposed legislation. The website
also gives explanations about the branches of government, each of which have separate sets of
web pages.
This website is very helpful, as it gives background information about the governmental
system I am involved with through my internship. It links to other websites that provide similar
but perhaps more specific information, such as the Maryland Courts website. A useful tool on the
Howard County Government Website is the search function, which I used to search states
attorney. I followed the first result given to the Office of The States Attorney page. This page
describes the place of my internship, and I found it very useful to read the formal description of
the offices purposes and obligations. Not only did I simply read information I had already
known, I learned new information, too. For instance, if the State has evidence that may show the
defendant is innocent, they must show this evidence to the defense attorney; however, if the
defense attorney has evidence that shows their client is guilty, they do not have to give it to the
State. I found this information, as well as the rest of the page and the website as a whole,
extremely useful to me in my research (there is also extensive information concerning domestic
violence) and for my everyday experiences at my internship.

Hunt, Angie. Parent Violence Leads to Teen Dating Abuse. Iowa State, 29 Mar. 2013. Print.

This article summarizes a study, conducted by Iowa State University, regarding a

particular cause of teen dating abuse: parent violence. However, the research focuses on
psychological violence, not physical violence. Children exposed to psychological violence and
family stress are found to be more likely to be victimized or to be violent to their partner in their
teens up until their 30s. Researchers are troubled by the pattern that violence continues on to
each generation; children influenced by family stress grow up to have their children in turn
influenced by their parents poor relationships with their partners. The article then continues on
to detail other risk factors for dating violence. Those include gender and perception, which
impacts how violence is reported, as well as drug and alcohol use, academic difficulties, and lack
of parental monitoring. Teens having trouble in school or using alcohol or drugs are more likely
to perpetrate dating violence. The article ends after a brief analysis of existing dating violence
prevention programs.
This article was helpful because it identified several causes of teen dating violence, which
is a step towards finding an effective solution. Some of the causes discussed were parent
violence, negative personality, increased number of sexual partners, and involvement with
antisocial peers, among others listed above. The article was also useful in that it suggests ways to
prevent and eliminate dating violence. The researchers conclude that prevention and intervention
programs should target peers, families, and schools to be most effective, and earlier prevention is
needed. An interesting point brought up in the article was that one of the researchers, Brenda
Lohman, recommended that romantic relationship skills be taught in middle school, which
contrasts with the limited instruction students currently receive about dating relationships.

"Loveisrespect." Love Is Respect, National Domestic Violence Hotline & Break the Cycle, 2013,
www.loveisrespect.org/. Accessed 16 Oct. 2016.

The Love Is Respect website advocates for healthy relationships. Visitors to the website
can take interactive quizzes to determine how healthy their relationship is, whether or not they
are a good partner, if their abuser is really going to change, and the best ways to help a friend in
an abusive relationship. The site also enables visitors to get help, whether that be for themselves
or others. It provides information about dating, healthy relationships, and abuse. Additionally, it
describes consent, trust, setting boundaries, conflict resolution, power, texting and sexting, and
other topics. There are many other resources available on the site, including statistics about
dating abuse and other downloadable materials such as palm cards, bookmarks, posters, and
handouts.
This website is a very helpful source, as it could be used as resource for developing
positive and healthy relationships among teens. Additionally, it is extremely informative and
gives visitors access to a large number of resources. These resources, especially the
downloadable bookmarks and posters, could be used when preparing for a presentation or during
a research project. The website includes a broad base of background information as well as
information and statistics specific to my topic, which is teen dating violence. The tremendous
amount of information and its specificity to my topic make this website incredibly useful to my
research on teen dating violence. The website is also very interactive and interesting to navigate,
which makes it enjoyable to view and use.

Maryland Network Against Domestic Violence, mnadv.org. Accessed 23 Oct. 2016.

The Maryland Network Against Domestic Violence is a coalition of victim service

providers, professionals, and concerned citizens that has been working to prevent domestic
violence in Maryland for over 35 years. The Board of Directors of the MNADV includes a dozen
individuals dedicated to its cause. They range from law enforcement officers and attorneys to
social workers and community program representatives. Their mission is to reduce intimate
partner violence, family violence, and the harmful effects of these types of domestic violence on
Maryland citizens. The MNADV envisions that one day, violence will have no place in the
families and relationships of Maryland; instead, mutual trust and respect will be the foundations
of these relationships. They use education, training, resources, and advocacy in collaboration
with local, state, and national partners to raise awareness in hopes of ultimately eliminating
domestic violence in Maryland, which involves increasing the safety of victims and the
accountability of abusers. A major accomplishment of the MNADV is the Lethality Assessment
Program, a comprehensive strategy to identify victims of domestic violence and refer them to a
local service program that will effectively meet their individual needs and protect victims in
danger of serious injury or death.
The MNADV website is useful to a wide variety of visitors. It provides options for
victims of domestic violence to get help, informs others of upcoming events, details the
numerous services provided by the organization. It also gives information about domestic
violence as it relates to specific demographics and issues. The website includes pages about
domestic violence related laws, legislation, and public policy as well, which are especially
helpful in conducting research about legal aspects of domestic violence. Laws passed are
organized in chronological order and date back to 1980, when the first Maryland Civil Order of
Protection was passed. Additionally, the website includes a page dedicated to the effects of
domestic violence on children and teens. This page lists resources for teen dating relationships
and contact information for community educators by county, which could potentially be
extremely helpful during research and preparation for a presentation.

Murphy, Mary. Personal interview. 3 Oct. 2016.

Mary Murphy, my mentor, has been a prosecutor with the Howard County States
Attorneys Office in the Circuit Court division for nearly 25 years. After earning a bachelors
degree, magna cum laude, from Wheaton College and a J.D. degree from Georgetown University
Law Center, Murphy joined the States Attorneys Office in 1991 as an assistant states attorney.
She has prosecuted felony cases in areas ranging from property crime to narcotics, child abuse,
and homicide. In 2008, Murphy became the first woman to be appointed, by Howard County
State's Attorney Dario Broccolino, as the deputy states attorney for Howard County. She was
elected president of the Howard County Bar Association in 2012. That same year, Murphy was
also featured as a Leadership in Law winner in The Daily Record. Prior to being elected
president herself, she received the Presidents Award from the Howard County Bar Association
twice, as well as being named a Distinguished Prosecutor of the Year by the Howard County
Chamber of Commerce. Especially important to her are children who have been victims of
abuse; Murphy was head of the offices child abuse unit for several years, and she has also
served on the board of the child advocacy center for Howard County. She has mentored high
school students, who work at the court offices, since 2006 and is currently mentoring four
Howard County high school students through the Intern/Mentor program while continuing to
serve as deputy states attorney.

Neogy, Suniti. "Breaking the Cycle: Targeting Sources of Violence against Women." Harvard
International Review, Fall 2013, pp. 55-59.

This article in the Harvard International Review describes domestic violence in India. It
illustrates the horrifying prevalence of violence, abuse, and discrimination in India. The author
explains reasons behind the widespread acceptance of domestic violence and ways to break the
cycle of violence. Next, the article provides statistics from several studies and surveys centered
on gender-based violence, or GBV, and listed organizations such as CARE and Inner Spaces,
Outer Faces Initiatives (ISOFI) that advocate for victims of violence. The article then outlines
recommendations for reducing domestic violence. For example, the author believes that the
Indian government should provide mandatory courses on gender equity to health care providers
and educators. The author also addresses harmful gender stereotypes and asserts that those need
to be broken and that children need to have more positive role models in order to overcome the
violence and discrimination previous generations have faced.
The information in this article is only somewhat useful, as it does not pertain to the local
culture here in Howard County as much as it does the culture in India, which is the focus of the
article. However, the information is well-organized, clear, and seemingly reliable; numerous
sources such as the National Family Health Survey, an initiative called Join My Village, the
National Crime Records Bureau, and the Village Health and Sanitation Committee are cited.
Some of the methods described in this article could indeed be adapted for use in the United
States, even though violence here is outwardly much less accepted. For example, as Neogy states
in the article, men and boys should be educated and should be seen as potential allies in the fight
against domestic violence as opposed to viewing them as the enemy. Uniting against the issue of
domestic violence will likely prove much more effective than assigning blame.

Nonviolence: Building the Momentum. Rep. 2015 Annual Report. HopeWorks Howard County,
2015. Web. 17 Oct. 2016.

This report published by HopeWorks discusses the services HopeWorks provides and
gives examples of testimonials from survivors who sought help from HopeWorks. One page
describes the organizations mission, which is to advocate for people in Howard County affected
by domestic violence and bring about a change in the community towards violence prevention.
The next page outlines its principles: dignity, safety, self-determination, engagement, and social
change. Graphics and data are used to show information about HopeWorks staff as well as facts
about domestic violence. Another page details a few of HopeWorks programs, including the
Womens Circle, Discovery Workshops, the Lesbian Couples Support Circle, and Preservation.
The report also includes statistics about how many people HopeWorks helped and in what ways.
The next few pages give success stories from victims of domestic violence who accepted help
from HopeWorks.
This is a useful resource primarily because it is a local organization I can potentially
work with in conducting research or during my project. It has many examples of programs
shown to help victims of domestic violence, and the organization seemed to be accessible to a
wide variety of people. This inclusivity is important to my research, as I want to look into
domestic violence as it affects young people. The report also includes a few pages with numbers
and statistics, which were concise and visually appealing. These pages would be useful to hand
out to people interested in learning more or to use for reference. Due to the nature of a report like
this, it does not include much in-depth information, so additional resources such as the
HopeWorks website are necessary to gain that information. The brevity of the report, from the
standpoint of a researcher, is a clear shortcoming of the report as a source.

Not Alone: The First Report of the White House Task Force to Protect Students from Sexual
Assault. White House Task Force to Protect Students From Sexual Assault, Apr. 2014,
www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/docs/report_0.pdf. Accessed 30 Oct. 2016.
 This report summarizes the agenda of the White House Task Force to Protect Students
from Sexual Assault. It first gives reasons for why action was necessary, the primary one being
that one in five women is sexually assaulted in college. The Task Forces mission is to help
schools protect students from sexual violence. The report then outlines the plan of action. The
first step is to identify the problem via campus climate surveys given to schools in a toolkit.
The second step is to engage men as allies to prevent sexual assault and implement bystander
intervention programs on campuses. The third step is to have an effective response in place for
when a student is sexually assaulted. According to the report, that response must include having
someone a victim of assault can talk to in confidence, a comprehensive policy regarding sexual
misconduct, informed training for school officials, better disciplinary systems in schools, and
partnerships with emergency services in the community. The fourth step is to increase
transparency and strengthen enforcement procedures. Finally, the report discusses future steps
the Task Force plans to take.
This report was very helpful; it was informative and provided in-depth information about
the governmental standpoint on college sexual assaults. The information was well-organized and
clearly explained. Its focus was specific to sexual assaults on college campuses, which limited its
usefulness to research focused on teen dating violence; however, college is not too long after
teenage years, so it is still an important topic to research. The report also linked to numerous
other resources and data about sexual assault, including other reports, a Public Service
Announcement, violence prevention resources for schools, a chart created by the Department of
Education, and publications by the Office for Civil Rights. A disadvantage of this source is that it
was published in 2014, so it is slightly outdated; however, because the administration in the
executive branch has not changed since then, it still accurately reflects the governments policy
on sexual assault and is still useful to research about dating violence.
The Office on Violence Against Women. "Protecting Students from Sexual Assault." The United
States Department of Justice, 27 Oct. 2016,
www.justice.gov/ovw/protecting-students-sexual-assault. Accessed 29 Oct. 2016.

This page on the U.S. Department of Justice Website is dedicated to preventing sexual
assault on college campuses. It lists challenges faced by victims of college assaults and explains
why sexual assault, domestic violence, dating violence, and stalking are such serious problems.
The first section of the page reads Problem: Students Victimized and describes the frequency
and details of sexual assaults on college campuses. The next section is Solution: Campus Grant
Reform. This section outlines grant programs authorized by the Violence Against Women Act
of 1994 and administered by the Office on Violence Against Women (OVW). According to the
webpage, the OVW Campus Program aims to strengthen on-campus victim services, advocacy,
security, and investigation in order to improve prevention and prosecution of these crimes. The
next section is Campus Climate Surveys, and it argues that these surveys are essential in order
to gain an understanding of the nature and extent of sexual assault on campuses and the attitudes
surrounding sexual assault on each campus. This understanding will then enable administrators,
students, and federal agencies to develop a solution.
This webpage was very useful, mainly due to the resources listed at the bottom of the
page. These include policy considerations for K-12 education, reports and standards for colleges
and universities, campus climate surveys, prevention resources, and links to executive
departments webpages. These resources are all pertinent to domestic violence and to a wide
range of ages, which is helpful because my research is focused on teen dating violence. Other
aspects of the webpage that make it helpful are its clarity and legitimacy; since it is published by
the government, it can be assumed that the data is accurate and important. The data itself is
extremely alarming; for instance, 19% of undergraduate women reported experiencing sexual
assault in college, most of whom knew their attacker and were assaulted at least one other time
by the same person. Also, only 2% of victims of incapacitated rape (in which the victim is
drugged, drunk, or passed out) reported the assault to law enforcement, and the few that did had
trouble getting prosecutors to take on the case. This is a devastating issue in the legal system, and
it is one on which I intend to focus future research.

"1 is 2 Many." The White House, USA.gov, www.whitehouse.gov/1is2Many. Accessed 30 Oct.

2016.

This video is a Public Service Announcement published by the White House. The video
features the president, vice president, and several well-known male actors discussing sexual
assault. It opens with the line, We have a big problem, and we need your help, as a call to
action. It then goes on to list the areas in which sexual assaults can occur--including college
campuses, bars, parties, and high schools-- and the people to which it may be happening. The
actors in the video state that if a woman does not or cannot consent to sex, it is rape, which is a
crime, not to mention simply wrong. Vice President Joe Biden states that he would do something
about it, and the other men in the video describe how they would be part of the solution and
not the problem. The video ends with a message from President Obama: Its up to all of us to
put an end to sexual assault. The 1 is 2 Many logo and the URL of the video then appear
onscreen for a few seconds at the very end.
This video was somewhat useful. It was very dramatic and moving, so it could potentially
be used in a presentation or for a project about sexual assault. Because so many popular actors,
as well as the president and vice president, are in the video, it would be more likely to catch
peoples attention and leave a lasting impact. Also, the video specifically mentioned that sexual
assault could and does occur in high schools, which is a critical assertion for research about teen
dating violence. A major disadvantage, however, was its disproportionate focus on men as the
audience of the video. This Public Service Announcement deliberately featured only men in the
video, in order to appeal to men as active bystanders to help stop sexual assault. Since more
women than men are sexually assaulted, the agency that created this video may have assumed it
would be better to target men to solve this problem. In fact, this video would be more useful if it
had a more general audience and was more widely applicable.

"The One Love Approach." One Love, www.joinonelove.org/. Accessed 18 Oct. 2016.

One Love was founded in 2010 in honor of Yeardley Love, a senior lacrosse player at the
University of Virginia who was beaten to death by her ex-boyfriend. The goal of the One Love
Foundation is to end relationship violence by educating and empowering campus communities
and giving voices to everyone with the ability to work for change. One Love meets young people
on campus or online and uses emotionally compelling digital tools to inspire and mobilize them
to change the social climate that enables abuse. Currently, One Love has held 896 workshops on
campuses and has 9,092 Team One Love members. One Love defines relationship violence as a
societal epidemic, and argues that young adults are at the greatest risk for violence.
The One Love website is a very useful resource. It provides information and infographics
about abuse, relationship violence, and signs of an unhealthy relationship. The website also gives
many different opportunities to join the movement to help end relationship violence. It is very
visually appealing and persuasive. The story of Yeardley Love is emotional and powerful enough
to elicit a response from viewers--it makes visitors want to take action, and suggests ways for
them to do so. It also has ways for women in unsafe relationships to get help and safely leave the
relationship if necessary. This step-by-step plan seems credible, as it is based on 20 years of
research on female victims of relationship violence conducted by Johns Hopkins researchers.
The website is a good resource for victims of relationship violence, those who want to learn
more, and those who wish to get involved and take action.
Reidy, Dennis E., et al. "In Search of Teen Dating Violence Typologies." Journal of Adolescent
Health, no. 58, 25 Sept. 2015, pp. 202-07, www.expectrespectaustin.org/uploads/general/
Reidy_et_al_(2016)_In_search_of_teen_dating_typologies.pdf. Accessed 23 Oct. 2016.

This study described different classifications of teen dating violence. Its purpose was to
identify different classes of adolescents that perpetrate teen dating violence and assess
differences in demographics, behavior, and attitudes of the teens. Boys and girls grades 6-12
with a history of exposure to violence completed surveys that indicated instances of dating
violence in the past three months of their lives. Indicators of teen dating violence, or TDV, as the
article refers to it, included controlling behaviors, fear, intimidation, injury, and psychological,
physical, or sexual TDV. The teens were also surveyed about their previous dating history
information, their relationship skills, their attitudes concerning violence, and aggression. The
results of this study found three distinct classes of students: nonaggressors, emotional aggressors,
and multiform aggressors, in order from least to most violent in their dating relationships. Many
of the teens in the study only participated in controlling behaviors or psychological/emotional
aggression and were not physically violent.
This article is somewhat helpful. It is very relevant to teen dating violence, as its primary
focus is the typologies of teen dating violence, or TDV. The evidence suggests that there are
different subgroups of teens who perpetrate or experience TDV, and they cannot all be grouped
into one category. This conclusion drawn in the article is crucial because it requires me to take
into account that there are multiple different categories of teens who perpetrate dating violence,
and there are different types of dating violence, as emotional aggression could also be considered
violence. The article was clearly organized and provided a concise abstract as well as pertinent
graphs, charts, and references, all of which could potentially be used for further research or for a
presentation. Though the language of the article was very technical, the contents of the article
nonetheless proved useful.

Schulte, Katherine E. "Restoring Balance to Abuse Cases: Expanding the One-sided Approach to
Teaching Domestic Violence Practice." Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, vol. 28,
no. 1, 2014, pp. 169-88. Global Issues in Context. Accessed 24 Oct. 2016.

This academic journal article discusses a law school exercise in which students must
devise strategies to represent an abusive father in family court. The article first describes the
strategies that students came up with on their own, analyzes those strategies, and suggests ways
in which they could be improved. Next, the article discusses moral dilemmas that arise in abuse
cases; namely, whether or not successfully defending an abuser cause harm to the abused.
Attorneys have ethical obligations, as the article concedes, but the author goes on to argue that
those obligations and a duty to represent ones client are not mutually exclusive. The article then
outlines essential aspects of defending an abusive father, such as developing a client-centered
narrative by listening to the defendants own story, which allows attorneys to better advocate for
him. The article explains other facets an attorney should take into consideration when preparing
his defense and counseling the father, highlighting the importance of collaborative
problem-solving and balancing the defendants objectives with what a judge would feasibly
allow. The article notes that lawyers are only one part of abuse cases, and outside help is often
necessary to restore balance in families impacted by abuse.
Though I found this article very interesting and informative, it is not particularly useful to
my research, as I am looking through the lens of a prosecutor more than a defense attorney.
However, this article did provide valuable insight into both sides of domestic violence and abuse
cases, as well as patterns of thinking utilized by lawyers. For instance, according to the article,
defense lawyers should avoid minimizing or distracting from abuse allegations; the article
suggests different ways of handling abuse cases, with the goal of encouraging safer and more
responsible representation of abusers. The article adds that an abusers view of his behavior is as
complex as his attitudes about parenting, and for this reason, students must develop an
understanding of the client and his experience in order to advocate on his behalf. That is not to
state that lawyers should believe every word of their clients story; they should compare his
narrative to other sources of information and analyze his responses for context, intent, and effect.
Overall, this article was somewhat helpful in that it essentially described how to think like a
lawyer, so to say.

Sutiawati, et al. A Restorative-Justice Approach On The Criminal Cases Of Domestic

Violence. International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, vol. 4, no. 12,
Dec. 2015, pp. 189193. doi: 2277-8616.

This article is about a study of Indonesian criminal law and policy in regards to domestic
violence cases. It examines the implementation of restorative justice and settlement of criminal
cases of domestic violence. The researchers conducted interviews and questionnaires with
perpetrators and victims of domestic violence to obtain the data. Their conclusion was that
Indonesian criminal law policy when it came to settling domestic violence cases did not
demonstrate the restorative justice approach, which would include active participation of victims,
perpetrators, families, law enforcement, and the public. The restorative justice approach focuses
on justice and balance to both the criminal and the victim; the process involves more dialogue
and mediation aimed at coming to an agreement to resolve criminal cases than lengthy prison
sentences. Law enforcement must use certain techniques when handling domestic violence cases.
Additionally, the article addressed aspects of Indonesian culture that influenced the reporting and
prosecuting of domestic violence. In the opinions of the authors, it would be more effective if the
family and community aided in conflict resolution and the victim and perpetrator resolved their
problems instead of entering the criminal justice process.
 This article was somewhat helpful in that it gave information relevant to the topic of
domestic violence in the context of another country, Indonesia. Comparing criminal law
processes in the United States to those in other cultures may be beneficial to my research, in
which case this article would be useful. Furthermore, it includes data tables with numbers of
domestic violence cases reported in 2010-2014 in different regions of Indonesia, which could be
used if quantitative data about domestic violence is necessary. The writing style of the article,
however, hindered its readability, and the fact that the article only discussed Indonesian criminal
law policy made it less relevant to my research which mainly focuses on the United States and
local organizations dealing with domestic violence.

"Teen Dating Violence." Center for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health
& Human Services, USA.gov, 21 July 2016, www.cdc.gov/
violenceprevention/intimatepartnerviolence/teen_dating_violence.html. Accessed 16 Oct.
2016.

This webpage defines dating violence and gives an overview of the causes and
consequences of teen dating violence. It gives examples of how dating violence could occur
among teens and lists other words used to describe teen dating violence. It also provides
statistics; for instance, according to The 2013 National Youth Risk Behavior Survey, about 10%
of high school students reported physical and/or sexual victimization from a dating partner in the
last year before they were surveyed. It nexts lists likely effects of violent relationships, such as
depression, anxiety, drug use, antisocial behaviors, and suicidal thoughts. Finally, the article
discusses possible risk factors for unhealthy relationships. According to the Center for Disease
Control and Prevention (CDC), teens who are depressed or anxious, use drugs or other illegal
substances, have multiple sexual partners, have conflicts with a partner, or witness or experience
violence in their home are at a higher risk of experiencing or initiating violence in their dating
relationship.
This page is very useful because it not only effectively summarizes information necessary
to research about domestic violence as it relates to teens, but it also provides lists of other
resources such as a fact sheet, violence prevention videos, government websites, hotlines, and
resource centers. Man of these supplementary resources are useful as well, to gain more
knowledge about the subject or to use as visual tools during a presentation or project. The page
even links to another page on the CDC website called Dating Matters: Strategies to Promote
Healthy Teen Relationships which details the CDCs program to prevent teen dating violence.
In addition to the multitude of resources provided at the bottom of the page, the articles
information about risk factors and potential consequences to teens in violent relationships is
invaluable to research regarding teen dating violence.
Witte, Brian. "Noahs Law, an Anti-Drunk Driving Measure, Takes Effect in Maryland." The
Washington Times, 1 Oct. 2016,
www.washingtontimes.com/news/2016/oct/1/alcohol-laws-prompted-by-deaths-taking-ef
fect-in-m/. Accessed 4 Oct. 2016.

This article summarizes recent local legislation taking effect in the month of October
2016. One of the laws discussed in the article is Noahs Law, which requires that all drivers
convicted of driving under the influence must have ignition interlock devices installed in their
cars. This law was named after Noah Leotta, a 23-year-old police officer who was killed by a
drunk driver. Another alcohol-related law taking effect is named Alex and Calvins Law for
two teenagers killed in a drunken-driving automobile accident after an underage drinking party.
This law states that parents who knowingly allow underage drinking parties may be jailed for up
to a year in the event that an underage person who was at their party hurts themselves or others
in a car accident. A third law has increased maximum sentences and fines for those convicted of
vehicular manslaughter after previous convictions of driving under the influence or while
impaired by alcohol and drugs. Additional recent legislation is aimed at increasing police
accountability, ensuring equal pay, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, strengthening university
partnerships, protecting freedoms of speech for student journalists, creating agendas for open
meetings, and allowing home gambling with specific restrictions.
Although it is not focused on domestic violence, this article is still useful because it
includes many local laws that have been passed recently; in fact, they are going into effect the
month of October. Understanding current legal developments is essential to any law-related
research. This article was especially helpful because many of the topics discussed often have a
direct impact on domestic violence: namely, the laws regarding alcohol, since alcoholism is often
a risk factor for violence in relationships. The equal pay law, also, did imply issues between
genders, which is also related to dating violence. However, other than the three alcohol-related
laws and the equal pay law revision, the new laws explained were mostly irrelevant to teen
dating violence, so this article was ultimately not exceptionally useful.

"Women's Law Center of Maryland." Women's Law Center of Maryland, 2013,

www.wlcmd.org/. Accessed 22 Oct. 2016.

The Womens Law Center of Maryland was established in 1971 in order to address
womens legal needs, for the purposes of eliminating discrimination and unfair practices. Their
current vision is the same as it always has been, which is a legal system that provides justice for
women. The Womens Law Center provides information and legal services in the areas of
domestic violence, family law, and employment law, among others. They advocate for the
protection and expansion of womens legal rights and address policy issues to bring about
systemic change. Some of the programs they provide information and help with include the
Protective Order Advocacy and Representation Project (POARP), Judicare, Human Trafficking,
Family Law Hotline, and Legal Forms Helpline. The Womens Law Center website lists the
services they provide, the ways in which they affect law and public policy, methods of getting
involved, and ways to contact and find out more about them.
This website was somewhat helpful. It was relevant to law, and it has an interesting
connection to my research in that one of my mentors previously worked for the Womens Law
Center of Maryland. Furthermore, the website did include information concerning domestic
violence, as the organization handles many domestic violence cases. One page on the website
provided general information about domestic violence as well as warning signs, eligibility
requirements for protective orders, information about peace orders, safety tips for protective
order hearings, instructions to create a safety plan, explanations on how to obtain protection with
and without court assistance, information about preparing for protective order hearings and
enforcing protective orders, and civil rights information. This is very pertinent to domestic
violence and is congruous with domestic violence dockets I have observed at my internship. The
only fault in this source is that it does not contain information specific to teen dating violence or
any information targeted towards youth.
DomesticViolenceCenterofHowardCo.
VanitaLeatherwood
outreach@dvcenter.org
410-997-0304
Topics:DomesticViolence,TeenDatingViolence,Healthy
Relationships,EffectsofDomesticViolenceonChildren,Recognizing
&PreventingSexualViolence,YouthAmbassadorProgram
Grades:Middle,High

http://www.breakthecycle.org/sites/default/files/Dating%20Abuse%20Statistics%20Mar%20201
6.pdf

*****http://www.breakthecycle.org/back2school-students

Relationship abuse affects one in three women in her lifetime