Abdul Wahab*'
Dr. Imran Rafiq Chughtai' Muhammad Sarfraz2
Proceedings of 2017 14th International Bhurban Conference on Applied Sciences & Technology (IBCAST) 475
Islamabad, Pakistan, 10th -14th January, 2017
started in Pakistan at PIEAS. We will lead this work to make stable. A one dimensional linear stability analysis was
our own integrated pressurized water reactor. performed following vijayan's model; stability maps for three
In integrated Pressurized water reactor three phenomena loops were obtained applying nyquist criterion.[7]
has been important to build this type of reactors. Phenomena's lY Wang, T.y'Chuang, Y.M.Ferng worked on heat
are given below. transfer in natural circulation. People knew about nuclear power
./ Natural Circulation (NC) plants very weil, nuclear power plant operated normally at
./ Self-Pressurization (SP) steady state, its safety is not an issue. When reactor shuts down
./ Core Neutronic (CN) for refueling or shuts down due to station black-out this thing
./ Control Rod Drive Mechanism (CRDM) cause problem, if decay heat is not removed, which is about 8%
of full power. Passive safety system for reactor safety operated
I am studying natural circulation (NC). Test facility at natural convection. These three people studied this problem.
input file was created according to design parameters and run They didn't perform experiment on it they studied it using
in RELAP5, study operational and geometrical parameter effect computational tools (Computational fluid dynamics) they
on natural circulation flow. Validate it with analytical solution, investigate about heat transfer in natural circulation. Built
present in literature. Studies related to my work that has already geometry on tool, investigate about flow and heat transfer
been done by different authors are given below. behaviors in loop. Results they obtained from CFD analysis
V.Borisenko, I.Kadenko allied with Taras Shevchenko compared with experiment showed good agreement. [8]
National University of kyiv presented research paper on Amit mangal, Vikas Jain, A.K. Nayak studied capability
analysis of natural circulation standard problem for Kozloduy of RELAP5 code, whether it simulated natural circulation or
NNP unit 6 (VVER-1000/320 reactor type), this paper not. All nuclear reactors has passive safety system which
investigate natural circulation in Kozloduy NNP unit 6, and operates at natural circulation. The objective of this research is
concluded how natural circulation worked to protect NNP unit to enhance natural circulation for maximum safety of reactor
6 from disaster . NNP unit 6 whole setup model on RELAP5 its and prevent any severe accident which leads to release of the
result compare with experimental results good agreement radioactivity in atmosphere. Main advantage of natural
shown .VVER 1000 RELAP5 model include reactor coolant circulation is to eliminate the pump which consumes large
system which consists of VVER 1000 internals ,main power. Not only relap5 simulate the natural circulation, TRAC
circulation pipelines, main coolant pump, steam generator and and CATHARE also simulate the natural circulation efficiently.
pressurizer system [4]. They simulate natural circulation on RELP5 code. In natural
P.K.Vijayan and A.K.Nayak presented research paper circulation driving phenomena is different from others.
at international plate forum on stability analysis of natural RELAP5 has some of the key phenomena which are tough to
circulation based system pressure tube type BWR and steam model. If natural circulation flow rate is low it is able to model
generators reactor engineering division Bhabha atomic center, in RELAP5 as flow increase velocity increase turbulence create
Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India. In this research paper, they than this flow become multi-dimensional in nature.in this paper,
presented effect of geometry and operational parameters on researchers search about flow instability, critical heat flux, flow
instability of natural circulation; briefly described what issues stratification, thermal stratification, non-condensable gases .
are faced in NC start up. As weil as analysis static, dynamic and Two fluid model are used in RELAP5 better model natural
compound dynamic instability of NC [5]. circulation but two fluid models is the effect of ill-posedness
On natural circulation, work has been done in which one which may cause numerical instability. [9]
of them is instability analysis of natural convection this analysis
has been done on RELAP5 thermal hydraulic system code. III. PLANT DESIGN COMPREHENSIVE DESCRIPTTON
Parameters used in RELAP5 system code are nuclear reactor.
Main objective of this study is to identify stability boundary in
The Heat Exchanger is placed at certain head, which
the dimensionless "zuber- sub-cooling "plane and to compare
provides natural circulation based solely on the density
with results already given in literature.RELAP5 thermal
variations in the coolant, as it gets hotter in the core and cooler
hydraulic code is validate by experimental results. [6]
in the heat exchanger. Further, the flows of the primary and
Prof.lng.Mario studied natural circulation. According to
secondary systems circulate in a counter-current mode. The
his point of view, natural circulation is a complex phenomenon.
secondary fluid circulates upward within the tubes. It flows into
NC highly depends on loop geometry and operational
the tubes as liquid-water and it reaches the exit as a heated
parameters. Rectangular loop contains fluid which is always in
water. The mode of core heat removal is through natural
single phase. Experiments were performed on different size
circulation without coolant pump.
loops. In this study, he changed one parameter at a time, (such
Core heating power is controlled by electricity supply
as power, heat sink temperature and loop inclination). Water
System. Pressure is maintained at latrn, but hydrostatic
was used as working fluid. After experiments, he observed that
pressure is changed from bottom to top, so that boiling
natural circulation is sensitive. Mass flow rate oscillate if any
boundary value also varies. Coolant extracts heat from core,
parameter change. After all data collection he observe a pattern
transfers into helical coil heat exchanger where secondary
in collected data and he started to think that large loop present
coolant flows with constant flow rate inside the tube at the
dynamic behavior and mini loop showed steady state condition
downstream of heat exchanger. Flow meter is installed through
at regime. Its observation presented modified vijayan's
which flow is controlled passing through helical coil heat
correlation which incorporated loop inclination parameters. He
exchanger. One more important think in this is riser in which
defined ranges of parameters on which natural circulation was
Proceedings of 2017 14th International Bhurban Conference on Applied Sciences & Technology (IBCAST) 476
Islamabad, Pakistan, 10th -14th January, 2017
hot coolant flow after heating up, this riser height provided and take initial and fmal conditions of parameters (i.e.
force convention through which flow rate of prirnary coolant temperature, pressure) as a reference boundary condition.
enhance. Prirnary coolant flow is not purely natural convection
it is mix convection (natural + force). TABLE I' list of parameters
In this paper, I am studied thermal hydraulic without Parameters Values
CRDM and core occupy constant heat source of 37Kw.
Power of a Heating Rod 1.5KW
System also include riser effect and system pressure is latm.
Diameter of heating rod 10mm
Material of Construction SS
IV. METHODOLOGY
VI. NODALIZAnON DIAGRAM
Firstly, collect all plant related design and operational The Fig. l shows the geometric representation of thermal
information. Then using this design and operational hydraulic systems. The hydraulic network is represented by a
information make RELAPS input file. After that, execute this series of interconnected nodes to form a node-link diagram. The
input file in RELAPS software. Output file generated by mass and energy equations are averaged over the volume.
software will analysis in MATLAB, extract data from output Hence, they do not capture any detail within the volume.
file into excel file than excel file import in origin software date Knowing the mass and energy of a volume, the equation of state
plot and depict/analysis parameters effect on natural gives the pressure. Flow, however, is driven by pressure
V. PREPARING INPUT FILE DECK pressure, i.e., between volumes. In the distributed approach,
this is called the staggered grid method. In the lumped
approach, it is called the node-link method and is illustrated in
We utilize an Engineering hand book to maintain the
fig 1Volumes are represented by nodes, flow paths are
database of the plant and it also represent a transitional step
represented by links
between the data and input data deck. For the development of
input data, we seek help from code's user manuals and database
of the plant. We obtain necessary data from the plant database
Proceedings of 2017 14th International Bhurban Conference on Applied Sciences & Technology (IBCAST) 477
Islamabad, Pakistan, 10th -14th January, 2017
VII. RESUL TS AND DlSCUSSlON
Where;
Ll= length ofRS (m)
L2 =Length from chimney discharge toRX discharge (m)
A=Reference f10w area (m2)
Qnuc=Nuclear heat (w)
K=loss coefficient
L=Distance between Source and Sink discharge (m)
023,033,028 TMDJUN
Proceedings of 2017 14th International Bhurban Conference on Applied Sciences & Technology (IBCAST) 478
Islamabad, Pakistan, 10th -14th January, 2017
0.25 I
E 90
I - I n let Temperature oe I -- 111inch
c:
0 I - Outlet Temperature oe I V'"' 100inch
/
--
t5
Q)
Cf) 80
Cl V
----
Cl
0.20 IL
\ 90inch
.>.t!.
c:
70 / '-'
Q)
-
V
Q)
I C1l 0.15
..... 0::
0 60 ./
.3 V 0
50 / Li:
0.10
Q) I/)
a. I/)
E cu
Q) 40 / --- ::2:
t- ...--
]1
"5 30
--I---
0.05
0
"0 -
c:
co
20
Q) o 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 0.00
C
Power (kw) 0 500 1000 1500 2000
Time (s)
Fig 4: Inlet and Outlet Temperature at Steady State Fig 6: PL Mass Flow Rate at Different Riser Height
Fig. 5 Shows PL mass flow rate at different SS mass In fig. 7 Shows source and sink have dominant
flow rate with respect to time maximum mass flow rate is effect on PL mass flow rate. Maximum flow rate is
0.17kg/s at 0.45 kg/s SS flow rate. SS mass flow rate has 0.17kg/s at 762mm.
inverse effect on PL mass flow rate.
--254mm
--508mm
I
-O.45kg/s 0.30 --762mm
0.25 1 kg/s f--
......
.!(!
Cl
f\ -2kg/s
- 3kg/s ......
.!Q
Cl
0.25
0.20 1 \-
1\
Q)
I
Q)
... 0.20 'eil
......
C1l
0:::
0::: 0.15
0
0
Li:
u:: I/) 0.10
I/) I/)
I/) C1l
C1l
0.15
:2: 0.05
0.00
In Fig. 6 shows effect of Riser height on primary loop In fig. 8 shows that as diameter of riser increases
mass flow rate.maximum flow rate is 0.17kg/s at 111inch riser oscillation in PL mass flow rate decreases. Maximum
height. PL flow rate decreases as riser height decreases. oscillation in PL mass flow rate is in 3inch diameter chimney.
Proceedings of 2017 14th International Bhurban Conference on Applied Sciences & Technology (IBCAST) 479
Islamabad, Pakistan, 10th -14th January, 2017
0.35
0.30
-- 3inch
-- 4inch
0.25 r--
-!!!
\
-- 5inch
Cl
6 -- 6inch
2 0.20
ca
0::: .. ./L
:;=
0
Li:
0.15
V
1\
V V
11\/v
V
(J)
(J)
ca 0.10
0.05
0.00
0 500 1000 1500 2000
Time (s)
VIII. CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
[I] Pakistan Economic condition.
[2] ProfSama Bilbao y Leon." The Next Generation of Nuclear Reactor
Designs "Department of Mechanical Engineering Virginia common
wealth University.
[3] University of Chicago White Paper on "comparison between large scale
reactors and small modular reactor'.
[4] V.Borisenko, I.Kadenko,"Analysis of the natural circulation standard
problem for Kozloduy NPP unit 6". Taras Shevchenko National
University of KYIV.
[5] P.K. Vijayan and AK. Nayak," ST ABILITY ANALYSIS OF NC
BASED SYSTEMS: PRESSURE TUBE TYPE BWR AND STEAM
GENERATORS" Reactor Engineering Division, Bhabha Atomic
Research Centre Trombay, Mumbai-400085, INDIA, and May, 2010
[6] Jalil Jafari, Francesco D' Auria," ANALYSIS OF NATURAL
CIRCULATlON STABILITY IN A LOW PRESSURE
THERMOHYDRAULIC TEST LOOP", AEOT, Karegar Ave. Nuclear
Research Center, Teheran, Iran.
[7] Prof. Ing. Mario Misale." Single-Phase Natural Circulation Loops:
Effects ofGeometry and Heat Sink Temperature on Dynamic Behaviour
and Stability". Universita degli Studi di Genova.
[8] lY. Wang, T.J. Chuang, Y.M. Femg" CFD investigating flow and heat
transfer characteristics in a natural circulation loop", Department of
Engineering and System Science, Institute of Nuclear Engineering and
Science, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2 Kuang-Fu Rd.,
Hsingchu 30013, Taiwan, ROC
[9] Amit Mangal, Vikas Jain, A.K. Nayak" Capability of the RELAPS code
to simulate natural circulation behavior in test facilities", Reactor Project
Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085,
India
Proceedings of 2017 14th International Bhurban Conference on Applied Sciences & Technology (IBCAST) 480
Islamabad, Pakistan, 10th -14th January, 2017