WINDSHIELD - INSPECTION/CHECK
1. General
A. The maintenance procedure that follows is for the damage check of the windshields (written as
the "windshield" in this procedure). The windshield is installed at the front of the flight
compartment, on the center line of the aircraft. This procedure is applicable for pilot and copilot
windshields. The procedure for the pilot windshield is given. Differences for copilot windshield are
identified.
REFERENCE DESIGNATION
B. Reference Information
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3. Job SetUp
4. Procedure
NOTE: The data given below is to be used as guide for maintenance purposes. For more
details refer to the PPG Industries component maintenance manual (CMM 561101).
The different types of possible failure indications related to inservice deterioration (or aging) of
the windshield are as follows:
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6. Interlayer Deterioration
7. Interlayer Deterioration (in the area of the heating and sensor elements)
8. Glass Fracture, Crack, Peel Adhesion Chip.
Refer to Table 1 for the windshield visual damage indications. A description of all the damage
types listed and recommended maintenance action is described in detail after the table.
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(a) Moisture ingress is usually the result of wind and/or rain erosion of the windshield or
side window outboard moisture seals. The first sign of moisture ingress is that there is
a change in the look of the windshield or side windows from an optically clear to a hazy
or cloudy translucent color. If the moisture ingress is permitted to continue, more
problems can occur since the damage will move to the inner layers of the windshield
and/or side windows (interlayer deterioration).
(b) The outboard moisture seal which is installed along the edges of the windshield and
side windows is the primary barrier to prevent moisture ingress into the interlayers and
glass plies. It is recommended that the outboard seals be examined at regular intervals
for possible sealant erosion caused by water damage, cracking or debonding..
(c) Deterioration of the outboard seals does not directly have an effect on the structural
properties of the windshield, but it can result in damage to the internal components of
the windshield if the moisture ingress is permitted to continue.
(d) Special attention must be given to the inner edge of the outboard moisture seal since
moisture ingress will usually start at this location. If the windshield outboard moisture
seal has become eroded by more than 25%, or if the seal has become cracked or
debonded, it must be repaired as quickly as possible (TASK 561107390803).
(a) Deterioration of the urethane interlayer can occur if there is a failure of the outboard
moisture seal which then permits the moisture to interact with the two interlayers
(urethane and vinyl).
(b) Interlayer deterioration does not have an effect on the structural properties of the
windshield but it can cause a change in the color of the urethane if the moisture
ingress is not stopped. If the moisture ingress continues it can cause more serious
problems, which includes: delamination or bubbling.
(c) Delamination:
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2 Delamination usually occurs around the edges of the windshield and the level of
delamination (or interlayer deterioration) is usually related to the length of time
that the windshield was in service.
3 Delamination and/or crackling is permitted if they are not more that the limits that
follow:
A maximum of 2 in. (51 mm) from the edges of the daylight opening around
the full periphery.
A maximum of 4 in. (102 mm) radius in the corners of the daylight opening of
the windshield.
Localized areas of delamination are permitted to be more than the continuous
peripheral limit only if the vision of the pilot is not decreased.
4 If the delamination is more than the permitted limits, the windshield must be
replaced (go to the last step in this task for instructions on windshield
replacement).
1 Interlayer bubbling occurs when air (bubbles) are caught in the interlayers.
Usually, bubbles that form in the windshields interlayers are caused by an
overheat condition or from overtorquing of the fasteners during windshield
installation and not from moisture ingress. Bubbles do not usually have an effect
on the structural properties of windshield unless there is a related heating
element or controller problem (or the windshield was not installed correctly).
3 If overtorqing of the fasteners is possible, examine the torque of the bolts found
near the bubbles. Make sure that the torque of each bolt agrees with the
specified torquing specifications in the windshield installation procedure and is
not more than 125 lbfin (14.12 Nm) (TASK 561101400801).
(3) Discoloration (Changes in the Color of the Bus Bar, Conductive Film or Interlayers)
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(a) General
1 Discoloration is often the first visual sign of moisture ingress in the windshield.
Usually an optically clear windshield is an indication that no serious moisture
ingress or no delamination has occurred. But, if there are changes in the
appearance of the interlayers from the usual clear to a hazy or cloudy translucent
color, it is an indication that moisture ingress has occurred.
2 If the moisture ingress is not stopped in time and is permitted to continue it can
cause the color of the urethane to change to a yellow or amber tint. A crackling
mudcracking appearance can also be shown if the moisture ingress continues
and causes more deterioration of the interlayers.
3 Electrical or antiice heating system problems can also cause changes in the
color of the bus bar, conductive film or interlayers.
4 If the inner edge of the bus bar or conductive film is an amber, brown or black
color it can be the result of electrical arcing (or an overheating condition). When
this occurs, the condition of the bus bars must be examined and a check of the
windshield resistance values must taken at regular intervals (refer to the PPG
Aerospace CMM 561101 for the heating film bustobus resistance test).
5 If moisture ingress is found in or near the bus bar, or if the measured heating film
resistance is not in the permitted limits, it is recommended to replace the
windshield at the subsequent maintenance interval (go to the last step in this task
for instructions on windshield replacement)
2 Arcing of the heating system can sometimes cause a glass fracture (bubbling of
the interlayer) especially with continued application of operating voltages to the
windshield after arcing has occurred. A windshield that shows signs of arcing on
the electrical heating system, terminal connections or heating film must be
replaced before the (next) subsequent flight (go to the last step in this task for
instructions on windshield replacement).
3 Arcing can also occur at the terminal block attachment point because of low
torquing of the attaching screw. This condition can cause overheating of the
terminal block. If terminal block arching has occurred, the windshield must be
replaced (go to the last step in this task for instructions on windshield
replacement).
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1 A failure of a sensing element occurs if the resistance is more than the permitted
range. Measure the windshield heatingsystem resistance to make sure that the
sensing elements are serviceable (refer to the PPG Aerospace CMM 561101)
1 If an arcing condition has occurred, or the windshield antiice system does not
operate correctly, you must first deactivate the windshield circuit breakers and do
an operational test of the windshield temperature controller
(TASK 304106710801).
2 If the resistance level of the conductive heating film is not in the permitted limit
the windshield must be replaced (go to the last step in this task for instructions on
windshield replacement).
1 Scratches on the outer ply do not have an effect on the structural properties of
the windshield assembly.
2 The windshield can stay in service as long as the vision through the windshield is
not decreased.
1 Scratches on the inner ply can have an effect on the structural properties of the
windshield assembly and are only permitted if they are less than the permitted
limits.
3 Scratches with an intensity of less than the ASTM F 4286 standard are
permitted if the vision through the windshield is not seriously decreased.
4 Scratches that are more than the ASTM F 4286 standard are not permitted. If
the windshield has scratches of more than the permitted limits it is necessary to
replace the windshield at the (next) subsequent maintenance interval (go to the
last step in this task for instructions on windshield replacement).
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1 The outboard glass ply is not a structural component and the aircraft can usually
be flown (ferried) with certain restrictions if the outboard glass ply is fractured:
The aircraft master minimum equipment list (MMEL) requirements are obeyed.
The vision through the windshield is not seriously decreased.
The other windshield is serviceable.
1 The center and inner glass plies are structural components. Cracks in the center
or inner plies are not permitted and the windshield must usually be replaced
before the (next) subsequent flight (go to the last step in this task for instructions
on windshield replacement).
2 It is possible that the aircraft can be flown (ferried) with the structural glass plies
fractured but only during a nonrevenue (no passengers) flight to the nearest
maintenance facility. Refer to the AMM or ACMM for details on flight restrictions
or contact the Bombardier Regional Jet Customer Response Center (CRC) for
details.
1 Examine for the starlike marks at the corners and periphery of the windshields.
The starlike marks are the indications of interlayer deterioration.
3 Interlayer deterioration can cause color changes (from clear to white or create
"dry mudlike geometric" indications) in the windshield, as the level of
deterioration increases. Color changes are permitted, but only if the deterioration
is not more than the permitted limits and the vision through the windshield is not
decreased. If the deterioration is more than the permitted limits, you must replace
the windshield (TASK 561101000801) and (TASK 561101400801).
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4 Examine the area of the interlayer deterioration for the delamination (for more
details, refer to the PPG Aerospace CMM 561101).
(7) Interlayer Deterioration (in the area of the heating and sensor elements)
(a) Examine the interlayer material that bonds the glass together for the crack indication.
(c) Make sure that the crack does not move to the center of the glass.
(d) The interlayer deterioration is permitted until the vision through the windshield is not
clear.
(e) The interlayer deterioration does not have an effect on the structural integrity of the
windshield.
(a) A crack is a narrow split caused by a break in the material and it has a high
depthtowidth ratio.
(b) The glass fracture or crack can occur on the glass plies.
(d) For more details, refer to the PPG Aerospace CMM 561101.
(2) If necessary, repair the terminals, terminal blocks and wires (WDM 304101,
WDM 304102, and WDM 304103), as applicable.
(3) If a repair was necessary, do an operational test of the windshield/side window temperature
controller (TASK 304106710801).
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(1) Examine the aerodynamic seal for cracks, erosion, or deterioration. Make sure there are no
cracks, erosion, or deterioration.
(2) If the aerodynamic seal is damaged or unserviceable, repair the aerodynamic seal
(TASK 561107390801).
5. Close Out
A. Remove all tools, equipment, and unwanted materials from the work area.
B. Remove the tags and close the circuit breakers that follow:
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EDGE OF DAYLIGHT
OPENING (REF)
NOTES
1 Maximum of 2.0 in. (51.0 mm) from the edges of the daylight opening around the
full periphery is permitted.
2 Maximum of 4.0 in. (102.0 mm) radius in the corners of the daylight opening of the
windshield is permitted.
Windshield Inspection/Check
Figure 601 (Sheet 1 of 6)
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EDGE OF DAYLIGHT
OPENING (REF)
WINDSHIELD
(REF)
NOTE
1 Maximum of 2.0 in. (51.0 mm) from the edges of the daylight opening around the
full periphery is permitted.
Windshield Inspection/Check
Figure 601 (Sheet 2 of 6)
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DELAMINATION
DELAMINATION
Windshield Inspection/Check
Figure 601 (Sheet 3 of 6)
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DELAMINATION
DELAMINATION
pg007a04.cgm, gd, feb01/2012
Windshield Inspection/Check
Figure 601 (Sheet 4 of 6)
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URETHANE
VISION AREA DETERIORATION
MOISTURE INGRESS
URETHANE
INTERLAYER
MOISTURE INGRESS
DETERIORATION
VISION AREA
Windshield Inspection/Check
Figure 601 (Sheet 5 of 6)
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URETHANE
INTERLAYER
DETERIORATION
VISION AREA
BUS BAR
MOISTURE INGRESS
URETHANE
DETERIORATION
Windshield Inspection/Check
Figure 601 (Sheet 6 of 6)
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NOTE
bc5618a01.cgm, hr, apr04/2014
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NOTE
bc5618a02.cgm, hr, apr04/2014
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NOTE
bc5618a03.cgm, hr, apr04/2014
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1
NOTE
bc5618a04.cgm, hr, apr04/2014
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NOTE
2 Example of advanced interlayer degradationunserviceable condition if degradation is more
than 2.00 in. (50.8 mm) around the periphery or 4.00 in. (101.6 mm) at the corners of the
windshields / side windows.
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1
1
NOTE
1 Examples of interlayer deterioration in the area of
the heater/sensorsserviceable condition.
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1
bc5626a01.cgm, hr, apr08/2014
NOTE
1 Example of crackunserviceable condition.
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2
bc5626a02.cgm, hr, apr08/2014
NOTE
2 Example of peel adhesion chipunserviceable condition.
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