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ELEMENTARY PARTICLES

COURSE:

MODERN PHYSICS

CODE: 3N

HE PRESENTS

JAIR YESID CORONADO ALBARRACIN CODE: 19384

TEACHER

PAULA ANDREA VELEZ

BOGOTA D.C.
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ELEMENTARY PARTICLES

ELEMENTARY PARTICLES

The atom is composed by a core formed by protons and neutrons, and a set of electrons

"orbitando" about the core due to the effects of the Quantum Mechanics, which plays an essential

role in all this description, the electrons form actually a "cloud" about the core. The protons

provide to the atomic core of electrical positive load. Chemical different elements differ between

yes for the number of protons of the atomic core, The force responsible for the cohesion of the

atomic core is essentially the force derived from the strong interaction, there exist nevertheless

certain effects originated by the weak and electromagnetic interaction, The force that it supports

to the electrons about the core is on the other hand of electromagnetic origin, the size of the core,

measured by his radio, depends on the number of protons and neutrons, But essentially it is of

the order of a few Fermis. A Fermi is an approximately the size of a proton or neutron ".

On the other hand, the elementary particles are the simplest objects that can be conceived, in

general they neither have parts nor can divide in components simpler, nevertheless the

experiments of collisions of particles to very high energies have revealed that some particles that

they believed simple actually are compound. For example a proton is formed by two quarks up

and a quark down, a neutron is formed by two quarks down and a quark up, the electrical load of

the proton is therefore equal to the load of the electron but positive, whereas the neutron is

exactly neutral( Electrical void load). The mass of the proton and neutron they are approximately

equal (the neutron is lightly more massive) and equivalents to 1837 times the mass of the
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ELEMENTARY PARTICLES

electron, this mass is not the sum of the masses of the constituent quarks, since most comes from

the energy called of confinement.

The quarks are elementary particles, which not only they form to the proton, but to the whole

series of families of other particles. Combinations of three quarks form the bariones (as the

proton) And combinations of a quark and an anti-quark form the family of the inns. The quarks

feel the nuclear strong force, but they are not free in the nature. Always they are in conditions

united with other quarks already be in a barin or in an inn. The theory of the Quarks was

elaborated in 1963 by the physicists Murray Gell-Mann y Yuval Ne'eman. It was Gell-Mann who

gave the name of 'quarks' to these particles".

In general, the particles formed by three quarks name bariones, the nucleones understand, that is

to say, the protons and neutrons, and also the bariones called Delta, Lambda, Sigma, Xi and

Omega. The latter is composed by three quarks and his discovery was a victory of the theory,

which predicted correctly his existence and mass. The bariones have espn semipoint and are

therefore fermiones
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ELEMENTARY PARTICLES

REFERENCES

partculas elementales y las interacciones bsicas, Dra. rosa mara Mndez facultad

ciencias UNAM,2002
http://astroverada.com/_/Main/T_particulas2.html
http://descubriendo.fisica.unlp.edu.ar/descubriendo/index.php/Part

%C3%ADculas_Elementales