Overview

IDEF1 was designed as a method for both analysis and communication in the
establishment of requirements. IDEF1 is generally used to 1) identify what information is
currently managed in the organization, 2) determine which of the problems identified during
the needs analysis are caused by lack of management of appropriate information, and 3)
specify what information will be managed in the TO-BE implementation.

IDEF1 captures the information that exists about objects within the scope of an enterprise.
The IDEF1 perspective of an information system includes not only the automated system
components, but also non-automated objects such as people, filing cabinets, telephones,
etc. IDEF1 was designed as a method for organizations to analyze and clearly state their
information resource management needs and requirements. Rather than a database
design method, IDEF1 is an analysis method used to identify the following:

Information collected, stored, and managed by the enterprise.

Rules governing the management of information.

Logical relationships within the enterprise reflected in the information.

Problems resulting from the lack of good information management.

The results of information analysis can be used by strategic and tactical planners within the
enterprise to leverage their information assets to achieve competitive advantage. Their
plans may include the design and implementation of automated systems which can more
efficiently take advantage of the information available to the enterprise. IDEF1 models
provide the basis for those design decisions, furnishing managers with the insight and
knowledge required to establish good information management policy.

IDEF1 Principles
IDEF1 uses simple graphical conventions to express a powerful set of rules that help the
modeler distinguish between 1) real-world objects, 2) physical or abstract associations
maintained between real-world objects, 3) the information managed about a real-world
object, and 4) the data structure used to represent that information for acquiring, applying,
and managing that information. IDEF1 provides a set of rules and procedures for guiding
the development of information models. One of the IDEF1 goals is to provide a structured
and disciplined process for analyzing information managed by an organization. This goal is
accomplished by the evolutionary process defined in the method and by the measurable
results and specific products required by the method. IDEF1 enforces a modularity that
eliminates the incompleteness, imprecision, inconsistencies, and inaccuracies found in the
modeling process.

IDEF1 Concepts
There are two important realms for modelers to consider in determining information
requirements. The first realm is the real world as perceived by people in an organization. It
is comprised of the physical and conceptual objects (e.g., people, places, things, ideas,
etc.), the properties of those objects, and the relations associated with those objects. The
second realm is the information realm. It includes information images of those objects
found in the real-world. An information image is not the real-world object, but the
information collected, stored, and managed about real-world objects. IDEF1 is designed to
assist in discovering, organizing, and documenting this information image, and thus is
restricted to the information realm.

An IDEF1 entity represents the information maintained in a specific organization about

physical or conceptual objects. An IDEF1 entity class refers to a collection of entities or the
class of information kept about objects in the real-world. There are two basic concepts that
distinguish entities:

They are persistent. The organization expends resources to observe, encode,

record, organize, and store the existence of individual entities.

They can be individuated. They can be identified uniquely from other entities.

Entities have characteristic attributes associated with them. Attributes record values of
properties of the real-world objects. The term attribute class refers to the set of attribute-
value pairs formed by grouping the name of the attribute and the values of that attribute for
individual entity class members (entities). A collection of one or more attribute classes
which distinguishes one member of an entity class from another is called a key class. A
relation in IDEF1 is an association between two individual information images. The
existence of a relation is discovered or verified by noting that the attribute classes of one
entity class contain the attribute classes of the key class of the referenced entity class
member. A relation class can be thought of as the template for associations that exist
between entity classes. An example of a relation in IDEF1 is the label "works for" on the link
between the information entity called "Employee" and the information entity called
"Department." If no information is kept about an association between two or more objects in
the real-world, then, from an IDEF1 point of view, no relation exists. Relation classes are
represented by links between the entity class boxes on an IDEF1 diagram. The diamonds
on the end of the links and the half diamonds in the middle of the links encode additional
information about the relation class (i.e., cardinality and dependency). The figure below
illustrates the manner in which IDEF1 diagrams are drawn.