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CONTENTS Page
1. GENERAL 3
1.1 Scope 3
1.2 Related Sections 3
1.3 Standards 3
1.4 Trade Preamble 5
1.5 Abbreviations 6
2. PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS 7
2.1 Contractors Brief 7
4. WORKMANSHIP 22
4.1 Fabrication and installation methods 22
4.2 Fabrication 22
4.3 Erection 23
4.4 Installation 24
4.5 Protection and Cleaning 24
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1. GENERAL
Read with the General Requirements section, and all other contract documents.
1.1 Scope
This section covers the work requirements for the Metal cladding systems installed as
facades of buildings. It covers the commonly used Aluminium and Stainless Steel
panels. These will generally be used to clad a backing wall which may or may not
form a weathertight barrier.
1.3 Standards
Unless otherwise agreed by the SO, ensure all of the Works comply with the relevant
requirements of the Standards and Codes listed below or referenced in the body of
the Specification. Alternative Standards and Codes may be proposed for approval by
the SO, provided it can be demonstrated that the alternative Standards and Codes
comply with the requirements of the standards specified. All Standards and Codes
quoted are the current version, unless specific year references are noted.
Singapore Standards
BCR Singapore Building Control Regulations
SS 370 Metal roofing
SS CP 89 Code of practice for metal roofing
Other Standards
BS 1161 Aluminium alloy sections for structural purposes
BS 5080 parts Structural fixings in concrete
1&2
BS 5250 Condensation prediction
BS 5950 Structural use of steel in buildings
BS 6213 Guide to the Selection of Construction Sealants
BS 5889 Silicone sealants
BS 8118 Structural use of Aluminium
BS 6180 Barriers in and about buildings
BS 6496 Specification for powder organic coatings for applicationand
stoving to aluminium alloy extrusions, sheet and preformed
sections
BS 6651 Code of practice for protection of structures against lightning
BS 7430 Code of practice for earthing
BS 8200 Code of practice for for design of non loadbearing external
vertical enclosures to buildings
BS EN 499 Welding consumables covered electrodes for manual
metal arc welding of non alloy and fine grain steels -
classification
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1.4.6 Warranty
Provide a ten-year warranty in accordance with contract conditions for the entire
cladding system including all components and accessories for the specified
performance.
1.5 Abbreviations
a. BMU Building maintenance
unit
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2. PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS
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Sustain and safely transmit loads at BMU restraint points as advised by BMU
manufacturer (or a default value of 3.5kN) in any direction.
2.1.1.7 Barrier loading
Where the metal cladding or its sub-frame provides protection to a fall, sustain and
safely transmit safely each of the following static horizontal loads acting separately:
0.75 kN/m for all occupied spaces acting in all directions at a height of 1.0 m above
finished floor level,
A uniformly distributed load of 1.0 kN/m and a point load of 0.5kN acting on any part,
up to and including 1.0 m above finished floor level.
Sustain and safely transmit crowd loading if requirement confirmed by SO.
2.1.1.8 Loading from temporary conditions
Sustain and safely transmit any temporary loading that may arise from lifting, storing,
transporting, hoisting and installing metal cladding or other Works that may affect the
metal cladding.
2.1.1.9 Combinations of loading
Sustain and safely transmit combinations of loads determined in accordance with the
procedures set out in B(C)R.
2.1.1.10 Metal cladding framing deflection limits for serviceability under load
Determine the positive and negative design loads in all directions from the most
onerous combination of loads.
Achieve serviceability deflection limits under the combined design loads not
exceeding 1/200 of the span of the member measured between points of attachment
to the building, or 20 mm, whichever is the lesser.
All framing members are to recover fully from the above deflections when the loads
are removed.
Horizontal panels dead load deflections to be less than L/180.
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Design anchors and their connection to the building structure in order to resist
loading. Take account of structural and metal cladding tolerances to determine
loading and eccentricity.
Identify requirements for any cast in anchors and pass this information to the
concrete contractor for incorporation in structure.
2.1.2.3 Cast-in anchor design
Design cast-in anchors and their connection to the building structure in order to resist
loading. Take account of tolerances in structure and metal cladding to determine
loading and eccentricity
Provide calculations verifying that cast in inserts will resist the loading as follows:
No permanent deformation of the insert at 1.5 times design load
No failure of the insert at 2 times the design load
No failure of structural concrete at 3 times the design working load
Identify locations of cast in anchors and pass this information to the concrete
contractor for incorporation in structure.
2.1.2.4 Components subject to the full wind load
Design the air seal and all components external to this to resist the full cladding
design pressure.
2.1.2.5 Vibration and repetitive loading
Resist working loose of anchors and other components due to the effects of
vibrations, or cyclic effects of load, deflections and thermal expansion.
2.1.2.6 Locked in stresses
Avoid the introduction of locked-in stresses that may be detrimental to the
performance of the metal cladding.
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Gather any additional climatic data required from the Singapore Meteorological
Observatory.
Submit for review to the SO any additional assumptions concerning temperatures,
humidity levels, etc.
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deflections, creep, wind sway, twisting and racking and thermal and moisture
movement.
c. Changes due to movement of any joint in the supporting structure or building
frame.
d. Deflection of framing members under design dead loads and live loads.
Incorporate these calculations in the design.
e. Thermal and moisture-induced movements of the metal cladding. Incorporate
these in the design based on maximum range of temperature and humidity.
Propose nominal, minimum and maximum joint widths accounting for tolerances and
movements for the SOs acceptance.
Refer to the PSD for design movements and deflections to account for.
2.1.4.2 Structural Tolerances
Accommodate construction tolerances on structure and back up walls as indicated in
the PSD.
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2.1.7 Functionality
2.1.7.1 Appearance
Achieve the mandatory geometry presented on the Architects drawings.
Achieve colours and appearances presented on the Architects drawings.
Achieve an appearance of visually flat panels. No oil-canning or visual distortion. No
grinning through of stiffeners.
2.1.7.2 Maintenance and replacement
Design metal cladding to permit removal and replacement of individual assemblies
without affecting adjacent assemblies or supporting framework.
2.1.7.3 Drainage
Design and install so that drainage of rainwater is predominantly at the outer face.
Provide internal drainage within all framing members in order to provide continuous
and sequential secondary drainage of any water passing the outermost seals under
gravity.
Provide means for drainage from all items in the cavity to prevent collection of water
or to direct water further inwards.
Provide drainage to the outside for all internal cavities. Maximum vertical spacing
between flashings to be 12m.
Provide continuity at watertightness within internal gutters at all splices between
framing members and changes of direction, whilst at the same time allowing for
movements concentrated at these positions due to thermal expansions and
contractions
Ensure continuity of weathertightness to adjacent roof waterproofing finishes and
upstands.
Ensure disposal of rainwater from metal cladding into rainwater disposal system by
providing gutters where necessary to prevent run off over pavements.
Ensure no ponding occurs on horizontal surfaces.
2.1.7.4 Security performance
Resist wilful dismantling in order to gain unauthorised entry or vandalism.
2.1.7.5 Infestation
Resist attack or infestation by micro-organisms, fungi, insects, reptiles, birds or bats
and rodents.
2.1.8 Constructability
The system shall be designed to maximise prefabrication. Factory finished elements
to be erected directly with minimal site works.
Elements of the sub-frame shall be prefabricated and no site welding or tack welding
to be permitted, unless incorporated into the design and clearly identified on
submission drawings.
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3.2.2 Compatibility
Materials shall be selected, designed and installed to prevent bimetallic corrosion.
All materials shall be compatible with the other materials around it within its range of
influence for the service life of the metal cladding.
3.3 Aluminium
3.3.1 Extrusions
Designation 6063, temper T6 of BS 1474 unless otherwise agreed with SO
Comply with BS EN 486, BS EN 573-3 and BS 1161.
Minimum wall thickness in structural parts of 2.5mm.
Platforms, webs, flanges, races and screw flutes of sufficient size to satisfy all
structural requirements and eliminate distortion of elements in the metal cladding.
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All internal and external corners are to be V-cut and folded with an aluminium-
reinforcing angle bonded internally.
Minimum bond strength (ASTM D-1781-76) 178 Nm/m
Allowable bending strength 79N/mm
Coefficient of expansion (ASTM E228) 2.36x10-5 mm/mm/C
Tensile yield stress (ASTM D-638-82a) 44N/mm
3.4.3 Finishes
1G/2G (3A) Ground: Coarse, unidirectional texture; low reflectivity.
1J/2J (3B or 4) Brushed or dull polished: Unidirectional texture; smoother than
1G/2G; low reflectivity.
1K/2K (5) Satin polished: Smoother than 1J/2J. Suitable for marine and external
architectural applications.
1P/2P (7 or 8) Bright buffed/polished: Nondirectional finish with high degree of
reflectivity. Achieved by mechanical polishing.
Note the references in brackets are the nearest equivalent finishes to the superseded
BS 1449-2.
The finish is achieved on the exposed surface only unless specified otherwise.
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3.6.1 Generally
Apply coats after completion of fabrication and drilling of all fixing holes.
Remove all burrs and sharp amses prior to coating.
3.6.2 Galvanizing
Galvanizing shall be to BS EN ISO 1461.
Provide all necessary vent and drain holes in approved locations and seal to approval
after galvanizing.
3.6.7 Anodizing
Anodizing to aluminium surfaces shall be to BS 3987 for external applications and to
BS 1615 to general internal applications.
3.6.9 Anodizing
Comply with AS1231 thickness grade 25.
3.6.10 PVF2
Wet applied fluoropolymer to comply with AAMA 2605-2 1998.
Resin content minimum of 70%, minimum coating 25 microns.
Coating shall be supplied by a single applicator.
PVF2 coating shall (be / have)
a. Dense and consistent
b. Minimum cured coating thickness 25 microns.
c. Fully cured
d. No seeding
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e. Free from flow lines, streaks, pin holes, blisters, orange peel, tears, damage,
contamination, inclusions and other defects and surface imperfections when
viewed from a distance of 1meter under normal diffused daylight.
f. Neither be significantly thicker or thinner than adjacent areas nor be split at
changes of angle.
g. No exposed areas of uncoated metal.
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3.8.1 General
3.8.1.1 Stainless steel
Use stainless steel fixings and fasteners with stainless steel and aluminium, or with
non-metallic components wherever wetting may occur. Stainless steel fasteners may
have hardened tips of other composition for self-drill and self-tap screws only. Use
grade A4 to BS 6105 where visible, may be reduced to grade A2 to BS 6105 where
not visible.
3.8.1.2 Carbon steel bolts with carbon steel components
Ordinary bolts and nuts to BS EN 24032, BS EN 24033, BS EN 24034. All plain and
tapered washers to BS 4320, Form E.
Nuts to BS 4190 for grade 8.8.
The use of zinc plating to BS 1706 Fe/Zn 8 is acceptable where serrated fixings are
used.
3.8.3 Brackets
Use stainless steel or aluminium brackets and stainless steel fixings wherever wetting
may occur (including condensation)
Brackets shall (have / be):
a. Resist all loads, movements and dimensional changes that may occur in the
building due to thermal changes, deflections, settlement and creep.
b. Resist all loads, movements and dimensional changes that may occur to the
metal cladding.
c. Allow for construction tolerance in the all components and structure.
d. Adjust by small increments in and out, up and down and side to side
e. Use lock nuts to prevent loosening due to movements and/or vibrations.
f. State the torque values for tightening all bolts on the Contractor's drawings
g. State the maximum allowable shim dimension on the Contractor's drawings and
verify the capacity of the bolt by calculation for this case. Shimming shall not be
greater than 10mm.
h. Shims shall be of the same metal as the bracket.
3.9 Insulation
Thermal insulation, where included, shall (be / have):
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a. Inert, durable, rot and vermin proof, CFC and HCFC free.
b. Not support mould fungal or bacteria growth.
c. Maintain the specified performance throughout the service life of the metal
cladding.
Allow for reduced performance of insulation due to the effects of moisture and ageing.
3.10 Membranes
Membranes within the metal cladding shall (be / have):
a. Butyl or EPDM
b. Mechanically fixed
c. Formed into shapes compatible with the building interfaces
d. Achieve necessary continuity by vulcanising the seams.
e. Seal all joints and penetrations.
f. UV resistant
g. The necessary tensile strength and elasticity for their application
h. Water vapour permeability appropriate for their application.
3.11 Gaskets
All gaskets shall (be / have):
a. Extruded EPDM complying with the provisions of BS 4255.
b. Cellular profiled gaskets shall comply with ASTM C509.
3.12 Sealants
Select and install in accordance with BS 6213.
Use in accordance with the manufacturers directions, particularly relating to the use
of primers.
Sealants shall (be / have):
a. Non-gassing polyethylene closed cell foam backing rods
b. Primers and joint preparation materials as recommended by the sealant
manufacturer.
Silicone sealants shall comply with BS 5889.
Refer colour selection of any visibly exposed sealants to the SO.
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4. WORKMANSHIP
4.2 Fabrication
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4.3 Erection
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Within the length of any joint (including in line continuations across transverse joints)
the greatest width shall not exceed the least width by more than 10%. Any variation
shall be evenly distributed with no sudden changes.
The offset end elevation between nominally in-line edges across a transverse joint
shall be not more than 10% of the width of the transverse joint or 2mm.
The offset in plan or section between flat faces of adjacent panels across any joint
shall not be more than 10% of the width of the joint or 1.0 mm whichever is lesser.
4.4 Installation
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5.1 Submissions
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i. The Design Wind Load used (including all local coefficients and calculation
method)
5.3 Warranty
Submit the warranty for the SOs acceptance upon completion of the works.
5.5.1 Mock-ups
Subsequent to acceptance of detail design and prior to production, fabricate and build
at locations as directed a full size visual mock up for the SO to review.
Undertake any modifications throughout the metal cladding system identified from the
mock-up by the SO in order to meet the performance requirements and design intent.
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5.6 Inspection
No items.
5.7 Tests
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