GUIDED READING LESSON 2 MATH (Pre- Algebra 8th grade)

Properties of Numbers and the Distributive Property

BACKGROUND AND MOTIVATION:

1. Show pictures featuring the properties of numbers. (Slides 1-8)

2. Distribute the Mental Math activity to students, and direct them to complete it as quickly
as they can, without calculators. Observe what strategies are being used. Have students
share their strategies, and ask how they knew to use them. This discussion will help know
what prior knowledge students possess. (Activity attached below)

3. Have students work in small groups to complete the Group Activity and Recording Sheet.
(Activity attached below)

Each group will be given three numbers to use for the activity:
Group 1: 4, 7, 9 (this will show commutative property of addition)
Group 2: 3, 6, 8 (this will show associative property of addition)
Group 3: 2, 4, 7 (this will show additive identity property)
Group 4: 3, 4, 5 (this will show commutative property of multiplication)
Group 5: 2, 3, 6 (this will show associative property of multiplication)
Group 6: 1, 6, 9 (this will show the multiplicative identity property)
Group 7: 2, 4, 7 (this will show the distributive property)
Group 8: 2, 8, 5 (this will show the additive inverse property)
Group 9: 56, 23, 74 (this will show the multiplicative inverse property)
Group 10: 3, 8, 5 (this will show the multiplicative property of zero)

4. In this activity, students should explore the properties of addition and multiplication in
small groups and summarize the properties on their own. Review and discuss as a class
giving students the formal names of the properties as needed.

5. In todays lesson, we will identify and apply different math properties.

We will also learn how the properties of operations with real numbers
assist us in mathematics.

VOCABULARY:

Commutative Properties (Slides 9-12)

Associative Properties (Slides 13-17)

Additive identity (Slides 19-22)

Multiplicative identity (Slides 23-26)

Identity Properties (Slides 19-26)

Distributive Property (Slides 27-30)

PURPOSE QUESTIONS:

1. What are the commutative properties of addition and multiplication?

(details, main ideas)

2. What are the associative properties of addition and multiplication?

(details, main ideas)

3. What are the identity properties of addition and multiplication? (details,

main ideas)

4. What is the additive identity number? (details, main ideas)

5. What is the multiplicative identity number? (details, main ideas)

6. What is the distributive property? (details, main ideas)

7. Name each property shown. (details)

A. 1+2=2+1
B. 8 (3 2)=( 8 3)2

C. 6 1=6

D. 33+0=33

E. ( 6 x ) y=6(xy )

8. What is the associative property of multiplication? (details)

A. c 1=c
B. a+0=a

C. 5( xy )=( 5 x ) y

D. 5 7=7 5
9. Determine which choice shows the commutative property of
multiplication. (details)
A. (9 7)+(9 8)=9(7+ 8)
B. 9 1=9

C. ( 9 7 ) 8=9 (7 8)

D. 9 7=7 9

10. Use commutative property of addition to rewrite the addition

sentence and find the sum. (details, following directions)



A.
4 +9=



B.
11+6=



C.

101+ 11=

11. Put the parentheses in the addition equations to satisfy the

associative property of addition. (details)
A. 9+(6+2)=9+ 6+2

B. 12+3+1=(12+3)+1

12. Use distributive property to multiply: (details, recognizing

sequence)
A. 4 (w +9)

B. (2+4 a)12

C. 7 (62m)

13. Which equation illustrates the identity property of addition?

(details, main ideas)
 A. (6 2)4=6(24)

B. 87+0=87

C. 16 10=10 16

D. 114=14

14. The _____________ property says that, changing the GROUPING of

numbers that are either being added or multiplied does NOT change
the value of it. (details, noting relationships)

15. The _____________ property multiplies the value outside the

brackets with each of the terms in the brackets. (details)

DISCUSSION QUESTIONS:

1. There is a prize for selling the most tickets to the school play. Alphonz,
Bela and Chalfont are the leaders. Alphonz sold 42 the first week, 59
the second week and 78 the third week. Bela sold 59 the first week,
and 78 the second week but has a disappointing third week, with only
42 sold. The first week, Chalfont sold 78, the second week he sold 59,
and the third week he also sold 42. Who wins the prize? Use
associative property of addition to show how you got your answer.
(details, main ideas, following directions, sequence)

2. On a business trip in Upstate New York, Mr. Floyd stopped several times
to buy gas. His car held 12.4 liters when he filled up the first time. At
his next gas stop, his car held 22.8 liters. The last time he stopped for
gas, the car held 18.6 liters. How many liters of gas did his car use on
the trip? (details, sequence, noting relationships)

3. Ames sells flashlights for $7.95 and batteries for $ 3.95. It offers 10 %
discount if you buy them together. One Saturday they sold 17
flashlight/ battery combinations, and on Sunday they sold 19. What
was their total value of sales of the flashlight/ battery combinations for
the weekend? (details, noting relationships, sequence)

4. In the _____________ property, the parenthesis (or brackets) can be

moved. (details, main ideas)

5. The _____________ property means the numbers can be swapped.

(details, main ideas)
 6. The rule that refers to grouping is _____________ property. (details, main
ideas)

7. Suppose your friend wrote 7(2 m+t)=14 m+t . What error did your

friend make? (details, main ideas)

ASSIGNMENT/ACTIVITIES:
1. Do problems 4-21 (odd numbers) and 33-36 on page 71
Do problems 1-15 and 22-35 (odd numbers) on page 76

2. Have students create property matching cards. (One card has the property name; a second
card has a numerical or symbolic example of the property; and the third card summarizes
what the property means in student words.) Have students represent the properties with a
poster, poem, story, skit, or song.

Mental Math
Name: ___________________ Date: ________________

Complete the following using mental math. Be ready to explain how you got your answers.

14+5+16 +25
1.

235648+0
2.
 3. 8907564 1

4. 45+37 +65+53

5. 25 9 4

6. 1523 0

7. 50 8 2

8. 1523 0

9. 5(3+7)

10. 34 43

Group Activity and Recording Sheet

Name: _____________________ Date: _________________
Group #1
 1. Pick two numbers from the envelope, and add them. Write down the exact sequence in
which you added them and the sum. _______________________________________

2. Change the order of the two numbers, and write down their sum.
______________________________________________________________________

3. Choose two numbers of your own, and repeat steps 1 and 2.

______________________________________________________________________

4. When you add numbers together, does the order in which you add them matter?
______________________________________________________________________

Group #2
1. Write down the three numbers in the envelope. Put parentheses around two, and add them
first. Then, add the third number. Write down the exact sequence, placement of the
parentheses, and the sum. ______________________________________________

2. Keep the three numbers in the exact same sequence, but change the placement of the
parentheses. Find the sum. Write this down.
________________________________________________________________________

3. Choose three numbers of your own, and repeat steps 1 and 2.

________________________________________________________________________

4. Does it matter how you group numbers with parentheses when adding?
________________________________________________________________________

Group #3
1. Pick a number from the envelope, and add zero to it.
_____________________________________________________________________

2. Repeat this process with another number in the envelope.

_____________________________________________________________________

3. Choose a number of your own, and add zero to it.

_____________________________________________________________________

4. What happens when you add zero to a number?

_____________________________________________________________________

Group #4
1. Pick two numbers and multiply them. Write down the exact sequence in which they were
multiplied and their product.
____________________________________________________________________
 2. Change the order of the two numbers, and write down their product.
_____________________________________________________________________

3. Choose two numbers of your own, and repeat steps 1 and 2.

_____________________________________________________________________

4. When you multiply numbers together, does the order in which you multiply them matter?
_____________________________________________________________________

Group #5
1. Write down the three numbers in the envelope. Put parentheses around two, and multiply
them first. Then, multiply the third number. Write down the exact sequence, placement of the
parentheses, and the product.
________________________________________________________________________
2. Keep the three numbers in the exact same sequence, but change the placement of the
parentheses. Record the product.
________________________________________________________________________

3. Choose three numbers of your own, and repeat steps 1 and 2.

________________________________________________________________________

4. Does it matter how you group numbers with parentheses when multiplying?
________________________________________________________________________

Group #6
1. Pick a number from the envelope, and multiply it by one. Record the product.
_____________________________________________________________________

2. Repeat this process with another number in the envelope.

_____________________________________________________________________

3. Choose a number of your own, and multiply it by one.

_____________________________________________________________________

4. What happens when you multiply a number by one?

_____________________________________________________________________

Group #7
1. Place the three numbers in the envelope in this expression: _____ (______ + _____). Add the
two numbers in the parentheses. Then, multiply that sum by the outside number. Record your
answer. _____________
 2. Take these same three numbers in the exact same order, and multiply the first number by the
second number and record it. __________ then, multiply the first by the third and record it.
__________ Add the two numbers you recorded. ____________, what do you notice?
__________________________________________________________

3. Use three different numbers, and repeat steps 1 and 2.

________________________________________________________________________

4. What do you think is happening?

________________________________________________________________________

Group #8
1. Choose a number from the envelope, and add it to its opposite. Record the result.
____________________________________________________________________

2. Choose another number from the envelope, and repeat step 1. Record the result.
_____________________________________________________________________

3. What sum do you get when you add a number and its opposite?
_____________________________________________________________________

Group #9
1. Choose a fraction from the envelope, and multiply it by its reciprocal. Record the result.
________________________________________________________________________

2. Choose another fraction from the envelope, and repeat step 1. Record the result.
________________________________________________________________________

3. What product do you get when you multiply a fraction and its reciprocal?
______________________________________________________________________

Group #10
1. Choose a number from the envelope, and multiply it by zero. Record the result.
________________________________________________________________________

2. Choose another number from the envelope, and repeat step 1. Record the result.
________________________________________________________________________

3. What happens when you multiply a number by zero?

________________________________________________________________________