Population based planning is an appealing methodology for the development

of a people-oriented health systems plan. By focusing on the identification

and minimization of the social, behavioral, and environmental risks to ill
health, population based planning is compatible with the growing
understanding of the social origins of health and disease. Models of both
population based and resource based planning are presented and used to
define the concepts and contrast the two methodologies. To strengthen the
population based planning model, Kessner's tracer methodology is
incorporated into the technique. Finally, the benefits (focus on the social
origins to disease) and the drawbacks (extensive time and data
requirements) of population based planning are highlighted
(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10308626)

http://www.sagepub.com/sites/default/files/upm-binaries/3989_Chapter_1.pdf

https://books.google.co.uk/books?
id=mvoKCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA357&lpg=PA357&dq=whats+the+difference+bet
ween+population+based+and+institutional+based+planing&source=bl&ots
=X-
9WtVUQ2a&sig=L2cti8ySPohe3hFASJrGzVnBkjg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKE
wi658Lq7cnPAhVEOhoKHXdCDrcQ6AEILTAC#v=onepage&q&f=false (a good
source of inf0)
http://www.news-medical.net/news/20150309/Population-based-approach-to-
health-planning-can-prevent-disparities-in-access-to-stroke-care-says-
study.aspx

Population based planning:

Performance-based planning is a multi- scalar concept with contemporary

understandings ranging from the level of strategic spatial policy (Hillier,
2007; Steele and Sipe, 2007); performing versus conforming planning
systems (Faludi, 2000; Rivolin, 2008); to the use of performance indicators
and codes at the level of local planning schemes (Baker et. al., 2006; Elliott,
2008).

Advantages:

IMPROVING SUSTAINBILITY:

The fiscal sustainability of publicly funded health care systems is a challenge

to policy-makers in many countries as health care absorbs an ever increasing
share of both national wealth and total government spending. New
technology, aging populations, and increasing public expectations of the
health care system are often cited as reasons why health care systems need
ever increasing funding as well as reasons why universal and comprehensive
public systems are unsustainable. However, increases in health care
spending are not usually linked to corresponding increases in needs for care
within populations. Attempts to promote fiscal sustainability of systems such
as limiting what the range of services covered of the groups of population
covered may compromise their political sustainability as some groups are left
to seek private cover for some or all services. In this paper an alternative
view of fiscal sustainability is presented which identifies the failure of
planning and management of health care to reflect needs for care in
populations. In this presentation an integrated needs-based analytical
framework for health service, workforce and expenditure planning is
presented. By identifying the separate determinants of workforce
requirements, the analytical framework avoids the illusions of necessity
that have generated continuous increases in supply. The framework is also
used to broaden policy thinking on addressing service gaps beyond the
traditional focus on the size of education and training programs as a method
of increasing supply. Using data from the General Household Survey for
England we illustrate application of the framework and show how, in the
absence of appropriate planning methods, increases to service use may
reflect provider interests more than population needs.
Dr. Stephen Birch is a Professor in The Centre for Health Economics and
Policy Analysis at McMaster University in Canada and part time Chair in
Health Economics at the University of Manchester Centre for Health
Economics. He holds visiting appointments currently at the University of
Technology Sydney, Australia and previously at the University of Cape Town,
South Africa and University of Malmo, Sweden. He is senior scientist at the
WHO Collaborating Centre on Health Workforce Planning at Dalhousie
University, Canada and a former member of the UK Department of Healths
Centre for Workforce Intelligence. He has served as a consultant with WHO
and the World Bank as well as many national and provincial health
departments on health workforce planning. He was a consultant to the
Barer-Stoddart report on physician planning in Canada, The Kilshaw report on
Physician payment reform in Canada and the George Committee on the
future of the physician workforce in Ontario. He led research in Canada on
the development and application of needs-based models of health care
funding and has further developed these models for application to health
workforce planning. His main research interests are in the economics of
health care systems with particular emphasis on equity, resource allocation
and alternative delivery models. He has over 200 publications in peer
reviewed journals and was ranked equal first in Canada in the 2012 World
Bank publication on the quantity and impact of health economics research.
He was Senior Editor for Social Science and Medicine from 1997-2012 and
has served on various public boards including the Local Health Integration
Network and the District Health Council in Hamilton, Ontario, the Health
Professions Regulatory Council of Ontario and the Community Health Council
for York District Health Authority. https://www.ohe.org/events/improving-
sustainability-through-population-needs-based-planning

Valuing equity
Population health planning seeks to reduce health inequities by addressing
unfair differences in health and social opportunities, access and outcomes.
Addressing social determinants
Action on social determinants can improve health outcomes, prevent poor
health and reduce avoidable differences in health status that exist between
sub-population groups.
Building capacity
The development of skills, structures, leadership and resources to support
sustainable population health planning.
Building leadership
Key leadership competencies must be identified and developed.
Working in partnership
Population health planning relies on strong and sustainable cross-sectoral
partnerships. It requires an understanding of the levels of partnership and
mechanisms to support sustainable partnerships.
Working with community
Community participation is essential to ensure that population health
decisions and actions are appropriate.

Institution based planning

https://www.measureevaluation.org/news/the-time-is-now-for-improving-
routine-institution-based-health-information-systems
Health systems in most high-income countries aim to provide a
comprehensive range of services to the entire population and to ensure that
standards of quality, equity and responsiveness are maintained. Although
approaches vary widely, responsibility for developing the overall framework
for financing and organizing health care usually lies with the central
government, while governance of the health system is often shared by
central and regional authorities.
http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/108966/E91193.pdf

The new institutionalism movement that reformed in the 1980s aimed at

reinterpreting human action within diverse and complex institutional
frameworks. The broad thrust of this was an emphasis on the context specific
dimensions of cultural, social and political fields (March and Olsen, 1990). In
particular, new variants such as sociological institutionalism seek to probe
the messy dialectics of governance such as structure and agency, state-
society relations, institutional creation and change, and the complicated web
of relationships between institutions, strategic ideas and interests. Implicit is
the notion that whilst policy decisions are a product of institutional settings
and wider influences (both formal and informal), individuals are themselves
deeply embedded in cultural and organisational fields that frame and define
the key concepts such as environment, equity and efficiency
(Granovetter, 1985). Within this agenda key area for analysis include:
Broad changes in the socio-economic or political context that can
produce a situation in which latent institutions suddenly become
salient;
Changes in socio-economic context or political balance of power that
can produce a situation in which old institutions are put in the service
of different ends as new actors come into play who pursue their new
goals through existing institutions;
 Exogenous changes that can produce a shift in the goals or strategies
being pursued within existing institutions that is changes in outcomes
as old actors adopt new goals within the old institutions; and
Political actors who can adjust their strategies to accommodate change
in the institutions themselves through dramatic, piecemeal or ongoing
strategic manoeuvring for change within institutional constraints.
http://www98.griffith.edu.au/dspace/bitstream/handle/10072/29811/62
264_1.pdf?sequence=1

http://www.sagepub.com/sites/default/files/upm-binaries/3989_Chapter_1.pdf

Difference
In both practices there are numerous differences but to some extent there
are resemblances as well.
Population health issues are main concerns in population based planning.
But in institutional based planning it is more about the contemporary
services or delivery of services.
So it is evident that population based planning execute on the national level
while institutional based planning on the organisational level.
Population based planning begins with diagnosis and based on assessment of
heath problem or causes and factors of risk involve in the issue. Than
focusing on the main questions.
But in institutional based planning it is totally opposite. In this planning
system it starts with analysis of current circumstances, formation of services
aims and objectives. Usage of extracted data as primary information which
could incudes economics conditions for the actual interventions than
development for the services strategies.

Institutional based planning emphasis on institutional management and

services while population based planning gives importance to the heath
improvements.

Population based planning focuses on the modification of health care system

in the concerned area.
But institutional based planning emphases on the betterment of the services
delivery of the concerned institute or organisation.
Population based planning primarily targets on the effectiveness of the
system but on the other hand institutional based planning targets the
efficiency of organization.
Population based planning need more time to do research and analysis while
institutional based planning needs less time because it just focuses on the
organisational.

Limitations
POPULATION BASED PLANNING is resource hungry method because it needs
numerous
research to identify the major health issue, diffusion of health problems,
causes, risks and than prioritization of the issues.
Which requires collection of data, qualitative and quantitative data analysis
and it may include some important literature.
It is time consuming approach as well since to collect the data, it may
include public meetings, surveys, ground level research in the infected area
and some other data collection methods.
Population based health issues may change over the period of time. So to
counter any situation it needs continues exploration.
This planning strategy typically focuses in future health interests rather than
standing health situations.

INSTITUATIONAL BASED PLANNING more emphases on organizational level.

This planning method more focuses on the heath services rather issues. It
does not need tons of research thats why it is likely to be considered as
short term planning.

Conclusion and recommendations

Health planning methodologies are formed to develop the system of health
delivery servicers for the betterment and meeting the requirements of the
population. It is the process of allying the current health delivery services
with the changing configurations of need. Simply it is the process of
moulding the existing services to meet the upcoming challenges in the
health sector. Health services planning should be elastic that can meet the
future challenges.
it must address the problems in population and health station of the
population while delivering viable services.
As we see heath service system is getting complex with the passage of time
thats why it is very hard to outline that which health planning methodology
is suitably addressing the problems. Both methods of planning are connected
to each other and institutional based planning leads to execution of
population based planning. But to managing the health service system it
requires the well-organized monitoring and controlling mechanism for all
parts of procedure.
However, to set up a decent and trustworthy health care structure in the
country, both methodologies should be use in distinct circumstances to
overcome the health problems. This will require comprehensive knowledge,
expertise and effort by the managers associated with in health service
planning.