TWINS MOVIE TRANSCRIPT

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Text reads: The Mysteries of Life with Tim and Moby

A boy, Tim, writes on paper at a desk. A robot, Moby, walks over to him.

TIM: Oh, hey Moby.

Another Moby stands next to Moby.

MOBY 2: Beep.

TIM: Oh hey, Moby?

Tim reads from a typed letter.

TIM: Dear Tim and Moby, there are two sets of twins in my class at school. One set is a pair of boys who look exactly the same, and
the other set is two girls who look only sort of alike. What's up with that? From Gerald.

TIM: That's pretty unusual to have two sets of twins in your class.

A split image shows two boys who look exactly the same on one side, and two girls who do not look the same, on the other side.
The two girls are the same height and are dressed similarly.

TIM: I think it's safe to bet that the boys are identical twins, and the girls are fraternal twins.
MOBY: Beep.

TIM: Well I,

MOBY 2: Beep.

TIM: Hang on, I'm getting to that.

An image shows a human fetus. An animation shows a sperm cell fertilizing an egg cell. The cell divides.

TIM: Having a twin is something that's determined even before birth. A woman gets pregnant when one of her egg cells is fertilized
by a male sperm cell. That means that the egg cell and sperm cell have joined together to make a whole new kind of cell inside of a
woman. That cell divides and develops into a fetus. The fetus grows for nine months until it's ready to be born.

An animation shows two egg cells being fertilized, each by a different sperm cell. An image shows twin fetuses.

TIM: Sometimes two egg cells are released at the same time and each egg is fertilized by a different sperm. The eggs travel to the
mother's uterus and grow alongside each other for the same period of time. At the end of nine months, two babies are born. Since
these babies are the result of two different eggs, and two different sperm, they have different genetic makeup. That means that they
may look like brothers or sisters, but they won't look the same because they have different sets of genes.

MOBY: Beep.

TIM: Right, fraternal twins are really only as similar as any two siblings. A set of fraternal twins can be two girls, two boys, or a boy
and a girl.

MOBY: Beep.

TIM: Right, or a girl and a boy.

An animation shows a sperm fertilizing an egg cell. The egg cell splits into two cells. An image shows twin fetuses.

TIM: Identical twins are a different story: they come from the same egg and sperm combo. Once in a while, a fertilized egg will split
into two cells that both develop into fetuses. When there is only one egg to begin with, the fetuses end up with exactly the same
genes. They are the products of the same sperm and the same egg that happen to split into two pieces.
An image shows a set of identical twin girls and boys.

TIM: This mean that they will definitely be the same sex, two girls and two boys, and it's darn near impossible to tell them apart.

MOBY: Beep.

TIM: Well, that's true. There is a third, very rare, type of twins.

An image shows twin fetuses joined in the back.

TIM: Conjoined twins are connected at some part of their body. This can happen when a developing embryo starts to separate into
identical twins, but then stops before the separation is complete. In most cases, doctors try to separate them surgically.

MOBY and MOBY 2: Beep.

TIM: OK, this is fun and all, but which of you is the real Moby?

Moby points to Moby 2.

TIM: You made him out of spare parts?

Moby 2 points to Moby.

TIM: You made him out of spare parts? This isn't gonna end well.

.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.

STEM CELLS MOVIE TRANSCRIPT

Text reads: The Mysteries of Life with Tim & Moby.

A man named Tim and a robot named Moby are sitting at a table staring at a block of clay.
MOBY: Beep?
TIM: Im not sure. I was thinking of making a T. rex.
Tim concentrates while working the clay, and then frowns. The clay has been formed, but does not look like a T. rex.
MOBY: Beep!
Moby hands Tim an envelope.
TIM: Well, lets see if you can do any better!
Tim reads the letter.
TIM: Dear Tim & Moby, I've been hearing a lot about stem cells in the news. What are they? Thanks, Turtle. First off, cells are the
building blocks of life. The human body is made up of about 75 trillion tiny cells.
An illustration shows a multi-layered cluster of cells. Each cell is a round object with a variety of features inside. The cells are
packed closely to each other so that they touch. The scene zooms out to show that the cluster repeats over a large volume,
continuing out each edge of the scene.
TIM: There are 220 different kinds in your bodybone cells, nerve cells, red blood cells, and many more. These cells are
specialized, meaning that they have their own specific jobs to do.
Drawings of each type of cell are colored in as Tim says their name.
Bone cell: a round white cell with three concentric circular layers. There is a hole in the middle of the cell
Nerve Cell: A long, gray cell with many branches and sub-branches.
Red Blood Cell: A red, round cell with a divot in the center.
TIM: Like, a brain cell is a brain cellit can never change into a skin cell, or a white blood cell, or any other type of cell.
Tim and Moby are sitting at the table. Moby is frowning and his arms are crossed.
MOBY: Beep.
TIM: I was getting to that. Stem cells are unspecialized. They dont have any one job in particular; they just divide and make more
stem cells.
The video shows a single stem cell. It is a round cell with one visible round feature on the inside occupying most of the volume of
the cell. As Tim speaks, the stem cell divides into two identical stem cells, and then each of those divide again into identical cells.
Four stem cells are shown.
TIM: But more importantly, stem cells can change into other kinds of cells. Pretty cool, huh?
Three of the stem cells change into one of each of the previously seen cell types: a bone cell, a nerve cell, and a red blood cell. The
fourth stem cell does not change.
MOBY: Beep!
Moby smiles.
TIM: In fact, all of us started out as a single stem cell called a zygote. It forms when a sperm cell fertilizes an egg cell.
The video shows a sperm cell approaching an egg cell from the edge of the scene. The egg cell is large and round and has a
visible central feature. The sperm cell is small, and shaped like an oval, with a long tail wiggling behind it. It also has a single central
feature that resembles the one inside the egg. The head of the sperm cell enters the egg and fades away, leaving only the central
feature, which continues into the egg and merges with the eggs central feature. A thicker outer layer forms outside the egg cell.
TIM: Zygotes, and the first few cells they divide into, are totipotent. They have the potential to become any cell in the body.
The zygote divides by twos into multiple new cells that all resemble smaller versions of the original zygote. They remain clustered in
a small ball.
TIM: But as the embryos cells continue to divide, they begin to specialize. In humans and other mammals, they eventually form a
hollow ball with a cluster of cells inside.
The embryo turns purple, larger than it was, and still roughly ball-shaped.
TIM: These are the embryonic stem cells youve probably heard about in the news.
A cross section of the purple cluster shows that it is a hollow shell made of a single layer of cells. Inside the hollow purple ball is a
cluster of embryonic stem cells.
TIM: Theyre pluripotent, which means they can become almost any kind of cell in the body.
Three of the embryonic stem cells are arranged in a line. The first turns into an eyeball. The second turns into a heart. The third
turns into a tooth.
TIM: The one thing they cant form is that ball of cells that surrounds them!
The cross section of the hollow purple ball of cells fades out and is replaced by the complete ball.
TIM: Anyway, scientists can take the stem cells and grow lines of them in the lab, making them divide over and over again. These
lines could help cure millions of people suffering from all kinds of problems, like Parkinsons disease and diabetes.
The video shows Tim and Moby sitting at the table.
TIM: One day, people with heart disease could get brand new hearts, and paralyzed people could walk again with new spinal
cords!
The screen splits. On the left is a beating heart. On the right is a woman sitting in a wheelchair. The womans shadow stands up out
of the wheelchair.
MOBY: Beep.
Moby frowns.
TIM: Right. Gathering embryonic stem cells is controversial. To get them, doctors must destroy the embryo.
The ball of purple cells is labeled embryo. It darkens while Tim is speaking.
TIM: A lot of people believe thats the same thing as ending a human life.
The video shows protestors holding signs in front of a courthouse.
Text reads: EMBRYOS ARE NOT DISPOSABLE.
Text reads: PROTECT LIFE.
TIM: Others argue that these cell clusters arent the same as human beings, and that doctors only gather cells that were going to be
destroyed anyway. Either way, scientists are researching other ways to gather stem cells.
Tim and Moby are sitting at the table.
MOBY: Beep?
TIM: Well, one avenue of research involves adult stem cells. All people have these cells in their bodies. They can be found in the
liver, brain, bone marrow, skin, and certain kinds of muscle.
Example images of each of these organs appear as Tim is saying them.
liver: a smooth lobe-shaped organ in three sections
brain: a round organ made up of many folded and ridged sections
bone marrow: the inside of a bone.
skin: a patch of hairy skin.
muscle: a long band of fibrous material.
TIM: Our bodies use adult stem cells to repair damaged tissue.
A close-up of the liver changes from a darker to brighter shade.
TIM: Unfortunately, adult stem cells arent as flexible as embryonic ones. Theyre also more difficult to grow in laboratories. And
scientists still arent sure if adult stem cells from, say, the liver, can turn into anything but liver cells.
The brighter shaded liver is initially on screen. As Tim speaks, an eyeball, a heart and a kidney appear, each labeled with a
question mark.
TIM: However, there have been a number of advances in recent years.
MOBY: Beep?
TIM: Well, the biggest development involves something called induced pluripotent stem cells. Basically, scientists have been able to
de-program adult stem cells so that they act more like embryonic stem cells.
Four people wearing lab coats are sitting at long benches, looking through microscopes.
TIM: But this technology is very new, and a lot more work has to be done before it can be used to help cure diseases. Researchers
have also discovered another source of stem cells: the umbilical cord and placenta, which connect babies to their mothers in the
womb.
A developing fetus is in a womb. The womb is illustrated as a sac surrounding the fetus. The placenta is a large red form on one
side of the womb. The fetus is connected to the placenta by the umbilical cord.
TIM: If doctors gather a babys cord blood from one of these locations right after shes born, the stem cells inside it might help her
later in life.
A syringe with a needle is drawing blood from an umbilical cord.
TIM: Cord blood stem cells have proven useful in fighting certain blood disorders. And theres a good chance that someday, they
might help with other diseases and conditions.
A man is lying in a hospital bed with monitoring equipment and an I V drip next to him. A medical worker is next to his bed, reading
a chart.
TIM: But just like induced pluripotent stem cells, theres still a lot of research to be done on them.
Tim and Moby are at the table with the not-so accurate clay model of a T. rex.
MOBY: Beep?
TIM: Anyway, you finished with that clay?
MOBY: Beep!
Moby glances down at the table. The clay T. Rex has been reshaped to a scale model of Rodins The Thinker, a sculpture of a
naked man sitting with his hand under his chin, appearing to be deep in thought.
TIM: Oh, thats real original.

-.-.-.-.---.-.-.-.-.-.-

RNA MOVIE TRANSCRIPT

Text reads: The Mysteries of Life with Tim and Moby.

A man, Tim, is shown pouring protein powder into a blender.
TIM: Protein Gotta get your protein.
A blender is heard.
A robot, Moby, is shown handing a letter to Tim.
MOBY: Beep.
TIMis heard reading from a typed letter.
TIM: Dear Tim & Moby, I get that DNA holds the instructions for your cells. But how do the instructions get carried out? From Olive.
TIM: Good question, Olive! It sounds like you already know the basics. Almost every living cell contains DNA, or deoxyribonucleic
acid.
The screen is divided into four equal sections. In each section, an image shows a different type of cell. Organelles are shown within
each cell. In one of the cells, an inset view appears and is radiating out from the nucleus. A strand of UpperWord D N A is shown in
the inset view.
TIM: It's responsible for the differences between organisms. And it also controls how cells differ within an organism.
Each cell is shown fading away as an ant, Tim, a duck and a plant appear in place of each of the four cells.
MOBY: Beep?
TIM: Think about itcells are incredibly diverse. Motor nerves are long strings that transmit signals throughout your body.
An electrical current is heard.
An image shows a long, thin strand with cylindrical shapes threaded along it. One end of the figure resembles the branches on a
tree. The other end of the figure is flat with eight tendril-like structures radiating out from the center. A starburst flashes as it moves
from one end of the strand to the other.
TIM: They're almost nothing like white blood cells, which are tiny spheres that help you fight infections.
The screen divides vertically in two equal sections. An animation shows a sphere with small mushroom-like protrusions enter the
screen.
TIM: So what makes one a germ-killing machine, while the other acts like an electric wire?
The sphere now has a face and is wearing boxing gloves. The sphere is punching the two gloves together.
An electrical current is heard.
A starburst flashes as it moves from one end of the strand to the other.
MOBY: Beep?
TIM: The difference lies in molecules called proteins, the building block of all cells. DNA tells your cells which proteins to make,
when to make them, and what to do with them. It tells your lens cells to form out of clear proteins, so light can shine in. It tells cells
in your pancreas to make insulin, which lets your body process sugar.
The screen divides vertically into two equal sections. In one section, an animation shows a beam of light reflecting off a chess piece
into a human eye. In the other section, an animation shows four shapes. Two of the shapes are green, one is orange and one is
purple. A large group of variously colored small spheres are exiting the purple shape.
TIM: All of these proteins are assembled right when they're needed, inside the cell.
Moby: Beep?
TIM: They're made out of simpler molecules called amino acids. The average human protein consists of hundreds of amino acids
linked together.
An animation shows a cluster of randomly organized different colored spheres. The spheres begin to separate from the cluster
forming smaller groups in the shapes of different amino acids. Each group is labeled with the name of the amino acid that it
represents.
TIM: That's why protein is such an important part of the diet. Your body breaks it down into amino acids, the raw materials for
well, you.
An animation shows Moby biting a raw steak. Blood surrounds Mobys mouth.
TIM: So, assuming you eat right, your cells are swimming with amino acids.
The screen divides vertically into two equal sections. In one section, an animation shows a steak. The screen rapidly zooms into the
steak showing groups of floating spheres connected by small tubes. In the other section, an animation shows a cell. The screen
rapidly zooms into the cell showing groups of floating spheres connected by small tubes organized into the shapes of amino acids
within the cell.
TIM: Structures called ribosomes stand ready to string them together into proteins. All they need are some instructions to follow.
The section containing the cell enlarges to reveal more details of the cell. Three figures are glowing green. The figures resemble a
thick star.
MOBY: Beep?
TIM: The protein "recipes" are encoded in DNA's unique structure.
An animation of a cell rapidly zooms into the center of the cell. Inside the center, a figure resembling an Upper X is shown. The
screen continues to zoom into the Upper X. Inside, an image shows a double helix. The double helix is zoomed in on until only a
portion of it resembling an oblong circle is shown. Running from one side of the circle to the other side are six small tubes. Each
tube is divided into two different colors. Some are half green half red while the others are half blue half yellow.
TIM: It's kind of a spiral staircase shape called a double-helix. Each "step" is made up of a pair of molecules called bases.
Each tube blinks one at a time.
TIM: There are four different bases, and they stick together like puzzle pieces, always in the same pairs.
An animation zooms in on two of the tubes. The tubes separate and reconnect at the point where their two colors intersect.
MOBY: Beep?
TIM: You can think of bases as the words in a special kind of language. Each set of three bases translates to a specific amino acid.
These base triplets are called codons.
An image shows an oblong circle. Running from one side of the circle to the other side are six small tubes. Each tube is divided into
two different colors. Some are half green half red while the others are half blue half yellow. A bracket shows a group of three half
tubes. Surrounding the circle are small clusters of spheres organized into the shapes of amino acids. One of the clusters is circled.
TIM: Hundreds of thousands of codons in a row form a gene, the recipe for a full protein.
An animation shows a column of the oblong circles connected. A square bracket connects the column to a cluster of spheres.
TIM: Here's the thing, though: DNA is trapped inside the nucleus, never leaving. How does it get the recipe out to the rest of the cell,
where proteins are made?
The screen zooms out from inside the cell until the cell with organelles can be seen.
TIM: How indeed, Moby?
MOBY: Beep.
TIM: Not a bad guess! DNA creates a sort of copy of the gene. The first step is transcription, which is just a fancy word for copying.
An animation shows a double helix. The screen slowly zooms in on a column of oblong circles connected.
TIM: A specially shaped molecule moves along the gene, "unzipping" the double helix.
An animation shows two parallel, multicolored lines. A figure that resembles a rounded triangle is traveling along the lines. The
rounded triangle is using a multicolored line segment to increase the distance between the two lines as it moves.
TIM: That exposes the bases on each strand. Using one strand as a guide, the molecule assembles a copy of the opposing strand.
The copied strand is RNA, or ribonucleic acid.
The animation zooms into the rounded triangle. An oblong circle is shown. Running from one side of the circle to the other side are
small tubes. The line segment the rounded triangle was using is connecting itself to one side of the tubes while destroying the other
side.
TIM: RNA is basically a half-DNA, with a single helix instead of a double. And rather than pairs, RNA has exposed bases, just
waiting to stick to their opposites. The RNA version of a full gene is called messenger RNA, or mRNA.
An image shows that now half tubes are connected to the line segment. The tubes are various colors.
MOBY: Beep?
TIM: Yep, because that's its job: telling the cell to build a specific protein. So mRNA leaves the nucleus and heads for a ribosome!
This is the start of the translation stage: when the gene gets decoded into a protein.
An animation shows the line segment travel from the nucleus of a cell outward to connect to a green figure resembling a thick star
with rounded points.
MOBY: Beep?
TIM: Well, you remember all those amino acids floating around the cell? There's something I didn't tell you about them: each is
attached to a short strand of RNA. Transfer RNA, or tRNA, is specially shaped to expose three bases at its tip. These are anti-
codons: they match up with the codon for the amino acid they're attached to!
An animation zooms into a cell. A small group of spheres connected by small tubes is shown. Running from one end of a sphere to
the other is a squiggly line. Attached to the line are three half tubes.
MOBY: Beep?
TIM: The ribosome holds the mRNA in place to expose its leading codon. When the matching anti-codon comes along, they link up.
The attached amino acid is left behind, and the mRNA advances.
An animation shows the group traveling across the cell to a green figure resembling a thick star with rounded points. Sitting on the
green figure is a line segment. Connected to the line segment are different colored half tubes. The group connects to the line
segment. This process repeats.
TIM: A new chunk of tRNA locks into place, and another amino acid is left behind. This repeats over and over, adding amino acids
to the chain until the full protein is built!
An animation shows a vertical, spiraling, cluster of red dots. At its center, a blue intertwining tube is shown. A wavy yellow tube is
shown traveling from the blue tube.
MOBY: Beep?
TIM: Heh, it is pretty involved, and that's just to build a single protein! Now think about this: our cells are cranking out millions of
proteins every second!
An animation shows Tim pouring protein powder into a blender.
TIM: Hence, this protein shake.
A blender is heard.
Slurping is heard.
An animation shows Tim drinking a yellow mixture.
TIM: Agh! Well, that's barfy.

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WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE MOVIE TRANSCRIPT

The Mysteries of Life with Tim and Moby

Moby is shown with hair and moustache similar to that of Shakespeare. He is holding a quill feather pen.
Next Tim and Moby are sitting in a living room and looking at a book.
Tim: Dont try to frighten us with your sorcerers ways, Lord Vader. Your sad...uh...your sad...Line!
Moby: Beep!
Tim: Oh, right. Ahem. Your sad devotion to that ancient religion has not helped conjure up the stolen data tapes, or given your
clairvoyance enough to find the rebels hidden fort...[choking sound]
Moby: Beep.
Tim: Thanks.
Moby hands Tim a letter which reads: Dear Tim and Moby, Who was William Shakespeare? [signed] Erin.
William Shakespeare was one of the greatest writers in the history of the English language. He wrote 37 plays, 154 sonnets, and a
bunch of other stuff.
Moby: Beep.
Tim: Oh, A sonnet is a type of 14-line poem.
A cartoon map of Europe is shown. The frame pans to Great Britain and the borders of England are highlighted.
Tim: William Shakespeare was born in England in 1564, in the village of Stratford-upon-Avon. He got married at age 18 and moved
to London sometime afterward. Other than that, we dont know a lot about his early life. But by 1594, he was one of the most
popular playwrights and actors in the city.
Moby: Beep?
Tim: Yup, he was an actor as well as a writer. Shakespeares history plays told the stories of kings and rulers from days gone by.
Like Richard III, an evil hunchback who plotted to usurp the throne of England. And Henry V, a warrior-prince who led the English
army to glory on the battlefield.
Moby: Beep.
Tim: Youre bored, Cmon, those plays have got intrigue, violence, romance . . . what more could you want?
Moby: Beep?
Tim: You like comedies? Well, Shakespeare wrote plenty of them too! They poke fun at human weaknessesespecially loveand
usually end up with a marriage or celebration. In A Midsummer Nights Dream, fairies play magical pranks on some people lost in
the woods. And Twelfth Night derives humor out of cross-dressing and mistaken identity.
Moby: Beep.
Tim: What do you mean, its not funny!? Back in Shakespeares day, all sorts of people loved those plays! So in 1599, his acting
company, the Lord Chamberlains Men, built a brand-new theater for them. It was called the Globe Theater, and it quickly became
the most popular playhouse in London. Wealthy people bought tickets for stadium-style seats around the edge. Meanwhile, regular
folks sat right below the stage, in an area called the pit. Because their area was on the ground, these playgoers were called
groundlings.
A cartoon shot of actors performing on a stage with an audience in front of them is shown.
Tim: Shakespeare made sure to please them by filling his plays with plenty of puns and slapstick humor. And his intricate plots and
complex characters drew everyone into the drama being staged.
Moby: Beep?
Tim: Yeah, Shakespeares tragedies are considered his best work. They can be very dark and always end in death. And they
usually contain flawed heroes who make costly mistakes.
An image of Hamlet holding a skull in the famous scene from his play is shown.
Tim: Hamlet tells the story of a prince who cant bring himself to take revenge on his murderous stepfather.
An image of a man with his hands around a womans neck is shown.
Tim: Othello is about a Moorish general whos brought down by his scheming, jealous lieutenant.
An image of a king holding a bloody sword is shown.
Tim: And Macbeth is one of Shakespeares bloodiest plays. Its about a Scottish nobleman who becomes king by killing off all his
rivals.
Moby: Beep?
Tim: Oh, you like that one, huh? Most of Shakespeares plays fit into those three categories: comedies, histories, and tragedies.
Most of Shakespeares plays fit into those three categories: comedies, histories, and tragedies. And a fourth category, the
tragicomedies, or romances, have elements of both tragedy and comedy in them. Like The Tempest, about an island ruled by an
angry sorcerer.
An image shows a wizard standing next to a monster with palm trees in the background blowing in the wind and rain.
Tim: William Shakespeare died in 1616, at the age of 52. But his plays are still performed around the world.
An image shows many different people performing the skull scene from Hamlet.
Tim: Theyve remained popular because they reflect truths about human nature that apply to every time and place. Thats why youll
often see versions of Shakespearean plays with unusual settings! You know, like a version of Macbeth set in the Army, or a Romeo
and Juliet in a modern American high school. Hey, lets get back to practicing my lines. The plays on in two weeks!
Moby: Beep! [breathing like Darth Vader]
Tim: Hey. Dont do that. It kinda freaks me out.