Appearanc Op.

Rough
Device Principle Application
e Range cost
Seebeck emf
exists b/w
Water heaters,
-200 C 30 junctions of two
Thermocou diesel engines,
1 to 100 metals
ple (J,K,T,E) gas turbines,
1300 C USD Peltier emf
thermostat
exists becoz of
temp dif
Resistivity of
-200 C Stoves, grills,
60 metals increases
2 RTD to 900 refrigeration,
USD linearly with
C exhaust gas
temperature
wavelength of
jet engine
Pyrometer the radiation of
-50 to 300 turbines,
3 (optical, the heat source
4000 C USD chemical plants,
electronic) is related to
volcanoes
temperature
Use within
temperature- equipment, food
-40 to
Semicondu 1 to 3 sensitive voltage transport
4 +200
ctor USD vs. current monitoring,
C
characteristics machine
monitoring,
Vibrating tubes,
vibrate out of Oil&gas,
0 to
5000 sync bcoz of petrochems,
5 Coriolis 200
USD flow. More paints, sealings,
kg/s
flowrate, more coatings
out of sync
Cryogenic / clean
1000 Pressure
Limited gases & liquids/
to diference before
6 Orifice by pipe Steam
2000 and after
size (saturated/superh
USD obstruction
eated)
Pressure Dirty
Limited
diference before /corrosive/viscous
7 Venturi by pipe
and after Liquids & Dirty
size
obstruction gases
Piezoelectric medical,
Piezoelectri
10000 100 efect (electric aerospace,
8 c
bar usd charge when nuclear
(pressure)
deformed) instrumentation
 1500 Time of flight of
Radar 1 to 40 to a travelling wave Storage tanks in
9
(level) m 2000 and speed of the refineries,
usd wave

10 GLC

11 MS

12 UV

Chemi/biol
13 uminescne
ce