Settlement
Yustian Heri Suprapto
Layout
Elastic Settlement
Primary Consolidation Settlement
Settlement
In the design of any foundation, one must consider the safety
against bearing capacity failure as well as against excessive
settlement of foundation (Das, 2009).
In the design of most foundations, there are specifications for
allowable levels of settlement.
Settlement
The settlement of foundation can have three components:
Elastic settlement
Primary consolidation settlement
Secondary consolidation settlement
The total settlement can be expressed as :
St = Se + Sc + Ss
Type of Settlements
Elastic settlement caused by deformation of dry soil, as
well as moist and saturated soils, without any change in
moisture content.
Primary consolidation settlement time dependent process
that occur in clayey soils located below the g.w.l. as a result of
the colume change in soil because of the expullsoin of water
that occupies the void spaces.
Secondary consolidation settlement follows the primary
consolidation process in saturated clay soils and is a result of
the plastic adjustment of soil fabrics.
Settlement
Any type of settlement
is a function of the
additional stress
imposed on the soil by
the foundation.
It needs to know the
relationships for
calculating the stress
increase in the soil
caused by aapplication
of load to the
foundation.
Elastic Settlement
1 s
S e B Ip
Es
Immediate Settlement
Calculation
Schleicher (1926) expressed the influence factor for the
corner of a flexible rectangular footing as:
1 1 m 2 1
Ip m1 ln 1 ln(m m 2 1)
m1 1 1
Das, 2009
Budhu, 2010
Values of Poissons Ratio
Das, 2009 Budhu, 2010
Example
Improved Relationship fo
Immediate Settlement
Mayne and Poulos (1999) this relationship takes into
account:
the rigidity of the foundation
the depth of embedment of the foundation
the increase in the modulus of elasticity of soil with depth
the location of rigid layers at limited depth.
Improved Relationship fo
Immediate Settlement
To use this relationship, one needs to determine the
equivalent diameter of rectangular foundation, which is:
4 BL
Be