ANALYSIS OF THREE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR

Aim:

a) To calculate the Machine Parameters of 3 phase Induction motor using

Blocked rotor and No-load tests
b) To study and analyze the performance of 3 phase Induction motor

Name Plate Details of the machine:

Rated Voltage 415V

Rated Current 7.5A
Rated Speed 1430rp
m
Rated Power 3.7kW
No. of Poles 4
Connection

Determination of Machine parameters:

Observations:

No-Load Test

No-Load No-Load Line Wattmeter Wattmeter Speed(rpm)

Supply Current(Io) (W1) (W2)
Voltage(Vo)
392 3.5 104 73 1499

Multiplication factor: 8

Blocked Rotor Test

Short-Circuit Supply Short Circuit Line Wattmeter(Wsc)

Voltage(Vsc) Current(Isc)
70 7.5 100
Multiplication factor: 4
Measurement for Stator Resistance

Sno. DC Voltage(Vdc) DC Current(Idc) Rdc

1 5 1 5
2 10 2 5
3 15 3.04 4.91
4 20 4.2 4.761
Rdc(avg) = 4.917 ohms

Rac (R1) = Rdc(avg)*1.1=5.4087 ohms

Formulae used to calculate machine parameters:

1. No Load Input Power (Wo) = (W1+W2)
2. No load Phase Current (Ipo) = Io/ 3
3. No-load power factor (cos ) = Wo/(3*Vo*Ipo)
4. Rw = Vo/Ipo cos
5. Xm = Vo/Ipo sin
6. Short Circuit Phase Current (Ipsc) = Isc/ 3
2
7. Total Resistance per phase (Ro1) = Wsc/3* Ipsc
8. Total Impedance per phase (Zo1) = Vsc/Ipsc
2 2
9. Leakage Impedance per phase ( Xo 1 Zo 1 Ro 1
10. X1 = X2 = Xo1/2
11. R2 = Ro1 R1

Calculated values of Machine Parameters:

1. Rw = 325.58
2. Xm =241.677
3. R1 = 5.409
4. R2 = 1.703
5. X1 = 7.259
6. X2 = 7.259

Equivalent Circuit Diagram:

Performance Analysis:

1. To analyze Efficiency vs. Output Power by varying percentage

loading

Formulae used for analysis:

I rated
1. Stator Current (I1) = x.* where x = percentage
loading
2
2. Stator no-load loss (Ls) = 3* Ipo *R1 where Ipo = no load Input
Power
3. Constant Losses (Wc) = Wo-Ls where Wo = no load Input
Power
2
4. Copper Losses (Wcu) = 3* I 1 *(R1+R2)
5. Output Power (Pout) = x.*Prated
6. efficiency = Pout/(Pout + Wc + Wcu)

Inference and conclusions:

With increase in output power, efficiency increases since there is an increase

in variable losses. The efficiency continues its increment with output power
till variable losses equals constant losses. After this, the variable losses
become greater than constant losses , hence efficiency decreases with
output power.
2. To analyze Efficiency versus Slip ( for two different percentage
loadings(x) by varying slip):
Formulae used:
1. Pin= [ Pout + (1-s)Wc]/(1-s)
2. Pout= (x)*Prated; where x = percentage loading
3. Efficiency = (Pout/Pin)*100
= Pout(1-s)/(Pout + (1-s)Wc)

Inference and Conclusion:

Maximum efficiency in the induction motor is achieved when the rotor is

turning almost as fast as the magnetic field in the stator - a slip close to zero.
The slip at which maximum efficiency occurs is different from the slip at
which maximum torque occurs. In order to deliver increased torque for
higher loads, a slip higher than the slip for maximum efficiency may be
preferred.
3. To analyze Developed Torque vs. Slip by varying rotor resistance

Formulae used for analysis:

1. Stator Impedance (Z1) = R1+ jX1

2. Rotor Impedance (Z2) = (R2/s) + jX2
3. Shunt Impedance (Zm) = Rw + jXm
4. Zf = Z2.*Zm./(Z2+Zm)
5. Zth = Z1+Zf
6. Rload = (R2*(1-s))/s
7. Stator Current (I1) = Vs/Zth
8. Rotor Current (I2) = I1*Zm./(Zm+Z2)
9. Pout = Pmech = 3*abs(I2)*abs(I2)*Rload
10. N = (1-s)*Ns;
11. Tdev = Pout/( 2*pi/60*N)

Inference and Conclusions:

The torque slip characteristic curve is divided roughly into three regions.
They are given below.

Low slip region

Medium slip region
High slip region

The torque equation of the induction motor is given below.

Low Slip Region

At synchronous speed (Ns), s = 0, therefore, the torque is zero. At normal
speed which is very near to synchronous speed, the slip is very low and
(sX20)2 is negligible in comparison with R2. Hence it can be
neglected.Therefore,

As the Torque in this region is inversely proportional to the rotor

resistance, the Torque developed will decrease with increase in the external
resistance added to the rotor circuit. In this region the torque varies linearly
with slip and hence we get almost a straight line.

Medium Slip Region

When the slip approaches the critical value the maximum torque developed
is given as,

T max = K/2 X 2
Thus the amount of maximum torque is unaltered by the value of external
resistance in the rotor circuit. The maximum torque does not depend on R2
but the slip at which it attains is determined by R2.

High Slip Region

As the slip increases, the speed of the motor decreases. The term
(sX20)2 becomes large. The term R22 may be neglected in comparison with the
term (sX20)2 and the torque equation becomes as shown below,

In the high slip region, the Torque is directly proportional to the rotor
resistance and inversely proportional to slip and hence we obtain a
rectangular hyperbola graph. Thus the torque slip characteristics lies above
the characteristics obtained for slip rings short circuited.

Thus at starting conditions addition of external resistance gives higher

starting torque.
4. To analyze the variation of Stator Current vs. Slip

Formulae used for analysis:

1. Stator Impedance (Z1) = R1+ j*X1

2. Rotor Impedance (Z2) = (R2/s) + j*X2
3. Shunt Impedance (Zm) = Rw + j*Xm
4. Zf = Z2.*Zm./(Z2+Zm)
5. Zth = Z1+Zf
6. Rload = (R2*(1-s))/s
7. Stator Current (I1) = Vs/Zth

Inference and Conclusions:

The torque equation of the induction motor is given below.

In the stable operating region the slip is very low and (sX20)2 is negligible in
comparison with R2. Therefore,

Also
T I2 cos 2

Thus initially with increase in slip, the rotor current increases thereby
increasing the stator current as well.

As slip value increases the term (sX20)2 becomes large and hence cant be
neglected. The term R22 may be neglected in comparison with the term
(sX20)2 and the torque equation thus becomes as shown below,

Thus Torque decreases with increase in slip leading to decrease in the stator
current.

5. To analyze the variation of Speed for varying Supply Voltage for 2

different values of frequencies

Formulae used for analysis:

1. P2 = Pdev +Ploss
2. Pdev = (1-s) * P2
3. Ploss = s*P2
4. P2 = 3* V22 / R2
5. S=( NS N)/NS
Inference and conclusions:

The torque equation of the induction motor is given below

X2
Neglecting s in the denominator term and assuming E Vs we get,

2
N Vs

Thus with increase in supply voltage, the speed of the motor increases and
we get parabolic curve.

6. To analyze the variation of Speed by varying the Rotor Resistance

for 2 different values of Torques

Formulae used for analysis:

1. P2 = Pdev +Ploss
2. Pdev = (1-s) * P2
3. Ploss = s*P2
4. P2 = 3* V22 / R2
5. S=( NS N)/NS
Inference and Conclusions:

The torque equation of the induction motor is given below

X2
Neglecting s in the denominator term we get,N 1R 2 .Thus with
increase in rotor resistance, the speed of the motor decreases and we get a
rectangular hyperbolic curve.

LOAD TEST ON 3 PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR

Aim:

a) To perform Load test on a 3 phase Induction motor

b) Compute Torque, Output power, Input power, Efficiency, Input power
factor and Slip for every load setting and to determine how speed,
efficiency, power factor, stator current, torque, and slip of an induction
motor vary with load

Name Plate Details of the machine:

Rated Voltage 415V

Rated Current 7.5A
Rated Speed 1430rp
m
Rated Power 3.7kW
No. of Poles 4
Connection

Procedure:

1. The connections were given as per the circuit diagram.

2. The experiment was performed and the observations were
tabulated.
3. Analysis was performed and accordingly Inferences were noted
down.
Observation Table:

S.n Is( Pin(W Vs( S1( S2( N(rp T(N Pout( Efficienc
o A) ) V) kg) kg) m) PF Slip m) W) y(%)
39 149 0.00
1 3.4 260 2 0 0 3 0.45 46 0 0 0
38 148 0.74 0.01 8.82 1370.
2 4.0 500 8 1.5 9.5 2 4 2 9 17 68.5
38 14. 147 0.77 0.01 13.7 2129.
3 4.5 580 6 2 5 4 11 7 9 34 91.78
38 146 0.79 0.02 13.7 2120.
4 5.0 660 4 2.5 15 8 4 1 9 67 80.33
38 16. 146 0.78 0.02 14.8 2284.
5 5.5 720 4 3 5 4 7 4 9 1 79.3
38 19. 146 0.02 17.6 2699.
6 6.0 800 4 3.5 5 0 0.8 7 6 66 84.364
38 145 0.79 0.03 19.8 3022.
7 6.5 860 4 4 22 3 6 1 6 56 87.86
38 23. 144 0.03 22.0 3346.
8 7.0 920 4 3.5 5 8 0.79 5 7 85 90.95
38 144 0.82 23.7 3577.
9 7.5 1020 0 3.5 25 0 6 0.04 3 98 87.69

Belt Thickness (t): 5mm Diameter of brake drum : 22 cm

Formulae used for analysis:

1. Circumference of the brake drum = 2R (m) R = Radius of the brake

drum
2. Input power(Pin) =W (watts) W = wattmeter readings
t
3. Torque (T) = 9.81 ( R+ 2 ) (S1 ~ S2) (N-m) S1, S2 =

spring balance readings (Kg)

4. Output power = 2NT/60 (watts) N- Speed in rpm
5. % Efficiency = Pout/Pin *100 Pout = Output Power Pin = Input
Power
6. Power factor, cos = Pin/( 3 *Vs*Is) Vs = Supply Voltage Is =
Stator Current
7. % Slip, s = (Ns-N)/Ns * 100 Ns = synchronous speed = 120* f/P (rpm)
P = no. of poles f=frequency of supply (Hz)
Inference and Conclusions:

Developed Torque vs. Output Power:

With increase in load the net torque decreases momentarily. In

order to maintain the net torque constant the developed torque increases.

Speed vs. Output Power:

With increase in load the speed decreases due to decrease in net

torque.

Slip vs. Output Power:

With increase in the load, the developed torque increases. The

torque equation of the induction motor is given below

X2
Neglecting s in the denominator term we get,

T s

Thus slip increases with increase in load (output power)

Power factor vs. Output Power: With the increase in load, Torque developed
increases. For this to happen the real component of the rotor current should
increase, (since flux is constant) due to which the power factor increases.
(T I2 cos 2)

Stator Current vs. Output Power: With the increase in load, Torque developed
increases. For this to happen the real component of the rotor current should
increase, (since flux is constant) due to which the rotor current increases
thus increasing the stator current.

(T I2 cos 2)

This can also be realized by the increase in the slip value with increase in
load which causes the net resistance in the rotor circuit to decrease thereby
increasing the rotor current. Thus the current drawn from the supply (stator
current) will also increase with increase in output power

Efficiency vs. Output Power: Initially with increase in output power, efficiency
increases along with increase in variable losses. The increase in efficiency
continues till variable losses equals constant losses beyond which efficiency
decreases with increase in output power.

SPEED CONTROL OF 3 PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR USING ROTOR

RESISTANCE STARTER

Aim:

To perform speed control of a 3 phase Induction Motor using Rotor Resistance

Starter

Name Plate Details of the machine:

 Rated Voltage 415V
Rated Speed 1400rp
m
Rated Power 3.7kW

Procedure:

1. The connections were given as per the circuit diagram.

2. The experiment was performed and the observations were tabulated.
3. Analysis was performed and accordingly Inferences were noted down.

Observation Table:

S.No Current(I) Speed(N)

1 3.8 1107
2 3.8 1217
3 3.85 1346
4 3.9 1504

Inference and Conclusions:

The torque equation of the induction motor is given below

In the operating region the slip value is very less thus (sX20)2 is negligible in
comparison with R2. Therefore,

For a given load if the rotor resistance is increased then in order to maintain
the torque constant the slip value has to increase. This causes the speed of
the motor to fall. The vice versa condition also holds true.
SYNCHRONOUS AND INDUCTION MACHINES

LAB REPORT

3 PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR

 M.Mohamed Sarfraz

107115054

SYNCHRONOUS AND INDUCTION MACHINES

LAB REPORT

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 Nandan Bhaskaran

107115056

SYNCHRONOUS AND INDUCTION MACHINES

LAB REPORT

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Naveen N

107115058