Physics201 Lab Experiment #1

Justin Mesias Kristan Simbulan

University of Santo Tomas
Faculty of Pharmacy
30Jan2017 (Mon)
2CPH

Facebook Group
www.facebook.com/groups/UST.Physics201L.2CPH

JUSTIN Mesias (U.S.T.) Phys201L: Experiment #1 (Calipers) 30 January 2017 (Monday) 1 / 23

 Physics201L Experiment #1:
The Vernier & Micrometer Calipers

JUSTIN Mesias (U.S.T.) Phys201L: Experiment #1 (Calipers) 30 January 2017 (Monday) 2 / 23

Accuracy and Precision
Accuracy refers to the closeness of a measured value to a
standard or known value.

JUSTIN Mesias (U.S.T.) Phys201L: Experiment #1 (Calipers) 30 January 2017 (Monday) 3 / 23

Accuracy and Precision
Accuracy refers to the closeness of a measured value to a
standard or known value. For example, if in lab you obtain a
weight measurement of 3.2 kg for a given substance, but the actual
or known weight is 10 kg

JUSTIN Mesias (U.S.T.) Phys201L: Experiment #1 (Calipers) 30 January 2017 (Monday) 3 / 23

Accuracy and Precision
Accuracy refers to the closeness of a measured value to a
standard or known value. For example, if in lab you obtain a
weight measurement of 3.2 kg for a given substance, but the actual
or known weight is 10 kg, then your measurement is not accurate.

JUSTIN Mesias (U.S.T.) Phys201L: Experiment #1 (Calipers) 30 January 2017 (Monday) 3 / 23

Accuracy and Precision
Accuracy refers to the closeness of a measured value to a
standard or known value. For example, if in lab you obtain a
weight measurement of 3.2 kg for a given substance, but the actual
or known weight is 10 kg, then your measurement is not accurate. In
this case, your measurement is not close to the known value.

Precision refers to the closeness of two or more

measurements to each other.

JUSTIN Mesias (U.S.T.) Phys201L: Experiment #1 (Calipers) 30 January 2017 (Monday) 3 / 23

Accuracy and Precision
Accuracy refers to the closeness of a measured value to a
standard or known value. For example, if in lab you obtain a
weight measurement of 3.2 kg for a given substance, but the actual
or known weight is 10 kg, then your measurement is not accurate. In
this case, your measurement is not close to the known value.

Precision refers to the closeness of two or more

measurements to each other.Using the example above, if you
weigh a given substance five times, and get 3.2 kg each time, then
your measurement is very precise. Precision is independent of
accuracy. You can be very precise but inaccurate, as described above.
You can also be accurate but imprecise.

JUSTIN Mesias (U.S.T.) Phys201L: Experiment #1 (Calipers) 30 January 2017 (Monday) 3 / 23

Accuracy and Precision in Real Life

JUSTIN Mesias (U.S.T.) Phys201L: Experiment #1 (Calipers) 30 January 2017 (Monday) 4 / 23

Accuracy and Precision in Real Life

A good analogy for understanding accuracy and precision is to

imagine a basketball player shooting baskets.

JUSTIN Mesias (U.S.T.) Phys201L: Experiment #1 (Calipers) 30 January 2017 (Monday) 4 / 23

Accuracy and Precision in Real Life

A good analogy for understanding accuracy and precision is to

imagine a basketball player shooting baskets. If the player shoots with
accuracy, his aim will always take the ball close to or into the
basket.

JUSTIN Mesias (U.S.T.) Phys201L: Experiment #1 (Calipers) 30 January 2017 (Monday) 4 / 23

Accuracy and Precision in Real Life

A good analogy for understanding accuracy and precision is to

imagine a basketball player shooting baskets. If the player shoots with
accuracy, his aim will always take the ball close to or into the
basket. If the player shoots with precision, his aim will always take
the ball to the same location which may or may not be close to the
basket.

JUSTIN Mesias (U.S.T.) Phys201L: Experiment #1 (Calipers) 30 January 2017 (Monday) 4 / 23

Accuracy and Precision in Real Life

A good analogy for understanding accuracy and precision is to

imagine a basketball player shooting baskets. If the player shoots with
accuracy, his aim will always take the ball close to or into the
basket. If the player shoots with precision, his aim will always take
the ball to the same location which may or may not be close to the
basket.
A good player will be both accurate and precise by shooting the ball
the same way each time and each time making it in the basket.

JUSTIN Mesias (U.S.T.) Phys201L: Experiment #1 (Calipers) 30 January 2017 (Monday) 4 / 23

Vernier and Micrometer Calipers

JUSTIN Mesias (U.S.T.) Phys201L: Experiment #1 (Calipers) 30 January 2017 (Monday) 5 / 23

Pre-Laboratory: Least Count

Definition
The least count of a measuring device is the least most accurate
unit it can measure, without estimation.

JUSTIN Mesias (U.S.T.) Phys201L: Experiment #1 (Calipers) 30 January 2017 (Monday) 6 / 23

Pre-Laboratory: Least Count

Definition
The least count of a measuring device is the least most accurate
unit it can measure, without estimation.

What is the least count of a ruler?

least count of the main scale

least count =
no. of divisions of the vernier scale

JUSTIN Mesias (U.S.T.) Phys201L: Experiment #1 (Calipers) 30 January 2017 (Monday) 6 / 23

Pre-Laboratory: Least Count

Definition
The least count of a measuring device is the least most accurate
unit it can measure, without estimation.

What is the least count of a ruler?

least count of the main scale

least count =
no. of divisions of the vernier scale

JUSTIN Mesias (U.S.T.) Phys201L: Experiment #1 (Calipers) 30 January 2017 (Monday) 6 / 23

Pre-Laboratory: Vernier Principle

Definition
The vernier principle states that the vernier scale of a measuring
device is used to measure the fractional part of the main scale.

JUSTIN Mesias (U.S.T.) Phys201L: Experiment #1 (Calipers) 30 January 2017 (Monday) 7 / 23

How to use and read the Vernier
Caliper

JUSTIN Mesias (U.S.T.) Phys201L: Experiment #1 (Calipers) 30 January 2017 (Monday) 8 / 23

Pre-Laboratory: The Calipers

The Vernier Caliper

JUSTIN Mesias (U.S.T.) Phys201L: Experiment #1 (Calipers) 30 January 2017 (Monday) 9 / 23

Vernier Caliper
1 Fit the object being measured between the external jaws.

JUSTIN Mesias (U.S.T.) Phys201L: Experiment #1 (Calipers) 30 January 2017 (Monday) 10 / 23

Vernier Caliper
1 Fit the object being measured between the external jaws.
2 Lock the vernier caliper so it will not move.

JUSTIN Mesias (U.S.T.) Phys201L: Experiment #1 (Calipers) 30 January 2017 (Monday) 10 / 23

Vernier Caliper
1 Fit the object being measured between the external jaws.
2 Lock the vernier caliper so it will not move.
3 Take note of the main scale reading.

JUSTIN Mesias (U.S.T.) Phys201L: Experiment #1 (Calipers) 30 January 2017 (Monday) 10 / 23

Vernier Caliper
1 Fit the object being measured between the external jaws.
2 Lock the vernier caliper so it will not move.
3 Take note of the main scale reading.
4 To read the main scale, look for the zero mark of the vernier
scale, then record the value to the left of the zero mark.

JUSTIN Mesias (U.S.T.) Phys201L: Experiment #1 (Calipers) 30 January 2017 (Monday) 10 / 23

Vernier Caliper
1 Fit the object being measured between the external jaws.
2 Lock the vernier caliper so it will not move.
3 Take note of the main scale reading.
4 To read the main scale, look for the zero mark of the vernier
scale, then record the value to the left of the zero mark.
5 If it is exactly aligned to zero, then no need to read the vernier
scale.

JUSTIN Mesias (U.S.T.) Phys201L: Experiment #1 (Calipers) 30 January 2017 (Monday) 10 / 23

Vernier Caliper
1 Fit the object being measured between the external jaws.
2 Lock the vernier caliper so it will not move.
3 Take note of the main scale reading.
4 To read the main scale, look for the zero mark of the vernier
scale, then record the value to the left of the zero mark.
5 If it is exactly aligned to zero, then no need to read the vernier
scale.
6 If not, read the vernier scale for the decimal/fractional part.

JUSTIN Mesias (U.S.T.) Phys201L: Experiment #1 (Calipers) 30 January 2017 (Monday) 10 / 23

Vernier Caliper
1 Fit the object being measured between the external jaws.
2 Lock the vernier caliper so it will not move.
3 Take note of the main scale reading.
4 To read the main scale, look for the zero mark of the vernier
scale, then record the value to the left of the zero mark.
5 If it is exactly aligned to zero, then no need to read the vernier
scale.
6 If not, read the vernier scale for the decimal/fractional part.
7 Look for the line in the vernier scale that coincides with the line
in the main scale.

JUSTIN Mesias (U.S.T.) Phys201L: Experiment #1 (Calipers) 30 January 2017 (Monday) 10 / 23

Vernier Caliper
1 Fit the object being measured between the external jaws.
2 Lock the vernier caliper so it will not move.
3 Take note of the main scale reading.
4 To read the main scale, look for the zero mark of the vernier
scale, then record the value to the left of the zero mark.
5 If it is exactly aligned to zero, then no need to read the vernier
scale.
6 If not, read the vernier scale for the decimal/fractional part.
7 Look for the line in the vernier scale that coincides with the line
in the main scale.
8 Count the number of lines from zero, then multiply to the least
count.

JUSTIN Mesias (U.S.T.) Phys201L: Experiment #1 (Calipers) 30 January 2017 (Monday) 10 / 23

Vernier Caliper
1 Fit the object being measured between the external jaws.
2 Lock the vernier caliper so it will not move.
3 Take note of the main scale reading.
4 To read the main scale, look for the zero mark of the vernier
scale, then record the value to the left of the zero mark.
5 If it is exactly aligned to zero, then no need to read the vernier
scale.
6 If not, read the vernier scale for the decimal/fractional part.
7 Look for the line in the vernier scale that coincides with the line
in the main scale.
8 Count the number of lines from zero, then multiply to the least
count.
9 Add the main scale and vernier scale readings.
JUSTIN Mesias (U.S.T.) Phys201L: Experiment #1 (Calipers) 30 January 2017 (Monday) 10 / 23
Vernier Caliper

JUSTIN Mesias (U.S.T.) Phys201L: Experiment #1 (Calipers) 30 January 2017 (Monday) 11 / 23

Vernier Caliper

JUSTIN Mesias (U.S.T.) Phys201L: Experiment #1 (Calipers) 30 January 2017 (Monday) 12 / 23

 How to use and read the
Micrometer Caliper

JUSTIN Mesias (U.S.T.) Phys201L: Experiment #1 (Calipers) 30 January 2017 (Monday) 13 / 23

Pre-Laboratory: The Calipers

The Micrometer Caliper

JUSTIN Mesias (U.S.T.) Phys201L: Experiment #1 (Calipers) 30 January 2017 (Monday) 14 / 23

Micrometer Caliper
1 Fit the object being measured between the anvil and spindle.

JUSTIN Mesias (U.S.T.) Phys201L: Experiment #1 (Calipers) 30 January 2017 (Monday) 15 / 23

Micrometer Caliper
1 Fit the object being measured between the anvil and spindle.
2 Lock the micrometer caliper so it will not move.

JUSTIN Mesias (U.S.T.) Phys201L: Experiment #1 (Calipers) 30 January 2017 (Monday) 15 / 23

Micrometer Caliper
1 Fit the object being measured between the anvil and spindle.
2 Lock the micrometer caliper so it will not move.
3 Take note of the main scale reading.

JUSTIN Mesias (U.S.T.) Phys201L: Experiment #1 (Calipers) 30 January 2017 (Monday) 15 / 23

Micrometer Caliper
1 Fit the object being measured between the anvil and spindle.
2 Lock the micrometer caliper so it will not move.
3 Take note of the main scale reading.
4 To read the main scale, look where the vernier scale starts, then
record the value to the left of the vernier scale. Either 0.00 or
0.50.

JUSTIN Mesias (U.S.T.) Phys201L: Experiment #1 (Calipers) 30 January 2017 (Monday) 15 / 23

Micrometer Caliper
1 Fit the object being measured between the anvil and spindle.
2 Lock the micrometer caliper so it will not move.
3 Take note of the main scale reading.
4 To read the main scale, look where the vernier scale starts, then
record the value to the left of the vernier scale. Either 0.00 or
0.50.
5 If it is exactly aligned, then no need to read the vernier scale.

JUSTIN Mesias (U.S.T.) Phys201L: Experiment #1 (Calipers) 30 January 2017 (Monday) 15 / 23

Micrometer Caliper
1 Fit the object being measured between the anvil and spindle.
2 Lock the micrometer caliper so it will not move.
3 Take note of the main scale reading.
4 To read the main scale, look where the vernier scale starts, then
record the value to the left of the vernier scale. Either 0.00 or
0.50.
5 If it is exactly aligned, then no need to read the vernier scale.
6 If not, read the vernier scale for the decimal/fractional part.

JUSTIN Mesias (U.S.T.) Phys201L: Experiment #1 (Calipers) 30 January 2017 (Monday) 15 / 23

Micrometer Caliper
1 Fit the object being measured between the anvil and spindle.
2 Lock the micrometer caliper so it will not move.
3 Take note of the main scale reading.
4 To read the main scale, look where the vernier scale starts, then
record the value to the left of the vernier scale. Either 0.00 or
0.50.
5 If it is exactly aligned, then no need to read the vernier scale.
6 If not, read the vernier scale for the decimal/fractional part.
7 Look for the line in the vernier scale that coincides with the
horizontal line in the main scale.

JUSTIN Mesias (U.S.T.) Phys201L: Experiment #1 (Calipers) 30 January 2017 (Monday) 15 / 23

Micrometer Caliper
1 Fit the object being measured between the anvil and spindle.
2 Lock the micrometer caliper so it will not move.
3 Take note of the main scale reading.
4 To read the main scale, look where the vernier scale starts, then
record the value to the left of the vernier scale. Either 0.00 or
0.50.
5 If it is exactly aligned, then no need to read the vernier scale.
6 If not, read the vernier scale for the decimal/fractional part.
7 Look for the line in the vernier scale that coincides with the
horizontal line in the main scale.
8 Count the number of lines from zero, then multiply to the least
count.

JUSTIN Mesias (U.S.T.) Phys201L: Experiment #1 (Calipers) 30 January 2017 (Monday) 15 / 23

Micrometer Caliper
1 Fit the object being measured between the anvil and spindle.
2 Lock the micrometer caliper so it will not move.
3 Take note of the main scale reading.
4 To read the main scale, look where the vernier scale starts, then
record the value to the left of the vernier scale. Either 0.00 or
0.50.
5 If it is exactly aligned, then no need to read the vernier scale.
6 If not, read the vernier scale for the decimal/fractional part.
7 Look for the line in the vernier scale that coincides with the
horizontal line in the main scale.
8 Count the number of lines from zero, then multiply to the least
count.
9 Add the main scale and vernier scale readings.
JUSTIN Mesias (U.S.T.) Phys201L: Experiment #1 (Calipers) 30 January 2017 (Monday) 15 / 23
Micrometer Caliper

JUSTIN Mesias (U.S.T.) Phys201L: Experiment #1 (Calipers) 30 January 2017 (Monday) 16 / 23

Micrometer Caliper

JUSTIN Mesias (U.S.T.) Phys201L: Experiment #1 (Calipers) 30 January 2017 (Monday) 17 / 23

 The Experiment

JUSTIN Mesias (U.S.T.) Phys201L: Experiment #1 (Calipers) 30 January 2017 (Monday) 18 / 23

The Experiment: Objectives

1 To use the Vernier and Micrometer Calipers in the measurement

of lenghts.

JUSTIN Mesias (U.S.T.) Phys201L: Experiment #1 (Calipers) 30 January 2017 (Monday) 19 / 23

The Experiment: Objectives

1 To use the Vernier and Micrometer Calipers in the measurement

of lenghts.

2 To accurately measure the dimension of geometric objects by

means of the vernier and micrometer calipers.

JUSTIN Mesias (U.S.T.) Phys201L: Experiment #1 (Calipers) 30 January 2017 (Monday) 19 / 23

The Experiment: Objectives

1 To use the Vernier and Micrometer Calipers in the measurement

of lenghts.

2 To accurately measure the dimension of geometric objects by

means of the vernier and micrometer calipers.

3 To determine the density of some solids by direct measurement

of mass and volume.

JUSTIN Mesias (U.S.T.) Phys201L: Experiment #1 (Calipers) 30 January 2017 (Monday) 19 / 23

The Experiment: Objectives

1 To use the Vernier and Micrometer Calipers in the measurement

of lenghts.

2 To accurately measure the dimension of geometric objects by

means of the vernier and micrometer calipers.

3 To determine the density of some solids by direct measurement

of mass and volume.

4 To compare the measured densities of some solids with listed

standard densities from references.

JUSTIN Mesias (U.S.T.) Phys201L: Experiment #1 (Calipers) 30 January 2017 (Monday) 19 / 23

The Experiment: Materials

1 Vernier Caliper

JUSTIN Mesias (U.S.T.) Phys201L: Experiment #1 (Calipers) 30 January 2017 (Monday) 20 / 23

The Experiment: Materials

1 Vernier Caliper
2 Micrometer Caliper

JUSTIN Mesias (U.S.T.) Phys201L: Experiment #1 (Calipers) 30 January 2017 (Monday) 20 / 23

The Experiment: Materials

1 Vernier Caliper
2 Micrometer Caliper
3 Aluminum Cube

JUSTIN Mesias (U.S.T.) Phys201L: Experiment #1 (Calipers) 30 January 2017 (Monday) 20 / 23

The Experiment: Materials

1 Vernier Caliper
2 Micrometer Caliper
3 Aluminum Cube
4 Copper Cube

JUSTIN Mesias (U.S.T.) Phys201L: Experiment #1 (Calipers) 30 January 2017 (Monday) 20 / 23

The Experiment: Materials

1 Vernier Caliper
2 Micrometer Caliper
3 Aluminum Cube
4 Copper Cube
5 Steel Cube

JUSTIN Mesias (U.S.T.) Phys201L: Experiment #1 (Calipers) 30 January 2017 (Monday) 20 / 23

The Experiment: Materials

1 Vernier Caliper
2 Micrometer Caliper
3 Aluminum Cube
4 Copper Cube
5 Steel Cube
6 Washer

JUSTIN Mesias (U.S.T.) Phys201L: Experiment #1 (Calipers) 30 January 2017 (Monday) 20 / 23

The Experiment: Materials

1 Vernier Caliper
2 Micrometer Caliper
3 Aluminum Cube
4 Copper Cube
5 Steel Cube
6 Washer
7 Glass Sphere

JUSTIN Mesias (U.S.T.) Phys201L: Experiment #1 (Calipers) 30 January 2017 (Monday) 20 / 23

The Experiment: Materials

1 Vernier Caliper
2 Micrometer Caliper
3 Aluminum Cube
4 Copper Cube
5 Steel Cube
6 Washer
7 Glass Sphere
8 Triple Beam Balance

JUSTIN Mesias (U.S.T.) Phys201L: Experiment #1 (Calipers) 30 January 2017 (Monday) 20 / 23

The Experiment: The Data Sheet

JUSTIN Mesias (U.S.T.) Phys201L: Experiment #1 (Calipers) 30 January 2017 (Monday) 21 / 23

The Experiment: The Data Sheet

JUSTIN Mesias (U.S.T.) Phys201L: Experiment #1 (Calipers) 30 January 2017 (Monday) 22 / 23

References

http://weelookang.blogspot.com/2010/06/
https://www.ncsu.edu/labwrite/Experimental
http://www.measuring-tools.biz/measuring-instruments/
http://www.webassign.net/labsgraceperiod/ncsulcpmech2/
https://www.wonderwhizkids.com/popups/LC.html

JUSTIN Mesias (U.S.T.) Phys201L: Experiment #1 (Calipers) 30 January 2017 (Monday) 23 / 23