Politeknik Keuangan Negara

STAN

Changes In Pertemuan

Ownership Interest 1-2

Referensi: Moh. Luthfi Mahrus

Politeknik Keuangan Negara

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Pokok Bahasan

1 Perubahan Kepemilikan

Induk Membeli Saham Anak Melalui Beberapa Kali Transaksi Pada Pasar
2 Terbuka - Cost Method

3 Induk Menjual Saham Anak Pada Pasar Terbuka - Cost Method (Control Maintained)

4 Induk Menjual Saham Anak Pada Pasar Terbuka - Cost Method (Loss Control)

5 Pembelian dan Penjualan Saham Anak oleh Induk - Equity Method

6 Anak Menerbitkan Saham

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1. Perubahan Kepemilikan
Induk membeli secara langsung tambahan
saham Anak dari pihak ketiga
Bertambah
Anak membeli sahamnya dari pihak ketiga

Kepemilikan
Induk
(Parent)

Induk menjual secara langsung tambahan

saham Anak dari pihak ketiga
Berkurang
Anak menjual sahamnya kepada pihak ketiga

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1. Perubahan Kepemilikan (contd)

Ringkasan
Transaksi
Perubahan
Kepemilikan
Induk dan
Perlakuan
Akuntansinya

Politeknik Keuangan Negara

STAN Sumber: Jeter (2015, 356)

1. Perubahan Kepemilikan (contd)
Current GAAP (ASC Topics 805 and 810):

Acquisitions that take place in stages or partial sales:

o Measure and recognize acquirees identifiable assets and liabilities at
100% of their fair values on date the acquirer obtains control, and
o Recognize all acquirees goodwill (not just parents share), measured as
difference between fair value of acquiree on acquisition date and fair
value of identifiable net assets.
o Any previously held noncontrolling equity interests should be remeasured
to fair value, with resulting adjustment recognized in income.
o After control is achieved, subsequent adjustments due to increased
ownership are shown as Additional Contributed Capital, not as income.
o If parent loses control, retained investment should be remeasured to fair
value with adjustments recognized in net income.

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Sumber: Jeter (2015, 356)
2. Induk Membeli Saham Anak Cost Method

Induk Membeli Saham Anak Melalui Beberapa Kali

Transaksi Pada Pasar Terbuka - Cost Method

Current GAAP (ASC paragraph 805-10-25-9):

Previously held noncontrolling equity interest should be
remeasured to fair value when control is achieved, and the
resulting adjustment should be recognized in net income.
If a parent loses control but retains a noncontrolling
interest, the portion retained should be remeasured to fair
value on the date control is surrendered and the adjustment
reflected in the income statement.

Politeknik Keuangan Negara Sumber: Jeter (2015, 356)

STAN
2. Induk Membeli Saham Anak Cost Method

P
Company
S
Company
Transaksi Pembelian Saham
Date Saham yang Dibeli Biaya (Cost) Cost per Share Retained Earnings
1-1-2012 1.500 (15%) $24.000 $16/share $40.000

1-1-2014 7.500 (75%) $187.500 $25/share $120.000

Total 9.000 (90% $211.500

1-1-2012 1-1-2015 $185.000

Investment in S Company 24.000 31-1-2015 $265.000
Cash 24.000
S tidak
1-1-2014 Per 1-1-2014, P memegang membagikan
kontrol atas S sehingga investasi dividen selama
Investment in S Company 187.500
P harus dikonsolidasikan tahun 2012 dan
Cash 187.500 2013

Asumsi
Politeknik Keuangan Negara Any difference between implied and book values of the purchases relates solely

STAN
to goodwill and is, therefore, not subject to amortization or depreciation but is
reviewed periodically for impairment.
 2. Induk Membeli Saham Anak Cost Method (Contd)

P
Company
S
Company
Perhitungan dan Pengalokasian
P Share NCI Share Nilai Total
Implied Value (purchase price) $225.000 $25.000 $250.000
Book Value of equity acquired $198.000** $22.000 $220.000*
Selisih $27.000 $3.000 $30.000
Goodwill ($27.000) ($3.000) ($30.000)
Saldo 0 0 0
*$100.000 par value CS + $120.000 RE **90% x $220.000

Date Saham yang Dibeli Biaya (Cost) Cost per Share

Perlu direvaluasi karena nilai saham per
1-1-2012 1.500 (15%) $24.000 $16/share
1-1-2014 menjadi $25/saham
1-1-2014 7.500 (75%) $187.500 $25/share
Nilai investasi di S harus dinaikkan sebesar
Total 9.000 (90% $211.500 $13.500 ($9 x 1.500) untuk konsolidasi

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 2. Induk Membeli Saham Anak Cost Method (Contd)

P
Company
S
Company

Revaluasi Perhitungan Selisih Antara Implied Value (Nilai 1.500 saham sekarang)
dan Implied Carrying Value of Initial Investment (Nilai Tercatat 1.500 Saham)

Keterangan Nilai
Harga beli awal (1.500 x $16) $24.000
Perubahan Retained Earnings (alokasi $12.000 $12.000 merupakan penambahan nilai investasi awal yang berasal
dari kenaikan RE.
income) (15% x ($120.000-$40.000)
Nilai tercatat $36.000 Nilai tercatat menurut P $24.000
Nilai sekarang (1.500 x $25) $37.500
Pada Cost Method, P tidak mencatat retained
Selisih (keuntungan/gain) $1.500 earnings, sehingga terdapat selisih $12.000
sehingga P perlu membuat jurnal di bawah ini setiap
1 Januari 2014 membuat worksheet konsolidasi
Investment in S Company 1.500 31 Desember 2014
Gain on revaluation 1.500 Investment in S Company 12.000
Politeknik Keuangan Negara Retained Earnings 12.000

STAN
2. Induk Membeli Saham Anak Cost Method (Contd)

P
Company
S
Company
Workpaper Elimination Entries
Pada tanggal 31 Desember 2014, dalam workpaper investasi P dieliminasi dengan
membuat jurnal sebagai berikut. Comparison to IFRS
Common Stock S Company 100.000 IFRS 3, Business
Combinations,
Retained Earnings S Company 120.000 provides the guidance
Difference between Implied & Book Value 30.000 for step acquisitions
under international
Investment in S Company 225.000 standards. Under IFRS
3, all previous
Noncontrolling Interest In Equity 25.000
ownership interests
are adjusted to fair
Ketika P menggunakan Cost Method, pada subsequent periods P perlu membuat reprocity
value, with any gain or
(equity conversion) dengan menghitung 90% penambahan atau pengurangan Retained loss recorded in
Earnings S dari 1 Januari 2014 sampai dengan awal tahun berjalan (current year) serta earnings. This is similar
ditambahkan dengan $12.000 initial adjustment (dari tanggal 1/1/2012 sampai tanggal to the rules issued by
1/1/2014). Contoh, ketika P menyiapkan consolidated statements workpaper pada tanggal the FASB.
31 Desember 2015, reprocity (equity conversion) yang perlu dibuat adalah sebagai berikut.
Jumlah dari Workpaper 31/12/2014 $12.000
+ Perubahan Retained Earnings [90% x (185.000 120.000)] 58.500
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STAN
Total $70.500
Ketika P menggunakan Equity Method, P tidak perlu membuat reprocity (equity conversion)
3. Induk Menjual Saham Anak Cost Method

Control Maintained (Induk Masih Memegang Kendali)

o Perlakuan akuntansi atas penjualan sebagian porsi investasi oleh
induk (P) tergantung apakah penjualan tersebut berakibat pada
hilangnya kendali induk (P) atas anak (S) atau tidak.
Jika induk masih memegang kendali, tidak ada pengakuan keuntungan
(gain) atau kerugian (loss) pada laporan laba rugi. Namun, perlu dibuat
penyesuaian pada additional contributed capital of the controlling interest.
Jika induk kehilangan kendali, seluruh kepemilikan (interest) induk
disesuaikan menurut fair value, dan keuntungan (gain) atau kerugian (loss)
yang terjadi dicatat pada income atas seluruh saham yang dimiliki sebelum
transaksi penjualan.

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3. Induk Menjual Saham Anak Cost Method (Contd)

P
Company
S
Company

Ilustrasi:
P memiliki 9.000 lembar saham S (dari total 10.000 lembar) yang direvaluasi dengan harga
$25 per saham pada tanggal akuisisi atau senilai $225.000. Diasumsikan pada tanggal 1 Juli
2015, P menjual 1.800 lembar saham dari 9.000 saham S yang dimilikinya dengan total harga
sebesar $84.600 ($47/saham). Harga perolehan 1.800 saham yang dijual tersebut adalah
$45,000 ($25x1.800 atau 20% of $225,000). Setelah penjualan, P masih memegang kendali S
dengan kepemilikan 72% ((9,000 x 80%)/10,000). Ingat bahwa 1.800 saham yang dijual setara
dengan 18% dari total saham S.

Cash 84,600
Investment in S Company (20% x $225,000) 45,000
Additional Contributed CapitalP Company 39,600

After this entry, the balance in the investment in S

Company account on P Company books will be $168,000
Politeknik Keuangan Negara ($24,000 + $187,500 + $1,500 -$45,000).

STAN
3. Induk Menjual Saham Anak Cost Method (Contd)

Untuk kepentingan konsolidasi, harga perolehan saham yang dijual ($45,000) perlu disesuaikan dengan
menambahkan alokasi Retained Earnings sebesar persentase kepemilikan yang dijual (18%).

The correct consolidated amount of additional contributed capital on is:

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3. Induk Menjual Saham Anak Cost Method (Contd)
Jurnal penyesuaian untuk mengurangi additional contributed capital:

Jurnal untuk menyesuaikan Investment in S Company:

*15%x(120.000-40.000) (3) Investment in S Company (12.000* + 46.800**) 58.800
**72%x(185.000-120.000)
Retained Earnings-P Company 58.800
Jurnal untuk mengeliminasi Investment in S Company:
(4) Investment in S Company 100.000
Retained Earnings-S Company 185.000
Difference Between Implied & Book Value 30.000
Investment in S Company (225.000-45.000+46.800) 226.800
Noncontrolling Interest (25.000+28%(185.000-120.00)+45.000 88.200
Jurnal untuk mencatat goodwill:
Politeknik Keuangan Negara

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(5) Goodwill 30.000
Difference Between Implied & Book Value 30.000
3. Induk Menjual Saham Anak Cost Method (Contd)

Politeknik Keuangan Negara

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3. Induk Menjual Saham Anak Cost Method (Contd)

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4. Induk Menjual Saham Anak Cost Method

Loss of Control (Induk Kehilangan Kendali)

o Perlakuan akuntansi atas penjualan sebagian porsi investasi oleh
induk (P) tergantung apakah penjualan tersebut berakibat pada
hilangnya kendali induk (P) atas anak (S) atau tidak.
Jika induk masih memegang kendali, tidak ada pengakuan keuntungan
(gain) atau kerugian (loss) pada laporan laba rugi. Namun, perlu dibuat
penyesuaian pada additional contributed capital of the controlling interest.
Jika induk kehilangan kendali, seluruh kepemilikan (interest) induk
disesuaikan menurut fair value, dan keuntungan (gain) atau kerugian (loss)
yang terjadi dicatat pada income atas seluruh saham yang dimiliki sebelum
transaksi penjualan.

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4. Induk Menjual Saham AnakCost Method (Contd)

Loss of Control (Induk Kehilangan Kendali)

Pada saat dekonsolidasi, Induk mengakui dan
mencatat keuntungan (gain) atau kerugian (loss)
dengan cara mencari selisih antara:
Nilai tercatat S (The carrying value of S Company) dan
Total dari:
Nilai wajar dari saham yang dijual oleh Induk
Nilai wajar dari saham yang masih dimiliki oleh Induk (sekarang
sudah tidak menjadi Induk)
Nilai tercatat dari saham noncontrolling interest pada tanggal
dekonsolidasi. Nilai ini termasuk jumlah akumulasi laba
komprehensif yang diperuntukkan bagi noncontrolling interest.

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4. Induk Menjual Saham AnakCost Method (Contd)
Illustration: Suppose P Company owns 9,000 shares of S Company (90% of S Company) that were
acquired at $25 a share (or $225,000) on January 1, 2014. During 2014, S Company reported
$60,000 of income and did not pay any dividends.
Investment (9,000 shares x $25) 225,000
Cash 225,000
On January 1, 2015, P Company sold two-thirds of its investment (6,000 shares) of S Company
stock, for $180,000 ($30/share). After the sale, P Company has lost control and now only maintains
a 30% ((9,000 - 6,000)/10,000) interest. The carrying value of S company, on January 1, 2015, is
computed as follows:

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4. Induk Menjual Saham AnakCost Method (Contd)

The gain or loss in net income attributable to P Company is computed as follows:

To record the sale of the shares, P Company makes the following entry in its books on 1/1/2014.

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4. Induk Menjual Saham AnakCost Method (Contd)

Because P Company now holds a 30% (not controlling) interest in S Company, the
investment must be carried on the books using the equity method. Thus, the
investment account must be adjusted for previous earnings of S Company (i.e., the
reciprocity entry usually made on the consolidated workpaper).

Investment in S Company (60,000 x .90) 54,000

1/1 Retained Earnings-P Company 54,000

After this entry, the balance in the Investment in S Company account on P Company
books will equal its fair value of $90,000. Consolidated financial statements will no
longer be required because P Company has lost control.

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5. Pembelian & Penjualan Saham Anak-Equity Method (Contd)

Illustration: S Company had 10,000 shares of $10 par value common stock
outstanding during 20122015 and retained earnings as follows:
January 1, 2012 $ 40,000
January 1, 2014 120,000
January 1, 2015 185,000
December 31, 2015 265,000
P Co. purchased S Co. common stock on the open market for cash:
January 1, 2012 1,500 shares (15%) * $ 24,000
January 1, 2014 7,500 shares (75%) * 187,500
Total 9,000 shares (90%) * $211,500
* of 10,000 shares
Assumptions:
1. Any difference between implied and book value of net assets acquired relates to goodwill.
2. S Company distributed no dividends during the periods under consideration. Since no
dividends were declared, the change in retained earnings represents the net income for that
year.
3. P Company sold 1,800 shares of S Company stock on July 1, 2015, for $84,600.
P Companys Books:
1/1/12 1/1/14
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Investment in S 24,000 Investment in S 187,500
Cash 24,000 Cash 187,500
5. Pembelian & Penjualan Saham Anak-Equity Method (Contd)

Since P Company now has a 90% interest in S Company and intends to apply the equity method,
the investment account must be restated to recognize P Companys share (15%) of the increase
in S Companys retained earnings from January 1, 2012, to January 1, 2014.

Investment in S Company 12,000

1/1 Retained EarningsP Company 12,000
[.15 x ($120,000 x $40,000) or the change in retained earnings from 1/1/12 to 1/1/14].

To adjust the investment to fair value as of the date of acquisition, the gain on revaluation of the
initial shares is computed as:

P Companys Books
Investment in S Company 1,500
Gain on revaluation 1,500

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5. Pembelian & Penjualan Saham Anak-Equity Method (Contd)

P Company will recognize its share of S Company income for 2014 as follows:
Investment in S Company 58,500
Equity in Subsidiary Income 58,500
[90% x ($185,000 - $120,000)]

Assuming P Company received a six month interim income statement from S Company reporting
$40,000 of net income, the following entry will be made by P Company on June 30, 2015.

Investment in S Company 36,000

Equity in Subsidiary Income 36,000
(90% x $40,000)

Investment in S 1/1/12 Purchase (15%) $ 24,000

Company 1/1/14 Adjustment of 15% to fair value 1,500
1/1/14 Purchase (75%) 187,500
1/1/14 Adjustment (15% x increase in RE) 12,000
12/31/14 Subsidiary Income 58,500
6/30/15 Subsidiary Income 36,000
Balance $319,500
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5. Pembelian & Penjualan Saham Anak-Equity Method (Contd)

To record the sale of the S Company shares on July 1, 2015, P Company will make the following
entry (recall that P Company is selling 20% of its shares):

Cash 84,600
Investment in S Company* 63,900
Additional contributed capital 20,700
* $63,900 = 20% of $319,500, the carrying value of the investment.

After the sale of the 1,800 shares, P Company holds a 72% interest in S Company. For the second
six months of 2015 (and for subsequent periods), P Company will recognize 72% of the reported
income and dividends received from S Company. The December 31, 2015, book entry by P
Company is:

Investment in S Company 28,800

Equity in Subsidiary Income 28,800
($40,000 X 72%)

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6. Anak Menerbitkan Saham
Penerbitan Saham Baru oleh Anak di atas Nilai Buku Tercatat (Carrying Value)
Contoh: Pada tanggal 1 Januari 2008 P membeli 14,000 lembar (70%) saham S, par value: $10 /lembar,
dengan harga total sebesar $210,000. Sisanya dibeli pemegang saham lainnya (NCI.) Dalam pembelian ini,
terdapat total kelebihan atas book value saham S sebesar $20,000. Kelebihan tersebut dialokasikan ke
tanah (Land). Saldo retained earnings S pada tanggal 1 Januari 2008 sebesar $50,000.

Assume that the parent

company already has a
controlling interest in a
subsidiary.
The newly issued shares may
be purchased
1) entirely by the parent
company,
2) partly by the parent
company and partly by
the noncontrolling
stockholders, or
3) entirely by the
noncontrolling
stockholders.

Politeknik Keuangan Negara

STAN Selisih Sebesar $20.000 dialokasikan ke Land.

6. Anak Menerbitkan Saham (Contd)

Penerbitan Saham Baru oleh Anak di atas Nilai Buku Tercatat (Carrying Value)
Pada tanggal 1 Januari 2016, P membei tambahan saham S (langsung dari S) sebanyak 4,000
lembar dengan harga $22 per lembar ($88,000). Harga ini lebih besar daripada nilai buku saham
S ($17,5 per lembar). Pemegang saham lain (noncontrolling stockholders) tidak ikut dalam
pembelian saham baru tersebut. Saldo Stokholders Equity S pada tanggal 1 Januari 2016 adalah
sebagai berikut.

Politeknik Keuangan Negara

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6. Anak Menerbitkan Saham (Contd)

Harga beli $88.000

Selisih $3.500

Peningkatan
nilai saham S
dan NCI (net)

Karena pemegang saham pengendali (Induk) membayar lebih

Politeknik Keuangan Negara besar dibanding nilai buku per lembar saham S, nilai saham non

STAN pengendali (NCI) juga meningkat.

6. Anak Menerbitkan Saham (Contd)
If a workpaper were prepared immediately after the purchase of the new shares, the
workpaper entries to establish reciprocity (convert to equity) and eliminate the
investment account would be:

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6. Anak Menerbitkan Saham (Contd)

Penerbitan Saham Baru oleh Anak pada Carrying Value

Illustration: The shares are issued at their book value of $17.50 per share (or $70,000), the
computation is as follows:

Although the noncontrolling stockholders percentage of ownership decreases from 30% to 25%,
their share of the net assets of S Company decreased only by the land value transferred, as
shown here:

Politeknik Keuangan Negara

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6. Anak Menerbitkan Saham (Contd)
Penerbitan Saham Baru oleh Anak di bawah Carrying Value
Assume the new shares were issued at $14 per share (or $56,000). The excess of book value over cost is
computed as follows:

In this case, the $4,500 excess of book value over cost is treated as an increase in the additional contributed
capital of the parent.
P Companys Books
Politeknik Keuangan Negara Investment in S company 56,000

STAN Cash 56,000

6. Anak Menerbitkan Saham (Contd)

Workpaper entries:

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6. Anak Menerbitkan Saham (Contd)

New Shares Purchased Ratably by Parent and Noncontrolling

Stockholders
If the noncontrolling stockholders had elected to exercise
their rights, the percentage of stock owned by the parent
and noncontrolling stockholders after the new issue would
be the same as their respective interests prior to the new
issue.
The book value of the interest acquired is equal to the cost
of the shares to P Company.
There is no need to adjust the parents additional contributed
capital.

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6. Anak Menerbitkan Saham (Contd)

New Shares Purchased Entirely by Noncontrolling

Stockholders
As long as the number of new shares issued is not
so large that it reduces the parents percentage of
ownership below that needed for control, new
financing can be made available and control
retained.
Issuance of new shares to noncontrolling stockholders
reduces the parents percentage of ownership.
Economic substance of the transaction is a sale of
interest by P Company.

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IFRS and Step Acquisitions

Under IFRS:
A choice is available to measure noncontrolling
interests
o At their proportionate interest in the new identifiable
assets of the acquired firm or
o At fair value (which is similar to U.S. GAAP).

A change in control is a significant economic event.

o Acquisition accounting is applied only at the date the
control is achieved.

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