Homework

Translating into Categorical Form

Exercise 1:
Review the following sentences and their translation. (In this exercise, there is no need to
write anything down.)

Terms without nouns

Sentences that end not with nouns (but usually adjectives)

1. All persons with tattoos are cool.

All persons with tattoos are cool persons. (A)

2. No SUVs are environmentally friendly.

No SUVs are vehicles that are friendly. (E)

Nonstandard verbs
Sentences that use nonstandard tenses (e.g., conditional, future) of the verb to be

3. Some students would rather pass than fail.

Some students are persons who would rather pass than fail. (I)

4. Some students will learn to translate sentences into categorical form.

Some students are persons who will learn to translate sentences into categorical form. (I)

Singular propositions
Sentences that make an assertion about a specific person, place, thing, or time.

5. He who works hard will succeed.

All persons who work hard are persons who will succeed. (A)

6. John went to church on Sunday.

All persons identical to John are persons who go to church on Sundays. (A)

Adverbs and pronouns

Sentences that contain spatial adverbs (where, everywhere, anywhere) or temporal adverbs
(when, anytime, always, never)

7. She gains weight whenever she is depressed.

All times she is depressed are times she gained weight. (A)

8. Everywhere she goes, she is liked.

All places she goes are places where she is liked. (A)

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Unexpressed quantifiers
Sentences with quantifiers that are implied but not expressed.

9. A man is not a woman.

No man is a woman. (E)

10. Many roses are red things.

Some roses are red things. (I)

Nonstandard quantifiers
Sentences with quantifiers that are not standard (e.g., few, not every, anyone)

11. Not everyone enjoys skiing.

Some people are persons who do not enjoy skiing. (O)

12. Anyone who watches football knows who Tom Brady is.
All persons who watch football are persons who know who Tom Brady is. (A)

Conditional propositions
Sentences with a conditional If then

13. Jewelry is expensive if it is made of gold.

All jewelry that is made of gold is expensive jewelry.

14. If it smells like a dog, it is a dog.

All things that smell like a dog are dogs.

Exclusive propositions
Sentences that use exclusive terms such as only or none but

15. Only persons with high grades are admitted into Harvard.
All persons admitted into Harvard are persons with high grades. (A)

16. Nobody expect Barack Obama has power to veto a bill.

All persons who have power to veto a bill are persons identical to Barack Obama. (A)

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Exercise 2:
For the following:

(a) State whether the sentence is making a universal (e.g., all, no) or particular
statement (e.g., some, somenot)
(b) State the two categories involved.
(c) Provide a translation of the sentence in categorical form.

Be sure to label parts (a), (b), (c) clearly in your responses.

Example: Only the intelligent can do complex math.

(a) Universal claim
(b) Intelligent persons and persons who can do complex math
(c) All persons who can do complex math are intelligent persons.

1. Any bank that makes too risky loans will fail.

2. Terrorist attacks succeed whenever security measures are lax.

3. Every jazz fun admires Duke Ellington.

4. If its a halogen, then it isnt chemically inert.

5. Manipulators do not make good marriage partners.

6. A man is a bachelor only if he is unmarried.

7. A few organic silicones are used as lubricants.

8. Comets are the only heavenly body with tails.

9. Only diabetics require insulin treatments.

10. Occasionally there are concerts in Central Park.

11. Berlin was the setting for the 1936 Olympics.

12. The Kentucky Derby is never run in January.

13. Where theres smoke, theres fire.

14. Grisham writes only novels about lawyers.

15. He who hesitates is lost.

16. I like strawberries.

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17. Some consumers are not concerned to save money.

18. Good fences make good neighbors.

19. Seeing is believing.

20. Any friend of yours is a friend of mine.

21. Experience is the mother of wisdom.

22. Only the strong survive.