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Socio- Cultural- Religious

Sarnath has the same importance for Buddhists, as Mecca has for the Muslims or
the Golden Temple in Amritsar has for the Sikhs. Sarnath is, perhaps, the most
significant of all Buddhist holy places, as it is the place where the Buddha
delivered his first sermon, thereby bestowing upon Sarnath the title of birthplace
of Buddhism. In Pali, Sarnath was known as Isipatana, while in Sanskrit it was
known as Rishipattana Mrigadava. `
After his enlightenment in
Bodh Gaya at 528 BCE, the
Buddha travelled to Sarnath to
meet his 5 companions
(Koudanna, Vappa, Bhaddiya,
Mahanama and Asvajita) as he
wanted to share his new
knowledge with them first. The
place where the Buddha first
met his 5 companions in
Sarnath is now the site of
the Chaukhandi Stupa.
Buddhist Religious
Circuit
Important Buddhist
Destinations

Lumbini
Bodh Gaya
Sarnath
Kushinagar
Sravasti
Rajgir
Sankassa
Vaishali

% of
Estimate % of
world
d Budhist
Budhist
Populati Populati
Populati
on on
on
9,250,00
0.8% 1.8%
0
Budhist Architecture from Various Cultures
Sarnath has been developed
as a place of pilgrimage,
both for Buddhists from
India and abroad. A number
of countries in which
Buddhism is a major (or the
dominant) religion, among
them Thailand, Japan, Tibet,
Sri Lanka and Myanmar, have
established temples and
monasteries in Sarnath in
the style that is typical for
the respective country. Thus,
pilgrims and visitors have the
opportunity to experience
an overview of Buddhist
architecture from various
cultures.
Jain Temple Thai Temple

Tibetan Temple Japanese Temple


Origin of Buddhism

The Big Idea


Buddhism began in India
and became a major religion.

Main Ideas
Siddhartha Gautama searched for wisdom in many ways.
The teachings of Buddhism deal with finding peace.
Buddhism spread far from where it began in India.
Siddhartha
Siddhartha Guatama, or Buddha which
means enlightened one
lived in the 5th century BC born into the
Brahmin caste-led a luxurious lifestyle.
Born in NE India (Nepal).
Raised in great luxury to be a king.
Became troubled by the human misery
that he saw around him everyday.
At 29 he rejected his luxurious life to seek
enlightenment and the source of
suffering.
Lived a strict, ascetic life for 6 yrs.
Rejecting this extreme, sat in meditation,
and found nirvana.
Became The Enlightened One, at 35
under the Tree of Wisdom while
meditating.
Spent the rest of his life traveling and
teaching his ideas
Teachings of Buddhism

Four Noble Truths

Suffering and unhappiness are a part of human life. No one


1.
can escape sorrow.

Suffering comes from our desires for pleasure and material


2.
goods.

People can overcome desire and ignorance and reach


3.
nirvana, a state of perfect peace.

People can overcome ignorance and desire by following an


4. eightfold path that leads to wisdom, enlightenment, and
salvation.
Right view

Right Right
concentration intention

Right
Right speech
mindfulness

Right effort Right action

Right
livelihood

The Eightfold Path


The most important
symbol in Buddhism is
the Wheel of Life which
depicts the cycle of birth
and life
The eight spokes
symbolize the Eightfold
Path

Buddhist teachings &


beliefs were recorded in
a collection called the
Tripitaka
Buddhism began in India and then became a major religion.

Buddhism branches out


Asoka, one of the most powerful kings in India, became a
Buddhist and spread Buddhism in India and foreign lands.
Buddhist missionaries traveled the world to teach
enlightenment.

Buddhism splits
Buddhism split into two main sects: Theravada and Mahayana.
Members of the Theravada followed the Buddhas teachings
exactly.
Members of the Mahayana believed that individual
interpretation was important.
Early Spread of Buddhism
Buddhist Rituals and Practices
Buddhism incorporates a variety of rituals and practices, which are
intended to aid in the journey to enlightenment and bring blessings
on oneself and others.
The practice of meditation is central to nearly all forms of Buddhism,
and it derives directly from the Buddhas experiences and teachings.
Meditation is is the central focus of Zen Buddhism and the only way
to liberation in Theravada Buddhism.

Meditation - Mental concentration and mindfulness


Mantras - Sacred sounds
Mudras - Symbolic hand gestures
Prayer Wheels - Reciting mantras with the turn of a wheel
Monasticism
Pilgrimage - Visiting sacred sites
Veneration of Buddhas and Deities
Regular Worship
In most Buddhist houses, has a special room in the house for a
shrine
- a Buddha Statue, candles, incense.
Many Buddhists meditate
-allows mind to settle
- helps to achieve calmness and clarity
Can worship at home or at a Buddhist temple

A shrine in a Buddhist Temple Room for zazen (sitting meditation


Various Rituals
Birth Death
Can take baby to monastery Believed to be natural result
Request name with special of being born
meaning Kept in house for 3-7 days
eg. Jokata = Maker of Clarity Body is burned to let the spirit
(fem.) escape
Blessings for: Before death, Buddhist will be
Protection blessed by a nun or monk.
Health
Happiness
Noble Qualities
Monks
Live in monasteries with few possessions
Full Moon
Celebrate important events in
Buddhas life
Offerings brought for monks
Monks chant blessings
Initiation (entering monk community, called
Sangha)
Can enter at young age
Receive a new Buddhist name
Head is shaved
Bound to code of rules called Vinaya A group of Monks
THE FESTIVALS OF SARNATH

The main festivals of Sarnath are : the


Kalchakra festival, Buddha Purnima
and the full moon day of Vaisakha. The
latter celebrates the anniversary of
Buddhas birth, enlightenment and
death while Buddha Purnima
celebrates his birth. At this time, all
the Buddha relics are take out in
procession.

The full moon day of Vaisakha (April-


May)
The full moon in the month of Asadh
(July-August)
Buddha Purnima (full moon night -
May)
SARNATH
HISTORY

Sarnath is one of the four most


important Buddhist pilgrimage centres
of India. Buddha, the great sage , after
attaining enlightenment(Buddhahood)
at Bodh Gaya came to Sarnath and
delivered his first sermon to five
disciples (i.e. Kaundinya, Bashpa,
Bhadrika, Mahanaman and Ashvajit) for
redeeming humanity.
Sarnath is also sacred to the Jains
because they look upon it as the site of
asceticism and death of
Shreyamshanath, the 11th Trithankara.
According to the Jataka, in one of his LOCATION
previous births Buddha as a leader of a Sarnath renowned for ancient remains of
herd of deer, for saving life of a doe, Buddhist stupas, monasteries and temples,
appeared before the king of Benaras is situated at a distance of 6 kms. to the
who relished on the flesh of a deer north of Varanasi city witch is well
everyday.
connected by road, rail & air.
TANGIBLE HERITAGE

VARANASI: The ancient Buddhist site of Sarnath, here Buddha preached


his first sermons and set in motion the wheel of Law
(maha dharmachaka pravartan).
Sarnath has been in the tentative list of the World Heritage since 1998.
Mulgandha Kuti Vihara was built in 1930 and is
a Tibetan Buddhist shrine which treasures sacred
antiques from various places and even the golden
statue of Buddha.

Mulagandha-Kuti
Ashoka Pillar

Dhrma Rajika Stupa

In 1904 by the govt. to preserve the antiquities found from Source


excavation site near Sarnath was decided to construct a http://www.uptourism.gov.in/pages/top/
museum. Antiquities, display and study the building was experience/top-experience-dhamek-stupa/
completed in 1910.
https://www.asisarnathcircle.org/

Sarnath Museum

The great Mauryan King Ashoka in 249 BCE had


commissioned a structure at the place and
Dhamekha Stupa was built in 500 CE to replace
the same.
Choukhandi Stupa was built in 1555 A.D.
by Mughal Emperor Akbar and is
believed
to be the place where Lord Buddha met his
five disciples.
Source
http://www.placeforvacations.com/jain-
temple-sarnath-in-uttar-pradesh#/

Thai Temple Chaukhandi Stupa Tibetan Temple


PREPARED BY QAVI AHMED
THE MUSEUM
Archaeological museum Sarnath is the oldest site
museum of Archaeological Survey of India.
In order to keep the antiquities found from the site, in
1904 the Government decided to construct a site museum
adjacent to the excavated site at Sarnath.
The plans were prepared by Mr.James Ramson, the then
consulting Architect to the Government of India.
The building was completed in 1910 to house, display
and study the antiquities in their right perspective.
The building forms half of a monastery (Sangharam ) in
plan.
But the crown of the complex lies in the Ashokan lion
capital, which has the four symbols of back-to-back lions.
At the bottom of the 2.31 meter high capital are
representations of a lion, an elephant, horse and a bull.
DHAMEKH STUPA

Dhamekh Stupa at Sarnath is


one of the prominent Buddhist
structures in India.
Dhamekh Stupa was
constructed by the great
Mauryan king, Ashoka.
The Dhamekh Stupa is
cylindrical in shape and about
34 m high and 28.3 m in
diameter.
The lower portion of the Stupa
is covered completely with
beautifully carved stones.
It signifies the "seat of the holy
Buddha.
CHAUKHANDI
It is a lofty mound of brick, whose
square edifice is surrounded by an
octagonal tower.
The Chaukhandi Stupa is said to be
originally a terraced temple during
the Gupta period (4th to 6th
Century). Govardhan, the son of Raja
Todarmal, gave the present shape to
the Chaukhandi Stupa.
He built an octagonal tower to
commemorate the visit of Humayun,
the great Mughal ruler.
Chaukhandi Stupa was built to mark
the place where Lord Buddha met
his first disciples as he traveled from
Bodh Gaya to Sarnath.
MAIN SHRINE AND
ASHOKA PILLAR

The Ashokan Pillar, stands in the vicinity of the


Main Shrine. The Lion Capital, which once
surmounted the 15 m high pillar, is now
housed in the Archaeological Museum.
Four lions stand back to back on a pedestal on
which are represented four animals - elephant,
bull, horse and lion - chasing each other and
separated from one another by a
dharmachakra - the sacred wheel- with 24
spokes. Fragments of a 32-spoked
dharmachakra, which crowned the capital,
have also been discovered
This Lion Capital has been adopted as the
national emblem of India.
What remains of the Pillar itself is a tapering
shaft measuring about 71 em in diameter at
the top. There are three inscriptions on the
pillar, one each of Ashoka, Asvagosha of the
Kushan dynasty who ruled Kausambi, Varanasi
and Sarnath, and an early, unidentified Gupta
king
DHARMA CHAKRA JINA VIHAR
Dharmachakra Jina Vihara referred as
Monastery lying 232 m from east to west and
occupied by a central block of buildings,
Dharmachakra Jina Vihara was the gift of
Kumaradevi, the Buddhist queen of the great
Gahadavala king Govindrachandra of Kashi
(CE 1114-1154). All the halls and apartments
of the monks have disappeared.
This monastery had two gateways towards the
east, there being a distance of 88.45 m
between the two.

http://apnabanaras.blogspot.in/2013/08/dharma-chakra-jina-vihar.html/
BODHI TREE
The sapling of the Bodhi tree was
brought from the famous tree in
Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka, which in
turn originated from the original
tree at Bodhgaya, under which the
Lord Buddha attained
enlightenment about 2,500 years
ago.

SHREYAN SHNATH TEMPLE


A Jain temple, which dates back to the
19th century CE is a sacred destination
Jain Temple Thai Temple
for the Jains.
Apart from these holy sites, there are
several missions from different Buddhist
countries such as the Central Institute of
Tibetan Studies, the Mahabodhi society,
the Chinese temple, the Burmese temple,
Tibetan Temple Japanese Temple
the Japanese temple and the Thai
temple.
SOURCES
http://apnabanaras.blogspot.in/2013/08/dharma-chakra-jina-vihar.html/
http://www.asisarnathcircle.org/
http://www.placeforvacations.com/jain-temple-sarnath-in-uttar-pradesh#/
http://www.uptourism.gov.in/pages/top/experience/top-experience-dhamek-stupa/
http://thinkingparticle.com/articles/sarnath-varanasi-stupa-ruins-temple/
http://www.varanasi.org.in/sarnath/
http://www.buddhist-tourism.com/countries/india/temples-
monuments/archaeological-museum-of-sarnath-uttarpradesh.html/
http://asi.nic.in/asi_museums_sarnath.asp/
http://www.religionfacts.com/buddhism/practices.htm

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