1 Which type of calibration block is used to determine the resolution of angle

beam transducers per requirements of AWS and AASHTO?

An IIW block
A DSC block
A rompus block
An RC block

2 Which type of transducer can be used to scan wide areas when high
sensitivity is not required?
Mosaic transducer
Single crystal transducer of small diameter
Composite transducer
Paint brush transducer

3 Immersion transducers have:

An acoustical impedance matching layer
A large angle of refraction
A small angle of refraction
A large angle of reflection

4 The terms used to describe a techniques ability to locate flaws are:

Sensitivity and penetration
Space and time
Sensitivity and resolution
Frequency and size

5 What is the correct formula for calculating the wavelength when the wave
velocity and frequency are known?
Graphic velocity/frequency= Wavelenght
graphic
graphic
None of the above
6 When a wave encounters an interface at an oblique angle, what takes
place at the interface due to the different sound velocities of the two materials?
Attenuation
Refraction
Beam spread
Beam impedance

7 A 6dB change in the measured ultrasonic signal strength indicates that the
sound intensity changed by a factor of :
Six
Two
Twelve
Sixty

8 When a single element transducer is operating in the pulse echo mode, the
element:
Can not start receiving reflected signals until the element has stopped ringing
from its transmit function
Needs to have a high pulse rate
Should be used in the dual mode
Can only be made with lithium sulfate

9 When performing a contact inspection on a curved surface, what pieced of

equipment can be used to improve coupling?
A spherically focused transducer
A cylindrically focused transducer
A shaped shoe
A large diameter transducer
10 The first critical angle describes the condition where the:
The angle of the refracted longitudinal wave is less than 90o
The angle of the refracted longitudinal wave is exactly 90o
The angle of the refracted longitudinal wave is greater than 90o
The angle of the refracted shear wave is exactly 90o
11 Which type of test block is used to check horizontal linearity and the dB
accuracy per requirements of AWS and AASHTO?
Distance/Sensitivity block
A DSC block
A rompus block
A shear wave calibration block

12 The a large acoustic impedance mismatch at an interface will result in:

A high amount of transmitted sound energy
A small degree of refraction
A large critical angle
A high amount of reflected sound energy

13 DACC stands for:

Distance Amplitude Correction Curve
Direct Application Correction Curve
Distance Area Correction Calculation
Distance Area Computer Controlled

14 Mode conversion, occurs when a sound wave encounters an interface

between materials of different acoustic impedance and:
One of the two materials is a liquid
The incident angle is greater than the first critical angle
The incident angle is greater than the second critical angle
The incident angle is not normal to the interface

15 Resolution generally increases:

With increased depth of a defect
With a decrease in the transducer frequency
When the transducer diameter is reduced
With an increase in transducer frequency

16 When sound travels through a medium:

Its intensity diminishes with distance
It spreads perpendicular to the primary direction of wave travel
Its speed remains constant
All of the above

17 What type of transducer contains two independently operating elements in

a single housing?
Crystal mosaic transducer
Dual element transducer
Liquid crystal transducer
Bi polar transducer

18 Acoustic impedance is identified by the letter:

Z
I
V
P

19 What is the material called that is used to improve the transmission of

ultrasonic sound energy from the transducer into the part?
Gel
Goo
Couplant
Contact paste

20 The number of cylces per second is the definition of:

Wave speed
Frequency
Hertz
None of the above

21 Which type of screen presentation displays a profile or cross-sectional view

of the test specimen?
A-scan
B-scan
C-scan
All of the above

22 In angle-beam testing, when the geometry of the part is relatively

uncomplicated and the orientation of a flaw is well known, the length of a crack
can be determined by a technique known as:
Tip diffraction
Immersion
Surface mode diffraction
Contact testing

23 When a longitudinal wave encounters an interface between two material

with different accoustic impedances, what occurs when the angle of incidence is
90 degrees?
Reflection
Refraction
Mode conversion
Reflection and refraction
24 The frequency marked on a transducer indicates:
The center frequency at which the transducer operates
The range of the transducer's operating frequency
The highest fequency produced by the transducer
None of the above

25 Snell's Law describes the relationship between the sound velocity and:
The refracted angle of the wave
The reflected angle of the wave
Both A and B
None of the above
26 Which material properties affect the speed of sound within a material?
Density and specific gravity
Atomic mass and density
Density and elastic properties
Acoustic impedance and atomic mass
27 Surface or Rayleigh waves travelling along the surface of relative thick
solid material, penetrate to a depth of approximately:
One wavelength
Two wavelengths
Three wavelengths
Infinite wavelengths

28 In order to have a reasonable chance at detecting a discontinuity, the

reflective surface of the discontinuity must have a dimension that is at least as
long as ________ wavelength.
One-half
One
Two
0ne-quarter

29 The area in front of a transducer where there are extensive fluctuations in

the sound field is called the:
Far field zone
Surface field zone
Near field zone
Phase shift zone

30 Within a given material, the speed of sound:

Is constant
Decreases with distance from the transducer
Increases with distance from the transducer
None of the above
31 Beam spread is greater when using:
High frequency transducers
Low frequency transducers
Angle beam transducers
Larger diameter transducers
32 Contact transducers are used for direct contact inspections, and are
generally:
Used with an immersion tank
Used with an automated system
Used on complicated shaped parts
Hand manipulated

33 The combined effect of scattering and absorption is called:

Shear factor
Propagation
Attenuation
Impedance

34 In the transverse or shear wave, the particles:

Move in an elliptical pattern
Oscillate at a right angle to the direction of wave propagation
Oscillate parallel to the direction of wave propagation
Do not actually move

35 When an ultrasound wave passes through an interface between two

materials at an oblique angle, and the materials have different indices of
refraction, it produces:
Reflected waves
Refracted waves
Interface waves
Both A and B

36 The ability to locate a small discontinuity is called:

Resolution
Sensitivity
Wavelength
Frequency
37 Angle beam transducers and wedges are typically used to introduce a:
Reflected shear wave into the part
Longitudinal wave into the part
Shear wave into the part
Compression wave into the part

38 Longitudinal waves are also called:

Surface waves
Pressure waves
Compressional waves
Both B and C are correct

39 The measure of how a signal from a defect compared to other background

reflections is called:
Acoustic impedance
Signal to noise ratio
Refraction
Reflection

40 Couplant displaces the__________ and makes it possible to get more sound

energy into the test specimen.
Surface rust
Surface blemishes
Sound energy
Air

41 Which of the following would make a good couplant?

Water
Oil
Glycerin
All of the above

42 What Greek letter is used to represent wavelength?

l
o
g
None of the above

43 The active element of most acoustic transducers used today is:

Lithium
Piezoelectric ceramic
Sulfide
Quartz

44 Which type of screen presentation displays the amount of received

ultrasonic energy as a function of time?
A-scan
B-scan
C-scan
All of the above

45 Which of the following could influence the behavior of a transducer?

Electrical construction
Material construction
Mechanical construction
All of the above

46 Sound can propagate as:

Longitudinal waves
Shear waves
Surface waves
All of the above

47 Contact transducers often incorporate a:

Composite frequency adjustment
Vibration suppressor
Wear plate
Phase adjustment sensor

48 The purpose of the backing material in a transducer is to:

Direct the sound out of the transducer
Provide impedance matching between the active element and the test
component
Control the ringing of the active element
None of the above

49 What is used to establish a general level of consistency in measurements,

and to help interpret and quantify the information contained in the received
signal?
Reference standards
Industry standards
Accuracy standards
Modeling standards

50 Which of the following waves is only able to travel through a thin section of
material?
A longitudinal wave
A shear waves
A surface wave
A lamb wave

Some transducers are specifically fabricated to be:

Better transmitters
Better receivers
Used in high temperature applications
All of the above

The act of evaluating and adjusting the precision and accuracy of the
measurement equipment is called:
Standardization
Calibration
Accuracy
Tuning

Artificial flaws can be produced by using:

Side drilled holes
Flat bottom holes
EDM notches
All of the above

What type of set-up can provide information about both the size of the flaw
and distance between the flaw and the transducer?
Through transmission
Pitch/catch with two transducers
Pulse echo
Both B and C

Which of the following would make a good couplant?

Water
Oil
Glycerin
All of the above

Which of the following ultrasonic techniques require the probe to be held firmly
against component?
Contact inspection
Weld inspection
Angle beam inspection
All of the above

The total resistance that the cable presents to the electrical current passing
through it is called
Attenuation
Impedance
Shielding
Resistance

Which type of transducer will have better resolution?

A slightly damped transducer
A small size and low frequency transducer
A highly damped transducer
All of the above

The bandwidth of a transducer is often determined by evaluating the frequency

domain plot of a transduce and determining the frequences that are _______
below the amplitude of the peak frequency.
3 dB
6 dB
9 dB
12 dB

Less damped transducers will exhibit:

A wide frequency range
A wide resolution range
A shift in frequency range
A narrow frequency range

What part of the ultrasonic machine generates short, large-amplitude pulses of

controlled energy?
Pulser
Amplifier
Transducer
Scanner

Shear waves do not propagate in:

Solids
Gases
Liquids
Both B and C are correct

DAC stands for:

Distance Application Code
Direct Amplitude Code
Distance Amplitude Correction
Divergence Application Couplant

A calibration block produced by the International Institute of Welding is called:

An IIW block
A DSC block
A rompus block
A shear wave calibration block
Ultrasound is generally defined as sound at frequency above the threshold of
human hearing, which is?
20,000 MHz
20,000 Hz
2 MHz
2 Hz

The sound energy or ultrasonic beam is more uniform in the:

Far field zone
Near field zone
Interface between the transducer and plastic wedge
Band along the central axis

What is used to support the active element and dampen the transducers
characteristics?
Resin
Oil
Backing material with a similar the impedance of the transducer
Any of the above will work

As frequency increases, sound tends to:

Become more compressed
Scatter more from large or course grain structure
Convert to a different wave mode
Become more penetrating