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Order Product
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3/3/2017 Researchmaterial|Report
We ordered 3 dierent sizes of piercing needle in case they do not t the thermistor head well enough.
We ordered two kinds of thermistor: normal lead ones & leads enclosed by insulator. The normal one
costs $3.43 each, and the insulated one costs $3.63.
We ordered 3 needles of each type to ensure we will have backup if things failed. The order costs
about 36 dollars including shipping.
This is a bead-head thermistor. Its head is 0.8mm wide and 1.4mm long, which can ideally t through
the hollow needle.
It also has a wide temperature range: 55C to 250C. In addition, it has a 1% error, which is good
enough for our design purpose.
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Bluetooth modulations
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3/3/2017 Researchmaterial|Report
systems. These modulations are used in wireless, cellular, wired line and satellite communication
systems. New technologies such as MIMO, BLAST and space-time coding are used in transmission data
communication systems
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3/3/2017 Mech/Electricalexperiment|Report
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Accuracy and range verication plan
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3/3/2017 Mech/Electricalexperiment|Report
For the following example, three points are selected, two close to the ends of the operating range and
one near the center. We know that measurements will not be completely accurate, so articial errors
have been inserted into the data to result in temperature errors of magnitude 0.1 degrees C with
alternating sign at the three measured points.
Curve forms are available that describe the nonlinear shape of the thermistor characteristic quite well.
The most commonly used form is the Steinhart-Hart Equation. The resistance measurement of the
thermistor is not normalized, so just use the measured value of Rt in ohms. As a matter of fact, we will
calibrate these values for better accuracy.
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Thermistor Arduino Code
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dene THERMISTORPIN A0
// how many samples to take and average, more takes longer // but is more 'smooth'
dene NUMSAMPLES 5
// the value of the 'other' resistor
void setup(void) { Serial.begin(9600); // connect AREF to 3.3V and use that as VCC, less noisy!
analogReference(EXTERNAL); }
// take N samples in a row, with a slight delay for (i=0; i< NUMSAMPLES; i++) { samples[i] =
analogRead(THERMISTORPIN); delay(10); }
// average all the samples out average = 0; for (i=0; i< NUMSAMPLES; i++) { average += samples[i]; }
average /= NUMSAMPLES;
delay(1000); }
The rst trick relies on the fact that the 5V power supply that comes straight from computer's USB
does a lot of stu on the Arduino, and is almost always much noisier than the 3.3V line (which goes
through a secondary lter/regulator stage) It's easy to use, simply connect 3.3V to AREF and use that as
the VCC voltage. Because our calcuations don't include the VCC voltage, we don't have to change your
equation. We do have to set the analog reference but that's a single line of code
Taking multiple readings to average out the result helps get slightly better results as well, since we may
have noise or uctuations, we will use about 5 samples.
dene THERMISTORPIN A0
void setup(void) { Serial.begin(9600); }
reading = analogRead(THERMISTORPIN);
// convert the value to resistance reading = (1023 / reading) - 1; reading = SERIESRESISTOR / reading;
Serial.print("Thermistor resistance "); Serial.println(reading);
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delay(1000); }
Say the xed resistor is 10K and the variable resistor is called R - the voltage output (Vo) is: Vo = R / (R +
10K) * Vcc Where Vcc is the power supply voltage (3.3V or 5V) Now we want to connect it up to a
microcontroller. ADC value = Vi * 1023 / Vcc So now we combine the two (Vo = Vi) and get: ADC value =
R / (R + 10K) * Vcc * 1023 / Vcc ADC value = R / (R + 10K) * 1023 Finally, what we really want to do is get
that R (the unknown resistance). So we do a little math to move the R to one side: R = 10K / (1023/ADC -
1)
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