Answers to Biology for IGCSE Chapter 2

Chapter 2 Summary Questions page 24.

(Suggested marks are given in square brackets)

1 examples
cell surface membrane
cytoplasm
nucleus
mitochondria
ribosomes
1 mark each to max 3 [3]

2 examples
cell wall
large (central) vacuole
chloroplast
1 mark each [3]

3 red blood cells transport of oxygen

root hair cells absorption of water and ions
muscle cells contraction and movement
xylem vessels conduction of water and ions
ciliated cells movement of mucus

1 mark for each correct match [5]

4 (a) tissue group of similar cells; cell have similar structure; cells work together to
carry out the same function;

organ group of different tissues; work together to perform a specific function or

functions

organ system group of different organs; work together to perform a major

function (or functions) for the body

2 marks for each definition to max 6 [6]

5 (a) e.g. muscle; epidermis; blood [3]

(b) e.g. xylem; phloem; mesophyll [3]

6 cell membrane barrier between cell and outside environment / keeps contents within
cell / allows substances to move into and out of cell

cytoplasm site of chemical reactions; e.g. protein synthesis

nucleus controls, activities in cell / how cell develops [3]

7 cell wall stops cell bursting / gives shape to the cell / allows water and dissolved
substances to pass through

chloroplast photosynthesis / stores starch

 large vacuole maintain shape / stores ions and water [3]

Chapter 2 Exam-Style Questions page 24-25

Multiple Choice Questions (1 mark each)

1 B
2 B
3 D
4 C

Short Answer Questions

5
cell structure palisade liver cell
mesophyll cell
Cell wall
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Chloroplast
Large vacuole

1 mark for each row to max 6 [6]

6 (a) A - ciliated (epithelial) cell;

B - muscle cell;
C - red blood cell / erythrocyte; [3]

(b) A moves mucus;

B contracts to move the body;
C transports / carries, oxygen / carbon dioxide; [3]

(c) A trachea / bronchus / lungs / oviduct;

B muscle / named muscle (e.g. biceps); NOT gut
C blood (vessel) / named blood vessel(s); [3]

(d) height = 20 mm, 20/1000; 0.02 mm / 20 m; [2]

7 (a) D mesophyll;
E root hair (cell);
F xylem vessel; [3]

(b) D photosynthesis;
E absorption of, water / ions;
F transport of, water / ions or support of stem / leaves; [3]

(c) D leaf;
 E root;
F stem; [3]

(d) 22 mm long, 22/0.05; x440; [2]

8 (a) (i) red blood cell; [1]

(ii) xylem vessel cell / phloem sieve tube cell; [1]
(iii) circulatory; [1]
(iv) phloem; [1]

(b) (i) tissues are made of many cells that carry out the same function; organs are
made of different tissues that together perform a major function or functions;
[2]
(ii) cytoplasm is the contents of the cell except the nucleus / it is where the
reactions of the cell take place; nucleus is where genetic information is stored
/ it controls the activities of the cell; [2]

(iii) cell membranes, are in all cells / control movement of substances into and out
of the cell / are partially permeable; cell walls, are only found in plant cells
(and fungi and bacteria) / allow large and small substances to pass through /
are fully permeable; [2]

(iv) organ system is all the organs that work together for one major function of the
body; organism is an independent individual living thing; [2]

9 (a) nucleus, contains the instructions for the cell;

cell membrane, controls the entry and exit of materials from the cell;
cell wall, made of cellulose to withstand pressure of water inside the cell;
large vacuole, full of cell sap as a store of water and ions;
chloroplast, contains chlorophyll and carries out photosynthesis;
cytoplasm, place where most chemical reactions in the cell take place; [6]
1
(b) 70/10 000; 0.007 mm / 7 m; [2]