PIPING
SYSTEMS
Contents
Page
3 5 Application areas
6 Materials
7 Manufacturing know-how
8 9 Production program
n Technical data
n Bending program
10 Benefit: less buttwelds
12 13 Bend geometry
16 Cold bending
18 19 Locations, contacts
Application areas
n Conventional and
nuclear power stations
n Chemical and
petrochemical industry
n Compressor stations
n Hydraulic plants
n Industrial plants
n Public utilities
Application areas
Induction-bends
made from centrifugally
casted pipes
Materials
Manufacturing know-how
N b
D Z B
a
N
Incoming inspection of base pipe Measuring and marking Induction bending Dimensional check
Heat treatment Dimensional check Hardness test Cutting off ring specimens
BHR12
34567
WD mm Temp. Korrosionsschutz
Temp. Corrosion Protection Material
Certificate
Ummantelung
Coating
Anstrich
Painting
Final inspection Corrosion protection Documentation Pipe bends, ready for shipment
Induction bends
TECHNICAL DATA
BENDING OPTIONS
34 860.0
32 813.0
00
46
00
00
40
28 711.0
30
00
24 610.0 20
00
20 508.0 15
00
16 406.4 10
500
Outside diameter
12* 323.9
8* 219.3 300
200
4* 114.3
1.9 48.3
4 6 8 10 11 12 14 16 18 20 24 30 40 50 60 70 80 100 120
Minimum wall thickness (mm)
*Nominal bore (DN)
For austenitic materials the minimum possible radius is 1.3 x D
R/D RATIO
s s
In the following table one can see that at
larger R/D ratios and at fixed center-to-end
Da Da
dimensionsBthe stretched straight
B length of
sa
the bend decreases. b b
sa sa Di Di
A
Sys =
s s B
Sys =
Consequently, if the R/D ratio is increased
si Rm Da
Au =
then: Di
Inn =
n less pipe is required A Da Da s
Wa =
sa
Wa =
n TheA
wall thinning in the
A
extrados zone Bo
sa and the wallsthickening
a in the intrados si si D
i A =
Systemma Di A = Systemma
center to end dimension
si = Wa
center to end dimension
Bo
zone will decrease B =
Systemma B = Systemma
center to end dimension
center to end dimension
Rm = Mit
a Da =
AuendurchmesserDa = Auendurchmesser
outside diameter outside diameter
= Bie
n material costs will decrease Rm Rm
Di =
InnendurchmesserDi = Innendurchmesser
inside diameter inside diametera = Ge
n pressure loss will be lesst s =
Wanddicke des sRohrs = Wanddicke
pipe wallthickness
des Rohrs pipe wallthicknessb = Ge
Material
EXAMPLE 1
Conventional design:
9 buttwelds (left)
EXAMPLE 2
Conventional design:
6 buttwelds (left)
Bend geometry
WALL THICKNESS
20
% Reduction
max. reduction
10
10
min. increase
20
% Increase
30
40
Air
Water
50
60
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
R/D ratio
OVALITY
TOLERANCES
10
9
8
7 8
0D
Ovality in %
6 /S
4
5 0D
/S
4 2
0D
/S
3 10
D/S
2
1
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
R/D ratio
Induction bends may be heat treated after The finished bends upon clients request can
bending, as per requirements of material be blastcleaned, acid-cleaned, coated with
and application. We have furnaces with temporary corrosion protection or painted.
accurate temperature control up to 1200 C.
After the heat treatment the options of
cooling with air or quenching with water PACKING
are available.
Our Bilfinger Piping Technologies Packing
END PREPARATION Guidelines can be made available to the
client to help in their decision of packing.
The finished bends will be delivered as per Packing can of course take place in our
clients specification either with plain ends works, if required we also offer seaworthy
or with welding bevels. packing.
SPOOL FABRICATION
Cold bending
10.0 20
12.0 25
13.5 500
14.0 30
16.0 30 50 150
17.2 40 55 80
20.0 40 60
21.3 40 60 80 90 135
22.0 45 65
25.0 45 50 75
26.9 40 60 80 90 100 150
30.0 30 60 90 100
31.8 100 110 130 140 150 170
33.7 70 90 100 110 120 134 220 167
35.0 70 150
38.0 50 80 100 120 140 150 170 210 250
42.4 85 120 150 180 230 250
44.5 120 150 240
48.3 90 100 125 145 160 170 190 200 280
51.0 60 150 200 230
57.0 110 120 175 240
60.3 100 150 180 200 240 250 400
63.5 190 200 250
70.0 100 140 200 280 320
73.0 250 465 560 650 740
76.1 110 160 190 230 260 305
88.9 270 320 360 450
101.6 330 400
108.0 310
114.3 295 350 400 450 760
126.0 300 400 457
139.7 420 500
168.3 600 675 820
42
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irch
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Piping Systems