AREA BY DMD
OVERVIEW:
Bearing
N
LATITUDES AND DEPARTURES:
The closure of a traverse is checked by computing the B
latitudes and departures of each of it sides. Latitude AB
The latitude of a line is its projection on the northsouth
meridian W E
The departure of a line is its projection on the east west A Departure AB
line
North has a positive latitude and south has a negative S
latitude
East has a positive departure and west has a negative departure
A northeasterly bearing has: + Latitude and + Departure
Rule 1: The DMD of the first course is equal to the departure of the course.
Rule 2: The DMD of any other course is equal to the DMD of the preceding course,
plus the departure of the course itself.
Rule 3: The DMD of the last course is numerically equal to the departure of that course,
but with the opposite sign.
If the rules have been followed correctly, the DMD of the last course will be equal to
departure of the last course with its sign changed.
The altitude is the latitude of the course, and the average of the bases of the several
courses is equal to the perpendicular distance to each course of the meridian.
ALGORITHM:
Solution:
LATITUDES = LENGTH * cos (bearing) ( 73 38 )= 65.07
LAT 12=42.48 cos ( 32 47 )=35.71 DEP4 5=67.82 sin
( 56 5 ) = 66.36 ( 77 49 ) = 56.02
LAT 23 =118.93 cos DEP56=57.31sin
( 73 38 ) = 19.11 DEP=0
LAT 45=67.82 cos
( 77 49 )=12.0 9
LAT 5 6 =57.31cos
( 07 )=51.37
LAT 6 1 =51.37 cos DMD:
DMD 12=23.0 0
LAT =0
DMD 23=23.0023.0 098.69=144.6 9
DEPARTURES = LENGTH * sin DMD 34=144.6998.69+0.70=242.6 8
(bearing)
DEP12=42.48 sin ( 32 47 )=23.00 DMD 45=242.68+0.70+ 65.07=176.91
2 A 34=242.6 813.70=3324.72
2 A= -14816.04 m2
2 A 45=176.9 119.1 1=3380.75
14816.04
AREA = = 7408.02 m2
2
IF function: The IF function is one of the most popular functions in Excel, and it
allows you to make logical comparisons between a value and what you expect. In its
simplest form, the IF function says:
So an IF statement can have two results. The first result is if your comparison is True, the
second if your comparison is False.
LATITUDE:
In row 3 column M, type: = if(i4="n",h4*cos(radians(j4+(k4/60))),-h4*cos(radians(j4+
(k4/60))))
Statement i4="n"
Value if true h4*cos(radians(j4+(k4/60)))
Value if false -h4*cos(radians(j4+(k4/60)))
DEPARTURE:
In row 3 column N, type: =if(l4="e",h4*sin(radians(j4+(k4/60))),-h4*sin(radians(j4+
(k4/60))))
Statement l4="e"
Value if true h4*sin(radians(j4+(k4/60)))
Value if false -h4*sin(radians(j4+(k4/60))))
FOR DMD:
M N O
1
2
3 LATITUDE DEPARTURE DMD
4 -35.71 -23.00 ???
5 66.36 -98.69 ???
6 13.70 0.70 ???
7 19.11 65.07 ???
8 -12.09 56.02 ???
9 -51.37 -0.10 ???
FOR 2A:
M N O P
1
2
3 LATITUDE DEPARTURE DMD 2A
4 -35.71 -23.00 -23.00 ???
5 66.36 -98.69 -144.69 ???
6 13.70 0.70 -242.68 ???
7 19.11 65.07 -176.91 ???
8 -12.09 56.02 -55.82 ???
9 -51.37 -0.10 0.10 ???
10
11 SUMMATION: ???
12 AREA: ???