LAPORAN KERJA PRAKTEK

ANALISIS ALIRAN DAYA DAN HARMONISA DENGAN

MENGUNAKAN HARMONIC FILTER 250C/S DAN 350C/S DI
WIRE ROD MILL (WRM), PT. KRAKATAU STEEL
(PERSERO), TBK.

Disusun Oleh:

ARIEF RAHMAN NRP 2211100086

EVANDRO ADITIA SINURAYA NRP 2211100138
FAUZUL AKBAR NRP 2211100171

JURUSAN TEKNIK ELEKTRO

FAKULTAS TEKNOLOGI INDUSTRI
INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI SEPULUH NOPEMBER
SURABAYA
2014

i
ii
 LEMBAR PENGESAHAN LAPORAN
PRAKTEK KERJA INDUSTRI
PT. KRAKATAU STEEL

ANALISIS ALIRAN DAYA DAN HARMONISA DENGAN

MENGGUNAKAN HARMONIC FILTER 250C/S DAN 350C/S DI WIRE
ROD MILLL (WRM), PT. KRAKATAU STEEL (PERSERO), TBK.

Disusun Oleh :

ARIEF RAHMAN NRP 2211100086

EVANDRO ADITIA SINURAYA NRP 2211100138
FAUZUL AKBAR NRP 2211100171

Disetujui dan disahkan

Cilegon, X Juli 2014

Menyetujui,

Training Koordinator Pembimbing

Imam Nugroho Rahmat Sofyan

Training Coordinator Plant WRM Automation, Electrical, and
Instrumentation Dept. WRM

Mengetahui,

Divisi Wire Rod Mill Dinas Training & Education

Admin & Insfrastructure

Suhartono Soedomo S. Sudarsono

Superintendent

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 KATA PENGANTAR

Puji syukur kami ucapkan kepada Allah SWT atas limpahan rahmat dan
karunia-Nya sehingga kami dapat menyelesaikan Laporan kerja praktek di PT.
Krakatau Steel, Tbk. yang dilaksanakan mulai tanggal 7 Juli 2014 sampai dengan
tanggal 7 Agustus 2014 dengan judul Analisis Aliran Daya dan Harmonisa
dengan Menggunakan Harmonic Filter 250C/s dan 350 C/s di Wire Rod Mill
(WRM), PT. Krakatau Steel (Persero), Tbk.
Kerja praktek merupakan salah satu syarat wajib kelulusan pada jenjang
pendidikan S-1 di Jurusan Teknik Elektro Fakultas Teknologi Industri Institut
Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember ( ITS ) Surabaya. Mahasiswa saat ini tidak hanya
dituntut untuk ahli dalam keilmuan teoritis di dalam dunia idealita kampus, namun
juga harus mengetahui dan belajar tentang permasalahan realita lapangan. Sesuai
dengan bidang keilmuan yang dipelajari di kampus.
Dalam penyelesaian kerja praktek ini, penulis mendapatkan banyak
dukungan dan bantuan dari berbagai pihak. Oleh karena itu, penulis mengucapkan
terima kasih kepada:
1. Allah SWT, atas segala rahmat dan kasih karunia-Nya.
2. Orang tua dan seluruh keluarga penulis yang telah memberi dukungan
dalam pelaksanaan kerja praktek.
3. Dr. Tri Arief Sardjono, ST., MT., selaku Ketua Jurusan Teknik Elektro
ITS.
4. Dr. Margo Pujiantara, ST., M.T., selaku dosen pembimbing kami.
5. Semua Pihak yang ada di PT. Krakatau Steel, terutama kepada Pak Imam
Nugroho, Pak Rahmat Sofyan, Pak Didi Turmudi, Pak Sugeng Waluyo,
Pak Singgih, Pak Tatang, Mas Cipta yang membimbing kami selama di
pabrik.
6. Kepada Bu Hani, Pak Medi yang memberikan kami tempat tinggal selama
di Cilegon.
7. Rekan-rekan sesama praktikan Kerja Praktek dari ITS, Unpas, Untad , dan
UNY atas kebersamaannya dalam beberapa kesempatan selama di kota
Cilegon.
8. Dan semua pihak yang telah membantu kami dalam menyelesaikan kerja
praktek ini.
Demikian Laporan Kerja Praktek ini disusun. Penulis menyadari masih
terdapat beberapa kekurangan. Oleh karena itu penulis mengharapkan adanya
masukan dari semua pihak demi penyempurnaan laporan kerja praktek ini.
Semoga laporan ini dapat bermanfaat bagi kita semua dan dapat memberi
masukan bagi siapa saja yang mempergunakannya.

Cilegon, Juli 2014

Penulis

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 DAFTAR ISI

Cover Dalam ......................................................................................................... i

Lembar Pengesahan .............................................................................................. ii
Kata Pengantar ...................................................................................................... iii
Daftar Isi................................................................................................................ iv
Daftar Gambar ....................................................................................................... vi
Daftar Tabel .......................................................................................................... ix
BAB I PENDAHULUAN .................................................................................... 1
1.1 Latar Belakang ......................................................................................... 1
1.2 Tujuan dan Manfaat ................................................................................. 2
1.3 Metodologi Pengumpulan Data ............................................................... 2
1.4 Metodologi Penyusunan Laporan ............................................................ 3
1.5 Waktu dan Tempat Pelaksanaan Kerja Praktek ....................................... 3
1.6 Nama Unit Kerja Tempat Pelaksanaan Kerja Praktek ............................. 3
BAB II PROFIL PT. KRAKATAU STEEL ........................................................ 4
2.1 Sejarah Perusahaan .................................................................................. 4
2.2 Visi dan Misi Perusahaan ......................................................................... 9
2.3 Struktur Organisasi PT. Krakatau Steel ................................................... 10
2.4 Letak dan Lokasi PT. Krakatau Steel....................................................... 12
2.5 Unit Kerja................................................................................................. 14
2.3.1 Direct Reduction Plant................................................................. 15
2.3.2 Slab Steel Plant (SSP) ................................................................. 18
2.3.3 Billet Steel Plant (BSP) ............................................................... 20
2.3.4 Hot Strip Mill (HSM) .................................................................. 22
2.3.5 Cold Rolling Mill (CRM) ............................................................ 24
2.3.6 Wire Rod Mill (WRM) ................................................................ 26
2.6 Sarana Penunjang operasi ........................................................................ 28
BAB III WIRE ROD MILL .................................................................................. 29
3.1 Sejarah Wire Rod Mill ............................................................................. 29
3.1.1 Kondisi Awal ............................................................................... 29
3.1.2 Modernisasi Wire Rod Mill ......................................................... 30
3.2 Struktur Organisasi Wire Rod Mill .......................................................... 35
3.3 Proses Pembuatan Batang Kawat ............................................................. 35
3.3.1 Bahan Baku Batang Kawat .......................................................... 35
3.3.2 Peralatan Utama Wire Rod Mill .................................................. 36
3.3.2.1 Furnace ............................................................................ 36
3.3.2.2 Roll Table After Furnace (RT.01) ................................... 37
3.3.2.3 High Pressure Water Descaler ........................................ 37
3.3.2.4 Pinch Roll ........................................................................ 38
3.3.2.5 Pre-Roughing Mill .......................................................... 38

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 3.3.2.6 Roll Bench ....................................................................... 38
3.3.2.7 Pendulum Shear S-04 ...................................................... 39
3.3.2.8 Deviator ........................................................................... 39
3.3.2.9 Double Roller Table (RT 1.1/RT 1.2) ............................. 39
3.3.2.10 Double Mount Shear ..................................................... 40
3.3.2.11 Horizontal Roughing Mill ............................................. 40
3.3.2.12 Shear 10......................................................................... 41
3.3.2.13 Lowering Trough .......................................................... 41
3.3.2.14 Horizontal Intermediate Mill......................................... 42
3.3.2.15 Intermediate Mill........................................................... 42
3.3.2.16 Up Looper, I, II, III, dan IV .......................................... 43
3.3.2.17 Side Looper (Before Pre-Finishing) .............................. 43
3.3.2.18 Snap Shear (Before Pre-Finishing) ............................... 43
3.3.2.19 Pre-Finishing Block ...................................................... 44
3.3.2.20 Water Box (Before Finishing Block) ............................ 44
3.3.2.21 Crop/Divide (Cd) Shear ................................................ 44
3.3.2.22 Trough Switch ............................................................... 45
3.3.2.23 Chopping Shear ............................................................. 45
3.3.2.24 Side Looper (Before Finishing) .................................... 45
3.3.2.25 Snap Shear (Before Finishing Block) ........................... 46
3.3.2.26 Finishing Block ............................................................. 46
3.3.2.27 Equalization & Water Boxes (After Finishing Block) .. 47
3.3.2.28 Pinch Roll ...................................................................... 48
3.3.2.29 Laying Hand .................................................................. 48
3.3.2.30 Stelmor Conveyor ......................................................... 48
3.3.2.31 Reforming Station ......................................................... 49
3.3.2.32 Coil Transfer Car........................................................... 50
3.3.2.33 Coil Handling ................................................................ 50
3.3.2.34 Compactor ..................................................................... 51
3.4 Tahapan Proses Pembuatan Wire Rod ..................................................... 51
3.4.1 Tahap Pre-Heating Furnace ......................................................... 51
3.4.2 Tahap Reduksi ............................................................................. 52
3.4.3 Tahap Transformasi ..................................................................... 53
BAB VI LANDASAN TEORI.............................................................................. 56
4.1 Segitiga Daya ........................................................................................... 56
4.1.1 Daya Aktif ................................................................................... 56
4.1.2 Daya Reaktif ................................................................................ 56
4.1.3 Daya Nyata .................................................................................. 57
4.1.4 Faktor Daya ................................................................................. 57
4.2 Macam-Macam Beban ............................................................................. 57
4.3 Harmonisa ................................................................................................ 58
4.3.1 Monitoring harmonisa ................................................................. 58

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 4.3.2 Sumber-Sumber Harmonisa ....................................................... 59
4.3.2.1 Konverter......................................................................... 59
4.3.2.2 Tanur Busur Listrik ......................................................... 59
4.3.2.3 Transformator .................................................................. 60
4.3.2.4 Mesin-Mesin Berputar .................................................... 61
4.4 Pengaruh Harmonisa ................................................................................ 61
4.4.1 Pengaruh Pada Faktor Daya ....................................................... 61
4.4.2 Pengaruh Pada Saluran Transmisi .............................................. 61
4.4.3 Pengaruh Pada Transformator .................................................... 62
4.4.4 Pengaruh Pada Kapasitor Bank .................................................. 62
4.4.5 Resonansi .................................................................................... 62
4.4.5.1 Resonansi Paralel ............................................................ 62
4.4.5.2 Resonansi Seri ................................................................. 64
4.4.6 Pengaruh Pada Mesin-Mesin Berputar ....................................... 65
4.4.7 Pengaruh Paada Rele Pengaman ................................................. 65
4.4.8 Pengaruh Pada Peralatan Pemutus .............................................. 65
4.4.9 Pengaruh Pada Sistem Tenaga Yang Lain .................................. 66
4.5 Indeks Harmonisa .................................................................................... 66
4.5.1 Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) ............................................. 66
4.5.2 Total Demand Distortion (TDD) ................................................. 69
4.5.3 Total Harmonic Ratio (THR) ..................................................... 69
4.5.4 Distorsi Faktor Daya.................................................................... 69
4.6 Filter Harmonisa ...................................................................................... 70
4.5.1 Filter Harmonisa Pasif ................................................................. 70
4.5.2 Filter Harmonisa Aktif ................................................................ 74
4.7 Reaktor ..................................................................................................... 75
4.8 Derating Transformer .............................................................................. 76
4.9 K-Factor Transformer ............................................................................. 77
4.10 Phase Shifting Transformer ................................................................... 78
4.11 Over Neutral Conductor ........................................................................ 79
4.12 Perbandingan Biaya Investasi ................................................................ 79
4.13 ETAP (Electrical Transient Analysis Program) PowerStation ............. 80
4.13.1 Simulasi Load Flow Analysis ETAP PowerStation .................. 82
4.6.1.1 Studi Aliran Daya (Load Flow Study) ............................ 83
4.6.1.2 Metode Gauss Seidel dalam perhitungan aliran daya ..... 84
4.13.2 Simulasi Short Circuit Analysis ETAP PowerStation ............... 85
4.6.2.1 Memberi Gangguan Pada Bus ......................................... 85
4.6.2.2 Set Up Data Untuk Simulasi ........................................... 85
4.13.3 Data Untuk Analisa Aliran Daya dan Short Circuit .................. 86
4.13.4 Harmonic Load Flow Analysis .................................................. 87
4.13.5 Harmonic Frequency Scan Analysis ......................................... 87
4.14 Kode Warna Bus pada ETAP 7 Saat Load Flow ................................... 88

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 4.15 Tap Changer ........................................................................................... 88
BAB V PEMBAHASAN ...................................................................................... 89
5.1 Distribusi Kelistrikan Wire Rod Mill (WRM) ......................................... 89
5.2 Komponen Utama Pada Saluran Distribusi Wire Rod Mill (WRM) ....... 89
5.2.1 Substation ................................................................................... 89
5.2.2 Transformator ............................................................................. 89
5.2.3 Switchgear .................................................................................. 90
5.2.4 Motor .......................................................................................... 90
5.2.5 Harmonic Filter .......................................................................... 90
5.3 Single Line Diagram Pabrik Wire Rod Mill (WRM) .............................. 90
5.4 Analisis Aliran Daya ................................................................................ 92
5.4.1 Pendistribusian Daya Dan Skema Kelistrikan Divisi WRM ...... 92
5.4.2 Aliran Daya Saluran Distribusi 30kV/60kV ............................... 93
5.2.3 Aliran Daya Saluran Distribusi 6kV ........................................... 94
5.5 Analisa Penggunaan Filter ..................................................................... 100
5.5.1 Filter Harmonisa Pasif .............................................................. 100
5.5.2 Analisis Saat Filter Tidak Digunakan (Kondisi Off) ................. 102
5.5.3 Analisis Dengan Filter Harmonisa Frekuensi 250 Hz ............... 105
5.5.4 Analisis Dengan Filter Harmonisa Frekuensi 350 Hz .............. 109
BAB VI PENUTUP ............................................................................................ 112
5.1 Kesimpulan ............................................................................................ 112
5.2 Saran ...................................................................................................... 112
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ......................................................................................... 114

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 DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.1 Organigram Struktur Organisasi PT Krakatau Steel (Persero), Tbk 11

Gambar 2.2 Lokasi PT. Krakatau Steel ................................................................ 12
Gambar 2.3 Peta PT. Krakatau Steel .................................................................... 13
Gambar 2.4 Denah PT. Krakatau Steel ................................................................ 14
Gambar 2.5 Flow Proses Produksi PT. Krakatau Steel ........................................ 14
Gambar 2.6 Pellet (Bahan Baku Direct Reductional ............................................ 15
Gambar 2.7 Proses Produksi Pabrik Besi Spons ................................................... 17
Gambar 2.8 Skema Produksi SSP ......................................................................... 19
Gambar 2.9 Hasil Produksi SSP ........................................................................... 20
Gambar 2.10 Hasil Produksi BSP ......................................................................... 21
Gambar 2.11 Skema Produksi BSP....................................................................... 21
Gambar 2.12 Skema Produksi HSM ..................................................................... 22
Gambar 2.13 Hasil Produksi HSM........................................................................ 23
Gambar 2.14 Skema Produksi CRM ..................................................................... 24
Gambar 2.15 Hasil Produksi CRM ....................................................................... 26
Gambar 2.16 Proses Produksi Pabrik Baja Batang Kawat .................................... 27
Gambar 2.17 Hasil Produksi WRM ...................................................................... 27

Gambar 3.1 Lay-out Wire Rod & Strip Mill di tahun 1979 .................................. 29
Gambar 3.2 Lay-out Wire Rod Mill setelah modernisasi tahap 1 di tahun 1991. 31
Gambar 3.3 Lay-out Wire Rod Mill setelah modernisasi tahap 3 di tahun1997... 32
Gambar 3.4 Lay-out Wire Rod Mill setelah modernisasi tahap 4 di tahun 1998.. 33
Gambar 3.5 Lay-out Wire Rod Mill setelah modernisasi tahap 5 di tahun 1999.. 34
Gambar 3.6 Struktur Organisasi Divisi WRM ...................................................... 35
Gambar 3.7 Flow Process Wire Rod Mill ............................................................. 51

Gambar 4.1 Segitiga Daya .................................................................................... 56

Gambar 4.2 Gelombang fundamental dengan gelombang harmonisanya ............ 58
Gambar 4.3 Magnetisasi Transformator (tanpa Histerisis)(a)(b) .......................... 60
Gambar 4.4 Kurva Impedansi Terhadap Frekuensi saat terjadi resonansi paralel 63
Gambar 4.5 Fenomena Resonansi Paralel pada Sistem Tenaga Listrik ................ 63
Gambar 4.6 Kurva Impedansi Terhadap Frekuensi saat Terjadi Resonansi Seri .. 64
Gambar 4.7 Fenomena Resonansi Seri Pada Sistem Tenaga Listrik .................... 65
Gambar 4.8 (a)rangkaian filter penalaan tunggal(b)grafik impedasi filter-frek ... 71
Gambar 4.9 (a)duapenalaan tunggal(b)penalaan ganda(c)ganda lima tujuh ......... 72
Gambar 4.10 High Pass Damped Filter (a)(b)(c)(d) ............................................. 73
Gambar 4.11 Gambar Skema Filter Aktif ............................................................. 75
Gambar 4.12 Gambar Pemasangan Line dan Load Reactor ................................. 76
Gambar 4.13 Gambar skema dari phase shifting Transformer ............................. 79
Gambar 4.14 Halaman awal program ETAP serta Tool menu ............................. 81

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Gambar 4.15 Page gangguan pada bus. ................................................................ 85

Gambar 5.1 Single Line Diagram WRM .............................................................. 91

Gambar 5.2 Power Grid ........................................................................................ 92
Gambar 5.3 Simulasi Aliran Daya Saluran Distribusi pada Divisi Wire Rod Mill
menggunakan software ETAP 7............................................................................ 92
Gambar 5.4 Screenshot hasil simulasi aliran daya Distribusi 30kV/6kV
............................................................................................................................... 94
Gambar 5.5 Screenshot hasil simulasi aliran daya Distribusi 6 kV ...................... 94
Gambar 5.6 Screenshot hasil simulasi aliran daya pada kompensasi (filter 250) . 95
Gambar 5.7 Screenshot hasil simulasi aliran daya pada standby .......................... 95
Gambar 5.8 Screenshot hasil simulasi aliran daya pada water supply.................. 95
Gambar 5.9 Screenshot hasil simulasi aliran daya pada AC drive ........................ 96
Gambar 5.10 Screenshot hasil simulasi daya pada Crane ..................................... 96
Gambar 5.11 Screenshot hasil simulasi aliran daya pada furnace, LS2................ 96
Gambar 5.12 Screenshot hasil simulasi aliran daya pada furnace, RM12 ............ 97
Gambar 5.13 Screenshot hasil simulasi aliran daya pada Intermediatemill L1,L2
............................................................................................................................... 97
Gambar 5.14 Screenshot hasil simulasi aliran daya pada STELMOR B L1 ........ 98
Gambar 5.15 Screenshot hasil simulasi aliran daya pada PRE RM 01-04 ........... 98
Gambar 5.16 Screenshot hasil simulasi aliran daya pada RM 1,2,3 ; RM 4,5,6 ;
RM 7,8,9 ............................................................................................................... 99
Gambar 5.17 Screenshot hasil simulasi aliran daya pada RM 1,2,3 ; RM 4,5,6 ;
RM 7,8,9 ............................................................................................................... 99
Gambar 5.18 Screenshot hasil simulasi aliran daya pada Finishing L1 .............. 100
Gambar 5.19 Screenshot hasil simulasi aliran daya pada Finishing L2 .............. 100
Gambar 5.20 Hasil Load Flow Bus Utama Tanpa Filter .................................... 102
Gambar 5.21 Hasil Load Flow Sistem Keseluruhan Tanpa Filter ...................... 103
Gambar 5.22 Gangguan Critical dan Marginal pada Sistem Tanpa Filter .......... 104
Gambar 5.23 Spektrum Harmonisa Sistem Keseluruhan Tanpa Filter ............... 104
Gambar 5.24 Bentuk Gelombang Sistem Keseluruhan Tanpa Filter .................. 104
Gambar 5.25 Filter Harmonisa pada Plant WRM ............................................... 105
Gambar 5.26 Load Flow Bus Utama dengan Filter Harmonisa Orde Kelima .... 105
Gambar 5.27 Gangguan Marginal Sistem dengan Filter Harmonisa Orde Kelima
............................................................................................................................. 106
Gambar 5.28 Input Nilai Tap Changer ................................................................ 106
Gambar 5.29 Load Flow saat Tap Trafo 30kV Sudah Diganti ........................... 107
Gambar 5.30 Trafo 30 kV pada Plant WRM ...................................................... 107
Gambar 5.31 Input Nilai pada Harmonic Filter Editor ....................................... 108
Gambar 5.32 Spektrum Harmonisa Sistem Keseluruhan dengan Filter Harmonisa
Orde Kelima ........................................................................................................ 109

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Gambar 5.33 Bentuk Gelombang Sistem Keseluruhan dengan Filter Harmonisa
Orde Kelima ........................................................................................................ 109
Gambar 5.34 Load Flow Bus Utama dengan Filter Harmonisa Orde Ketujuh ... 110
Gambar 5.35 Spektrum Harmonisa Sistem Keseluruhan dengan Filter Harmonisa
Orde Ketujuh ....................................................................................................... 111
Gambar 5.36 Bentuk Gelombang Sistem Keseluruhan dengan Filter Harmonisa
Orde Ketujuh ....................................................................................................... 111

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 DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 2.1. Proses Produksi Pabrik Besi Spons ...................................................... 17

Tabel 2.2. Spesifikasi Fasilitas Slab Steel Plant (SSP) ......................................... 19
Tabel 2.3. Spesifikasi Fasilitas Pabrik Baja Billet ................................................ 20
Tabel 2.4. Spesifikasi Fasilitas Pabrik Baja Lembaran Panas .............................. 23
Tabel 2.5 Spesifikasi Fasilitas Pabrik Baja Lembaran Dingin ............................. 25

Tabel 3.1 Equipment Utama Wire Rod & Strip Mill di Tahun 1979................... 30
Tabel 3.2 Data Teknis Furnace ............................................................................ 37
Tabel 3.3 Data Teknis Roll Table After Furnace ................................................. 37
Tabel 3.4 Data Teknis High Pressure Water Descaler ......................................... 38
Tabel 3.5 Data Teknis Pinch Roll ........................................................................ 38
Tabel 3.6 Data Teknis Pre-Roughing Mill ........................................................... 38
Tabel 3.7 Data Teknis Roll Bench ....................................................................... 39
Tabel 3.8 Data Teknis Data Teknis Pendulum Shear S-04 .................................. 39
Tabel 3.9 Data Teknis Deviator ........................................................................... 39
Tabel 3.10Data Teknis Double Roller Table (RT1.1/RT 1.2) .............................. 40
Tabel 3.11Data Teknis Double Mount Shear ........................................................ 40
Tabel 3.12Data Teknis Horizontal Roughing Mill ............................................... 41
Tabel 3.13Data Teknis Shear 10 ........................................................................... 41
Tabel 3.14Data Teknis Lowering Trough ............................................................. 42
Tabel 3.15Data Teknis Horizontal Intermediate Mill ........................................... 42
Tabel 3.16Data Teknis Intermediate Mill ............................................................. 42
Tabel 3.17Data Line Produksi .............................................................................. 43
Tabel 3.18Data Data Teknis Up Looper I,II,III,IV ............................................... 43
Tabel 3.19Data Teknis Side Looper...................................................................... 43
Tabel 3.20Data Teknis Snap Shear ....................................................................... 44
Tabel 3.21Data Teknis Pre-Finishing Block ......................................................... 44
Tabel 3.22Data Teknis Water Box (Before Finishing Block)............................... 44
Tabel 3.23Data Teknis Crop/Divide (Cd) Shear ................................................... 45
Tabel 3.24Data Teknis Trough Switch ................................................................. 45
Tabel 3.25Data Teknis Chopping Shear ............................................................... 45
Tabel 3.26Data Teknis Side Looper...................................................................... 46
Tabel 3.27Data Teknis Snap Shear ....................................................................... 46
Tabel 3.28Data Teknis Finishing Block................................................................ 47
Tabel 3.29Data Teknis Equalization & Water Boxes ........................................... 48
Tabel 3.30Data Teknis Pinch Roll ........................................................................ 48
Tabel 3.31Data Teknis Laying Head .................................................................... 48
Tabel 3.32Pendinginan Stelmor Conveyor ........................................................... 49
Tabel 3.33Data Teknis Stelmor Conveyor ............................................................ 49

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Tabel 3.34Data Teknis Reforming Station............................................................ 50
Tabel 3.35Data Teknis Coil Transfer Car ............................................................. 50
Tabel 3.36Data Teknis Coil Handling .................................................................. 50
Tabel 3.37Data Teknis Compactor ....................................................................... 51

Tabel 4.1 Limit distorsi tegangan berdasarkan IEEE std 519-1992..................... 67

Tabel 4.2 Limit distorsi harmonisa arus untuk sistem distribusi IEEE std .......... 68
Tabel 4.3 Penentuan Nilai Faktor K Berdasarkan Jenis Beban ........................... 77
Table 4.4 Tabel Biaya Referensi Peralatan .......................................................... 79

Tabel 5.1 Standar THD Berdasarkan IEEE 519-1992 ........................................ 102

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