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Chapter 5
Site Work
Topics
1.0.0 Site Survey
2.0.0 Permits
3.0.0 Surveying Instruments
4.0.0 Differential Leveling
5.0.0 Site/Building Layout
6.0.0 Classifying Soils
7.0.0 Soils Testing
8.0.0 Soil Stabilization
Overview
Your job as the Builder petty officer is to direct your crewmembers in preparing the
construction site before pouring foundations or erecting walls. Your work begins with
site surveys using specialized surveying equipment and methods. You will pull building
permits for various aspects of the project, working closely with local authorities. Once
that work is underway, begin site and building layout. Leveling and grading are key
components in building sound structures, with competent work taking into account the
types of soils with which you are working. Soils testing can help you determine whether
you need to perform any soil stabilization before construction begins.
This chapter introduces you to the concepts of site surveys, including construction
surveys, bench marks, datum, and mean sea level. You will learn about earthwork
operations, including pioneering, grubbing, stripping, and drainage. You will get an
introduction to permits that need to be coordinated with local agencies for construction
projects, including utility interruption requests, excavation requests, and road closure
requests.
This chapter describes the common types of leveling instruments; including their
principles, uses, procedures of establishing elevations, and techniques of laying out
building lines. As a Builder, you will find the information especially useful in performing
such duties as setting up a level, reading a leveling rod, interpreting and setting grade
stakes, and setting batter boards.
Information on classifying and testing soils is included in this chapter. You will learn
about practices and measures to stabilize soil on construction sites, which can also help
prevent slides and cave-ins at excavation sites.
Figure 5-5 Sample format showing hourly heights of tide required for
computing average mean sea level (MSL).
The heights on this form are added both horizontally and vertically. Enter the total sum
covering seven days of record in the lower right-hand corner of the page. Find the mean
for each calendar month by combining all daily sums for the month and dividing by the
total number of hours in the month. Enter the monthly mean, to two decimal places, on
the sheet that includes the record for the last day of the month. Yearly means are
determined from the monthly means, and a mean is taken of all yearly means for the
Date:
From: Naval Mobile Construction Battalion
To: Public Works Department
1. Request authorization for a scheduled utility interruption involving the following utilities:
Electric Water
Steam Sewerage
Communication Other
2. Location:_________________________________________________________________________
3. Planned start
date/time:________________________________________________________________________
4. Planned completion
date/time:________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
Signature/printed name of requestor
1. Returned APPROVED/DISAPPROVED
_____________________________________________________________
2. Method of
excavation:________________________________________________________________
4. Planned completion date (including backfill, compaction, ground cover, paving repair, etc.):
____________________________________________________
Signature/printed name of requestor
Approved/
Code Work Center Disapproved Signature Date Phone Remarks
Line Crew
Water Crew
Engineering
1. Returned APPROVED/DISAPPROVED
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
Signature/printed name of requestor
Approved/
Code Work Center Disapproved Signature Date Phone Remarks
Line Crew
Water Crew
Engineering
1. Returned APPROVED/DISAPPROVED
____________________________________________________
The Philadelphia rod consists of two sliding sections, which can be fully extended to a
total length of 13.10 feet. When the sections are entirely closed, the total length is 7.10
feet. For direct readings, or readings on the face of the rod, of up to 7.10 and 13.10 feet,
the rod is used extended and read on the back by the rodman. If you are in the field and
dont have a Philadelphia rod, you can use a 1 by 4 with a mark or a 6 foot wooden ruler
attached to a 2 by 4.
Figure 5-20 Philadelphia rod set for target reading of less than 7,000 feet.
The rod shown in the figures is graduated in feet and hundredths of a foot. Each even
foot is marked with a large red numeral. Between each pair of adjacent red numerals,
the intermediate tenths of a foot are marked with smaller black numerals. Each
intermediate hundredth of a foot between each pair of adjacent tenths is indicated by
the top or bottom of one of the short, black dash graduations.
C= A2 + B 2
Figure 5-29 Use of batter boards (with battens) for utility stakeout.