POWER TRANSFORMER TEST

TEST EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED:

1.INSULATION TESTER
2.CONTACT RESISTANCE TEST KIT
3.MULTIMETER

TEST
1.INSULATION RESISTANCE TEST
2.VOLTAGE RATIO TEST
3.MAGNETISATION CURRENT TEST
4.VECTOR GROUP TEST
5.WINDING RESISTANCE TEST
6.SHORT CIRCUIT TEST
INSULATION RESISTSNCE TEST:
The voltage shell be applied between
Primary winding to ground
Secondary winding to ground
Primary winding to secondary winding the reading
for 1 min and 10 min will be noted and PI
value can be calculated as
PI=10min /1min
VOLTAGE RATIO TEST :
This test is verify the voltage ratio of the
transformer with its nameplate values.
The voltage shell be applied across one of the phase
primary winding (in case of star connection
RY,YN,BN or in case of delta connected RY,YB,BR
or RB,YR,BY) and voltage shell be measured at
respective secondary winding. this test shell be
done phase-by-phase for all taps.
MAGNETISATION CURRENT TEST:
This test is to verify there is no abnormality in no load
magnetising current and there is no internal fault
transformer.

the test shall be done phase-by phase .apply test voltage

across one of the phase of primary or secondary and other
side kept open ciruited. Measure the magnetising current
drawn by the winding this can be done during ratio test for
each tap.
VECTOR GROUP TEST :
This test to confirm the vector relation between primary and
secondary as shown in the nameplate .this will ensure the
polarity and terminal marking on the transformer.

Apply 3-phase test voltage on transformer primary with

secondary open circuited .
Short R phase primary and r phase secondary. measured
voltage
On several points and recored.
WINDING RESISTANCE TEST:
This test is to measure the both primary and secondary
winding dc resistance and to confirm there is no winding
discontinuity ,abnormality at all taps.
This test to confirm the resistance of the primary winding
R &Y .inject 10A DC current through the winding .
The winding is measured and resistance is calculated.
NOTE :
The test values are influenced by temperature ,so the oil
temperature should be noted during test.
The resistance of the transformer or reactor winding is
normally less than 1 ohm .various types of resistance are
divided into three classes
1.Low resistance
2.Medium resistance
3.High resistance
any resistance below one ohm is called low resistance.
The medium resistance is from above one ohm to
100kohm. high resistance is more than about 100kohms.
SHORT CIRCUIT TEST :

The voltage shell be applied across one of the phase primary winding
and SECONDARY WINDING shell be shorted winding . the short
circuit current is to be calculated for the available mains voltage from
the percentage impedance of the transformer .

Power transformer . 110/11KV ,10MVA ,52.5A/525A

Z=8.93% AT principal tap . mains voltage =400v
8.93%of 110KV=(1100x8.93/100)=9823v
9823V will deliver 52.5A in short circuit.
400V will deliver (400x 52.5/9823)=2.14A
HV Short circuit current at principal tap =2.14A
LV Short- circuit current =2.14 x110/11=21.4
Transformers cooling
1.ONAN -(Oil natural air natural)
2.ONAF (oil natural air forced)
3.OFAF - (oil forced air forced)
4.ODWF -(oil direct water forced)
5.OFAN (oil forced air natural)

Faults in Transformer
INTERNAL EXTERNAL
1.Phase fault 1.phase fault
2.Ground fault 2.ground fault
3.Tap changer failure 3. over load fault
4.Leakage of oil from tank 4.overflaxing fault