of Antenna Installations
By Patrick Safarian
Spring 2012
DTAGuidelines AntennaInstallation PatrickSafarian 2011
Damage Tolerance Analysis
DTA
Damage tolerance analysis (DTA) is the application of
Fracture Mechanics to assess how a structure, assumed
to be cracked, will respond to loads (cyclic and static)
over time
DTA assesses:
How a crack(s) will grow over time
How the strength of the structure is affected by the
crack(s)
Fatigue analysis is the proper approach to assess the
structural durability and identify the critical details for
DTA and set inspection thresholds.
Front nzW
Spar
L
L = pR/2t + nz1G,max
LONGITUDINAL
S
STRESS
FUSELAGE LOCATION
DTAGuidelines AntennaInstallation PatrickSafarian 2011 12
1g, max
Estimate
Assumed to occur at maximum bending location at top of
fuselage over the wing
Assume zero margin design and conservatively neglect
aerosuction, relief valve setting, Nz > 2.5, etc. unless
specifically known
Based on the above and Nz = 2.5,
FTU, B = 1.5 (PR/2t + 2.5 g)
1g,max = (FTU, B/1.5 - PR/2t)/2.5
P = normal operating pressure at max design altitude, psi
FTU, B = B-basis ultimate tension allowable (ref. MMPDS)
0 0
BP BR
0.005 a1 1
0.010++a
+ a
0.010+
0.005 a11
D
e AA11==e+D+2(0.010+ a
e + D + 2(.005 +a 1)1)
End of Stage 1
a1 1++a
0.010++a
0.005 a2 2
+ a11 +
0.010+
0.005 a22
+a
D
e A = 3e + D + 2(.005a
A22=3e+D+2(0.010+ aa
+ 1+ 1 +2)a2)
End of Stage 2
DTAGuidelines AntennaInstallation PatrickSafarian 2011 22
For Setting Inspection Threshold
NThreshold
acrit
aCRACK LENGTH,
Inspection Threshold
(Nthreshold)
Nthreshold = Ncr /2
0.05
1.0
aCritical
(Typical 10 locations)
DTAGuidelines AntennaInstallation PatrickSafarian 2011 28
Crack Growth Scenario for DTA of Repair
Operational Stresses
Use the following residual stress levels to determine the
critical crack length (acritical)
Longitudinal cracks,
Hoop, Res = (1.1 p + 0.5)R/t (Up to Amendment 25-86)
Hoop, Res = 1.15 (p + 0.5)R/t (Amendment 25-96 and higher)
Circumferential cracks
Long, Res = PR/2t + Nz 1g,MAX (aft of front spar)
Long, Res = PR/2t + Nz(L/S)1g,MAX (fwd of front spar)
p = normal operating pressure at maximum design altitude
P = normal operating pressure at maximum design altitude plus 0.5 psi for
aerosuction
Nz = maximum design limit load factor (at least 2.5 but not greater that 3.8)
TYPICAL EQUIVALENT
CYCLE
Front
Spar nzW
L
L = pR/2t + nz1G,max
LONGITUDINAL
S
STRESS
Antenna
Skin
Antenna
Base
Doubler
Stringer
Model includes skin, stringer, doubler, Note the difference in the skin out of
antenna, 8.6 psi internal pressure and 5 psi plane displacements caused by presence of
side pressure load on the antenna the doubler.
DTAGuidelines AntennaInstallation PatrickSafarian 2011 34
Crack Growth Stresses
Principal Stress
Max principal stress contour indicates membrane stress of
17.2 Ksi and Max fiber stress of 25.3 Ksi
Doubler
R (in.) 0.071 0.080 0.090 0.100 0.125
Skin
tension and
Striation Count
0.14 0.08
AFGROW Strip
Crack Length
bending stresses
0.12
Crack Length
0.1 0.06
from the
0.08
0.04
0.06
previous data
0.04 0.02
0.02
demonstrates
0 0
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000
good correlation
with the
striation data.
Ref: D. Steadman, R. Ramakrishnan and M. Boudreau, (2006), "Simulation of Multiple Site Damage
Growth", 9th Joint FAA/DoD/NASA Aging Aircraft Conference, Atlanta, GA., pp 12
Condition (ii) -
1.15 (p + paero 1g)
Lesser of:
RESIDUAL STRENGTH
1) acrit = (1/)(KA/C )2
Yield 2) Net Section Yield
C KA
RES
acrit
CRACK SIZE, a
DTAGuidelines AntennaInstallation PatrickSafarian 2011
49
Crack Growth Rate
Three Regions
Region I Growth rate decreases
asymptotically with decreasing K.
Below a threshold value of K (i.e.
KTH) there is no growth.
Region II Growth rate and K
follow a Log-Log linear relationship
and can be reasonably approximated
using the Paris Equation where;
m = Slope of line
C = Intercept of da/dN axis
Region III Growth rate increases
asymptotically with increasing K.
Log da/dN
da/dN = C [(1.0-R)q Kmax]p
Log K
DTAGuidelines AntennaInstallation PatrickSafarian 2011 51
da/dN vs. K 2024-T3 Sheet
Walker Constants 1000.000
DELTA K R = .05 TABULAR DATA
( KSI-IN1/2)
DELTA K
( KSI-IN1/2)
R = .40 TABULAR DATA (Walker Constants C=6.76E-10,
DELTA K R = .80 TABULAR DATA p=3.72, q=.6445)
( KSI-IN1/2)
DELTA K R = .05 WALKER EQN
( KSI-IN1/2)
DELTA K R = .40 WALKER EQN
( KSI-IN1/2) 100.000
DELTA K R = .80 WALKER EQN
K (ksi(in)**1/2)
( KSI-IN1/2)
10.000
1.000
1.00E-08 1.00E-07 1.00E-06 1.00E-05 1.00E-04 1.00E-03 1.00E-02 1.00E-01 1.00E+00
da/dN (in/cycle)
7050-T7651 & T7451 Plate L-T & T-L 1.32927 x 10-9 0.57452 3.55242