<—~ 1 a S(a+2)=5xat5x2 =5a+10 = © x(x+7) =x? + 7x Look what happens when the term outside is negative! g Anexpression like —(x + 3) is the same as —1(x + 3), 50-163) =-1xx+ (x3 =-x-3 2 Expand and simplify: b 6Qx—3y) =6 x 2x-6x3y = 12x - 18y aw Sa(S -2a) = 15a - 6a? S(x+3) + 2x =5x+15+2x gh =7x+15 3(at 4) +26 -a) =3a+12+10-2a =at+22 2(Sx + 3) - (4x - 3) =10x+6-4x+3 =6x+9 x(2x —3) — 4 + 5) = 2x? -3x—4x— 20 =22-7x-20Rewrite these expressions without groupin, ibols. exp grouping syml a 3(a+2) b 4(x+3) c 2+7) d 5S(v+1) e 6(m-5) f 5(n-2) g 4b-3) h 60-1) i 2G+a) j 3(4+x) k 6(6+) 1 7(2+w) m 7(1-x) n 5(2-y) o 43-p) p 9(8-y) q 3(a+b) r x+y) s 6(p+q) t 7(m+n) u 4(p=q) v 5(a—b) w 10(t-w) x 8(x-y) i) Expand these expressions. a 2(2a+3) b 5(3x+1) c 4(2m+3) d 6(3n+2) e 5(2m—1) f 4(4n-5) g 2(5p—2) h 7(5t-3) i 6(2+3m) j 70+ 4x) k 3(3+4n) 1 4(2+5t) m 10(2 3x) n 4(1-3p) @ 3(2-5w) p 8(1-2x) q 2Ga+ 2b) + 3(4m+n) s 5(4x+3y) t 10(x+3y) u 5(2x-y) v 4(2a—3b) w 2(7m-2n) x 3(6t-2w) Ey Expand: a x(x+2) b yy +3) © a(at+5) d- m(m+10) e aa-1) f m(m-5) g n(n-3) h yly—8) i x(y+2) j ab+2) k m(t-3) 1 n&x-6) m a(x+a) n x(x+y) o m(m+n) p twtt) q kk+) © pq-p) s tx+y) t a(b-c) WO Expand: a 2a(a+2) b 3x(x+5) c 5n(n+2) d 4m(m + 4) e 3p(p-4) f 4qq-1) g 10m(m-7) h 8a(a-5) i 6x(4-x) j 2m(1+m) k 9t(t+2) | 5n(5-n) m 2a(a+b) n 4p(p+q) © 3x(x+y) p 7m(n+m) q 3y(2y+4) r 3a(b+2a) s 3m(2m + 5n) t 4p(3q- 2p) i Expand and simplify each expression by collecting like terms. a 2x+3)+4x b 3(m+2)+4m ¢ 5(a+5)-3a d 4(n—2)+3n e S(a-4)-2a f 3(m—1)+4m g 6(a+2)+2a+4 h 3(¢+3)+2x-7 i 4(Qy+3)-2y+5 j Sx+4(x+3) k 5a+3(a-2) | 8m+4(m— 2) Wi Expand all grouping symbols, then simplify each expression. a 2(x+3)+3(x+2) b 4(¢+2)+2(x«+3) ¢ 5(a+2)+3(a+1) d 5(m+2)+2(m-1) e 6+1)+30-2) f 5(m+1)+2(m-1) g 4(3+a)+5(2+a) h 7(m+3) +2(2—m) i 6(2+y) +3(4-y) j 96+1) +3-3) k 8(p+1)+3(2+p) | 7(a+2)+5G-a) m 2(m+n)+2(m+n) n 5(Qx+y)+5e-y) © 3(p+q)+2(p—q)(Exercise 6:08B (This exerse involves expanding wih negative terms) ©) Ih Noting that —3(x - 4) = -3 xx — (—3) x 4 and —5(2y +7) =—5 x 2y + (-5) x7 -3x+12 =-10y - 35, expand the following: a —2(x+3) b -3(a+5) ¢ -5(y+) d -9(k +2) e -4(a-2) f -2(p-3) g -7(t-6) h -5(@x-1) i -3(6+x) j -7-4@) k -200+y) | -6(8-h) BI Rewrite the following without grouping symbols. [Note: —(x + 7) is the same as —1(x + 7).] a -(a+2) b -(x+3) ¢ —(p+7) d -q+)) e -(x-3) f -(t-2) g -(w-6) h -G-1) i -Qx+7) J -(@x-2) k -(4x+5) 1 -(1y-3) El Expand the following. a -x(x +2) b -a(a+3) c¢ —m(m—4) d -n(n-1) e -a(b+3) f -p(q+5) g —t(x-3) h -m(n-10) i -2m(m + 4) j —5a(Q2Qa+5) k -6x(x—7) 1 -4t(5t+3) 2] Expand and then collect like terms. a 2(a+4)-4a b 6(p-4)+19 c¢ 5(a-1)-6a d 2a+3(1-a) e 6x+2(3 —4x) f 10+6(a-2) g 6-4(a+2) h 5x-2(x+3) i 6m-2(m-1) j 10x-(x+3) k 16-(x+5) 1 5y-(2+3y) m 6m—3(m+2) +5 n Ta+6-2(a+4) © 20-(10+3a) +5aworked examples 1 These solutions involve only one step. ao m+27=59 b a-16=9 c 3p= -27 -27 +16 +16 +3 9-27 +16 m m= 32 2 a=25 p=7 2 The solutions of these equations involve two steps. a 2a+5=7 b 2B a2 c 8-6 =15 d 10-3m=25 -5 -5 x5 x5 +6 +6 -10 -20 2a=2 x4+3=10 Pou -3m=15 +2 42 -3 -3 x3. x3 +3 433 sae “xT p= 63 * I Solve each of these one-step equations a b © y+7=21 d e f 20+k=29 g h i x-10=3 j k 1 3p=36 m n o 24 m Pp q Lard EX These one-step equations involve negative integers. a x+3=2 b m+5=1 c n+6=4 e 6+q=0 f _ h x-10=-3 i tans k y-4=-4 1 AraG n 8p=-16 ° (Multiply on q -3q=27 r sides by -1) t F = -20 u w -5-y=3 x EX The solution to an equation can be checked by substituting it into the equation. Check to see if the solution to each equation below is correct. a x+16=43 b 9+y=13 d n-12=15 x=27 y=5 e 6-q=4 f 8-y=10 h qa2 ya2ZZ Solving these equations involves two steps. Clearly show each step in your working. (All the answers are integers.) a 2x+ b 3a+2=8 c 2m+7=13 d 3n- e Sk— f 6t-4=8 B 6+ 5 h 10+3w i 12+4q=16 j 10-3x=1 k 15-2m | 20- 0 m 15=2x-3 n 7=5y-3 o 10=2-4a p 4-x=-7 q -3-x=-2 r 2=4-x EI Solving these equations also involves two steps. (The solutions are all positive integers.) ae iTs) b 4 c 2 5) xt) eat f d zs i) e m—4 : mee h 8 7 5 i j %+153 k ! 3 m 5+4=10 n ° m 2 2 Multiply each term on both sides by the denominator. a b 2a+5=10 c d e f 8 h i j k 1 m n ° Pp EZ Now try this set of equations, which are either one- or two-step types. a 5x=35 b m+7=11 c e 3a+1=10 f g i -4x=16 j k x Xea1 m ¥= 10 n ° 6+4=8 9 6+$ r s1 3a+5=2a+7 2 S5x-3=2x+9 3 2-2w=B+x -2a -2a -& =k +2x +2x a+5=7 3x-3=9 2=8+3x | M Therefore! -5 -5 +3 43 -8 -8 oe as2 3x=12 -6=3x +3 43 +3043 oxed I Solve the following equations. (The answers are all integers.) b 3x+1=2x+8 d 10q-3=94+5 f 8x=7x-3 h 3a+7=2a+5 k Sy-4=y+12 n 4m+2=6m+10 q 6m-1=15-2m go-m ane i Check to see if the given solution is correct or incorrect by seeing if it ‘fits’ the equation. a 5m-2=4m+1 b 3p+7=2p+12 c 10q+3=11qt+1 p=5 2 e 8q-7=5q+5 f x+10=5x-2 q=4 =2 h 2m+5=5m-1 i 8a+1=3a-4 m=2 ald k 5a+8=3a I 3x= 10+ 2x a=4 2 n 5-2m=6+m o Sp-2=5-2p m=-l Ed Solve these equations. a 3x+l=x+2 b S5Sm+2=3m+5 c 4p+2=p+4 d 5m=2m+1 e 3a=a-1 f 6n+2=n+8 g 5a-1=3a+4 h 12n-9=9n+1 i 8q-5=5q+3 j 6n+4=4n4+3 | 4k-2=k-6 m 2a+5=4a+2 o 2q+7=6q-2 p 8=5t+8 r 6x=5-2 Ss 3a+2=5a+6 u 2m-3=5m+1 v 5-2y=3+y w 10+3x=9-5x x 3-p=16-4pEf Solve each equation by first expanding the grouping symbols. (Answers are all integers.) a d & j 3(2x+1)=9 4(3a-1)=8 Wet 2axt+5 3(m-1)=2m-1 2m +5 = 3(m - 1) E Solve each equation. a d fF J m 2x4+1)=5 3(a-2)=0 2(x+1)=5 3(e-N=x+2 3m + 2=5(m—-1) b 2(3a+4)=20 e 5(2p-3)=5 h 3(a+3)=2a+12 k n 6x +3 =3(x+ 2) 3(a + 3) =-10 3(2p +3) =12 2(q-3) =4q-9 n 7x=5(2x-1) x roc ¢ 5(2m+1)=25 f 4(3q-2)=16 i 5(Qm+2)=3m+12 | 3Qa+1)=4a+7 0 5-2x=3(x-5) c 5(p+3)=2 f 7(t-2)=5 i 5(Q2w+3)=-20 | 5(k+2)=2k+11 o 3n—7=6(2n - 2) YJ Find the solution to each equation by expanding all grouping symbols first. 5-1) =4(x + 2) 3(q + 2) =2(q+5) 6(x + 2) =4(x + 6) T(t + 2) =4(¢+ 5) wom ane 3(a+ 2)=2(a+1) 2(a- 7) = 5(a- 4) 3(2a + 1) = 5(a + 2) 6(t+7)=4(t+ 10) +8 m 3(2 +m) = 5(2—m) + 6m EF} SOE G SSD El Solve each equation, (See Worked Example 2b on p 250.) b 5(m-1)+2m=2 d 3(x+2)+2(x-3)=10 f 4(t—2)4+20+5)=14 h 2(Q2m +3) +3(@m—-5) =5 j 7@+5)+2(6-3a)=1 Try solving these equations, but first read the warning sign! a Gg e 5 i c e B 3(a+2)+a+5=15 2(m + 3) + 5(m + 2) = 23 S(p+ 1) +2(p+4 =20 4(2a +3) + 2(a- 5) = 22 5(a- 3) +3(2 +3a) = 19 3(a+ 2)-2(a+1)=6 5(n+ 4) - 3(n - 2) = 30 4(a+ 3) - (a+ 2) =13 5(2a +1) - 2a-4) =2 b 5(m+3)—4(m+2)=10 d 6(a+2)-4(a-1)=20 f 4p+5)-(p+3)=23 h 62x +5) -5Gx+2)=10 5(2a- 1) =3(a+ 6) -7 6(p +3) = 5(2 - p) + 7Tp- 12 BH Warning! Remember how to expand with a negative term: —Ux+ 4) = -2x- 8 or —3(a- 1) =-3a+3