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A BASELINE STUDY ON THE

DISTRIBUTION OF MANGROVES IN
AND AROUND ERNAKULAM, KERALA

C.M Preethy, Rani Varghese, S.Bijoy Nandan


Department of Marine Biology, Biochemistry and Microbiology
School of Marine Sciences
Cochin University of Science and Technology
Cochin 682016
INTRODUCTION

What are mangroves?


Are tropical trees restricted to intertidal &
adjacent communities (Tomlinson, 1986).

Multifunctional ecosystem
Prevents Biosphere
coastal resource for
erosion germplasam
Shoreline Reservoir of
stabilization nutrients

Storm control
ART OF THE STATE

Total area of mangroves in India is 4445


sq.km. (State of Forest Report-2005) and the
extent of mangroves in Kerala are:
70,000ha.(Blasco,1975)
1671ha. (Basha,1992)
1095ha. (Kurien et.al,1994)
800ha. (FSI,2003)

300ha. -moderately dense 500ha.-open vegetation


OBJECTIVES

To study the occurrence,distribution, diversity


and zonation of the mangroves in and around
Ernakulam district.

To create awareness on the declining mangrove


species and its future conservation strategies.
MATERIALS AND METHODS

Study area
Ernakulam district of Kerala
was selected as study area.
Coastal area of approximately
N
40 km
Extending from Aroor (9
o86N, 76 o 31E) south to Sattar

Island (10o 18N,76 o 18E) north


of the district.
Twenty mangrove communities
were selected for the study.

Fig.1 Map of Ernakulam district


showing study area
TAXONOMIC STUDY

Mangroves and its associates were collected. Floral


characters were studied by dissecting the flowers.

They were grouped under respective classes based


on standard classification (Tomlinson,1986).

Fresh samples were also collected for herbarium


preparation(George,2005).
RESULTS AND DISSCUSION

Ernakulam district has a


very sparse distribution of
mangroves.

Nine mangrove species


were identified from the
study areas (Table1).

Avicennia offcinalis L.
was most abundant (35%)
followed by Acanthus
ilicifolius (20%) &
Rhizophora mucronata
Fig.2 Percentage composition of
(18%) (Fig.2). mangrove species in Ernakulam
district, Kerala
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION cntd...
Study area Species Total

Bruguiera
Conjugata

mucronaa

caseolaris
Avicennia

Bruguiera
Acanthus

K. candel
cylindrica

apiculata
illicifolius

Agalloca

R.

R.
E.

S.
Aroor A A C C R R A A C 9
Panangadu R A _ _ _ __ _ _ R 3
Nettur C A _ __ _ _ _ _ _ 2
Kumbalam A A R _ C R _ C R 7
Edakochi _ A C C _ _ _ C R 5
Kannamali C A A _ C _ _ A _ 5
Chellnam A A A A C _ _ R _ 6
Kumbalangi C C C _ C _ _ C R 6
Vallanthakkadu R C R _ C C _ A C 7
Mangalavanam A A R R _ _ - C _ 5

Bolgatty C A R _ R _ _ R _ 5
Mulavukadu C A C R C - _ C R 7
Vallarpadam C A C _ C R _ A R 7
Panambukadu A A C C A _ _ A C 7
Puthuvypin C A C C R _ _ C C 7
Valappu A A A A A _ _ A _ 6
Elankunapuzha R A R C A _ _ C _ 6
Cherai _ C _ R C _ _ R _ 4
Maliyankara R A _ _ A _ _ _ _ 3
Sattar island R A _ _ A _ _ _ _ 3
Total 18 20 15 10 16 4 1 16 10

Table 1.Species composition and occurrence of Mangroves in different stations of the


study area
( A- Abundant, R- Rare, C- Common, - absent)
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION cntd...

Fig.3. Spatial distribution of mangrove species in


Ernakulam district, Kerala
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION cntd...

25

20
Abundance (N0.)

15

10

Species

Fig. 4. Variation of mangrove species abundance in Ernakulam


district
MANGROVES IDENTIFIED

Kandelia candel(L.)Druce Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L.) Lamk.


Bruguiera cylindrica (L.) Bl. Avicennia officinalis L.
Rhizophora apiculata Bl. Rhizophora mucronata Poir.
Sonneratia caseolaris (L). Excoecaria agallocha L.
Engler
Acanthus ilicifolius L.
DEGRADING MANGROVE ECOSYSTEMS

LNG Terminal site, Puthuvypin


VALLARPADAM INTERNATIONAL CONTAINER TRANSSHIPMENT
TERMINAL
CONCLUSION

v Sharp decline in species abundance and


diversity of mangrove plants and associates
were observed in the present investigation.

v The notable reasons were:


Grazing by domestic cattle and exploitation
of mangrove woods for food fuel and timber
Reclamation for construction and other
developmental activities
Pollutant discharges from various sources.
WHAT ARE THE NEXT STEPS?
v Further monitoring and assessment of mangrove
habitats for proper conservation and sustainable
management.

v Development of mangrove nursery for greater


propagation and also restoring the mangrove
germplasam of threatened species.

v Suitable replanting programmes involving


people participation are to be implemented for
the benefit of the coastal human population.
REFERENCES
Anon., 2010, World Atlas of Mangroves.2010, UNESCO publication
Basha S.C., 1992. Mangroves of Kerala, a fast disappearing asset, Indian Forester.10;175-189.
Blasco F. 1975, The mangroves of India (Translated by K.Thanikaimoni), French
Institute, Pondicheri.1-175.
George J.P.,2005,Mangrove ecosystem- A manual for the assessment of biodiversity, CMFRI, 15-
17
Kurien N., Samsuddin M., Ramachandran K.K. & Salim.1994. Resource evaluation using remote
sensing for aquaculture site selection. Proceedings of 6th Kerala Science Congress .pp.23-25.
Macnae W. 1968. A general account of fauna and flora of mangrove swamps and forest in the
Indo- West Pacific region. In: Adv. Mar. Biol. Vol.6. Russel F.S. & Yonge M.(Eds). Academic
press, London & New York. Vol.(6). 73-270.
MoEF., 1987, Mangroves in India - Status report Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Govt. of
India. N. Delhi.
Muniyandi K.1985. Studies on mangoves of Pichavaram(South-east coast of India). PhD thesis.
Annamalai University, Chidambaram. Tamilnadu.
State of Forest Report, FSI 2003, Dehradun.
State of Forest Report, FSI 2005, Dehradun.
Tomlinson P.B.1986. The botany of mangroves, London, UK, Cambridge University press
THANK YOU

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