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owez 6 ua"liLJ
) h" t'erm r"frot to a cerhrn gv/J;cienLll
higAg>ade C e/ecfricseri Yce.
,T]re mesare o{ power qua-Uty dePnd-s

LAe heeds ol e{uiprnent /Ae/ is ber ns

snPP/re/,
+Usoal/l lAe d.>m fuat'ry
Powed r./"us

to vnu-lntarnin3 a sinusoida/ ware/oTrr?

of bus vo/tap-sat >afud w/*age qnl


frequencl,
) N^uefoTrnoNebc{aic pNer a( Aenete(io

s|a6e is pvre(y sinusor:dolanJ (re" &o-

a,nyd r'stoa{(on,

e l\4anyo/ (Ae pohre,cohvevsrbn arrcl cons


"unpLtozetuip2nen/ 6>e dedSnectto/*A
undevpuae sinusoida/ uo/tarye
w^ve/ormr
) Themqie nary dewces
tta( clktoa/ the-
hrarehtm.
+ These*shzttb, rnal pacp<s*./ea// ot/v
tA u e(a, fw ca/
z e/o,rork .
) 77ereAo-s/een /"?c>e.s
ed ese& hon-/,r,e
hais d|cl t
has rryu//e/ tb en ,hcteose:d
'o{
h"than ndn-srhusoida( Cavzeh
fs atn
vo/tcrte in f/ecft,Z netuork.
)c/assr'/rcq-/rbn o/
pwetr ?cro/r/y 4teq ha!
be eccozdrn? to
seoace o&p>oJ/en
sucl
4' conveokts
-,,/z.ag tte.{t c qbcur( h
on
l , I
Qnar,t[, qrc /*ance.
{he NdvesAape o/ /Ae- signo/
sucAas hqvnonice,//,'ckey ey'c.
+ov byLAe{zeguhcyspec{zo>n(>vrdio
fr"g uancyrnt ufqen t e),
) tiave slape p/>enomena ess
b cia{ed
witA Poaler
/va//6y ?n^^yAu clarackilzed
tn rb sfnc htamovs q>r/ horl-^
sy n cl uo n o us
pleyloylze ha.

)Sfnr/r>ono0s p/euzane%a
reftv b /Aqu
I

/h synrArcn/zn
Nt-(/, AC hrqverhn,
e( pon
fryu?he!.
Fundtrneut{a/ 6r rup/s,
he /o//owimg/rpuro _sdzor,rs
sotne a//le tfpU
tro/ ta6e 4A tcrrLan_c
es.
N ovWL,l

C V . F .
a a - - o , F

AtorrnqI t-tarrrtonics

Mse
+t* rs a bnp/elc- /oss o1 vo/fa6e,
+ /ast /"" /ew cfcles to sev"to/ loutrs"
g ovfaXe/'n va&r/e o/ 0.s to lso^eyc(eA
c/assi/t'ed c rrzonentay ou(ag.

Ahufag. P1 varrfe o( J secands $ I ,rz/n

<tre.tdeak& as siort &>n oufrs,

;"5ut6e(t'npulseg and nhks


C t r r .
))iav?eis a,.{>avrsie*( w/r$te aa cuarct( ttA

&n hare a At'"A tnomr'/rrrfe A* a.y./--<>t^,^1,,o


slrort donlron tt nay due zb /tXltiry 6v

swikhrg apevatbns. A decres<in trc/b.


6T cvvTent /s E/w//qv to /hpu/se rc knohrh

as na.tcAes.

l/ar Tnonics
dheg e o.re n o7?- /
/anda-yne?zht Dq(/eny

cotnpokem/so/ a .hs{o>te/ powet frna{!

|fan"/oztn -

)ney ltnve,{r.y/enetbs t/,at ere hhava/

tnv/hp/es o/ /ando m emfu/ /r. yrazc/.

) Ho,rmowc dbTbr{ron zi a db/ot*vn 6cca


I

-rtni i,t\ ^ stnnrsoi4a( ro/&6e .ot


r t - t

cabnen;
t^ravehrwwl*L/b rnodel/ed as a srurno$n

of sinusoc'da(warr/otf71sa( rh{es>al nu/t/*


o( /crndarnen (o,//z.goen eJ.

tHarnon/'c< afr- nof tlsra/ry pdnced 4/

utlity- Nor-lneax /oads o/ ctzsfrHexsp&,r:e-


cvy'renl Aorntontcs atAicl /Esr/b. /h no&fiv-

hnrncnts 4n^4 \nay a#ec a/Aer /oads

connecfed to tfrc sys(ern.

Tle d,sfurtiou /oobr atr hta/ /ta>tnunrc

dishatrbn ,n+y be defhedas


D F = Jt 3 Q
w rA e v- e h2" =, 8 , 4 - - . .
wAele o,h oae 4,Aeno7ni/ade o/ tAe-

harmontc an/ q, /s tAe ' n,'


be|uenaes
t-
,U
f . I H
'Af'

tt
A
nitude ol /rnda%Lcm{a(comPonem{.
v

) fl twoyttc%toryw/tage d;p tAo( /as( &z 6


ftew Seconds06 /ess /-s ae4ez>ed
vo/h6a &E,
A It znoybe cavsedly ,hn/ts ln (>ansmsin
sYs/ew or by tAe suifc/rthg a/
/oodswia
d /a>re etnoo,r/ o/ mi(ta/ s/ar//Z/
o>h^
-7usA CaDer/5.

Wae S"t//.
n skndy stb/e uo//rye
zrse /rv 6evera/
seqn'Js ot /ess is z.f.rzed
h c.stro/U"
Swel/.

Lme btr-oarnl ,rdrlt /yt Sd sys/at hzq/


Carse uoltaf,e swe//
th t/-e ()n^&,t/Hp/rso
F/ic Kev
F/rc ker can le de{tnel
4s t{e pmapbJA
cL-ange ftz a. /anrD oufou/
^D>n/unoJ A,-
,ii), yoltase
+ s6ne o{ (Ae /oo/s tke atcrrlr>onc
undet7o nyd cAahgesand
Eonetra{esq.
vatrlqA/e vo/t<gte drF a/on/ tle dlsbi,r&bn
fecdua
)Thrs c/rsfa,zbancer??ala//ect .r6ne
o{
ttre loads /ike /ne.ndascent
lglt/nE
ol Fowen6ua0(Y'
Pueyuclrves
}uotiiry Issues Can le vletnted /^^
>Po*e;_
tAvee 1i/,lcaen( peaspec/rves.'
(l) pevspecllte foom ccssh-ri L sAb o/

fouer dry/uahnces #"f


me{ez comceznts

Aore adVetse MPocto o71egovfnrrt'


t ,

(L) flanor4r/w.t ol 6<n s/Ne efuptrtrn(


^ a

hee&/D kn"b PoNe, db?trhnces /e'r"/t

arwd(nf*cts 4 occuzanc.s.
(, ltilt/y (oncened c^trtltpore-r &UtnA

on hlt1 sdes o{ rne/ea.


- (onsevned N/{l Ao* FNe6 drrTluk-rc,

oz$ina(e b* uti(Q srde #"c(


f clS/arnev Pory'Dwev/
F cwtce>reJu)|(h oee.v dArLal^o
flenenahrt
(,t ^!*"./ o4lez cus/o,'?easoD /k uhtfi
"
b eLrif*nt,
flo/a(n, and Afee/t
x Usevs ol sotsr|'ve, e/urf)n"rl cen
(npYore /ne g*6f ,/ pocnroin rfuo
bosr'c (^Ia'A.' c{t/zr:bcr hbn C/zcatt
desivn and u h/'2e {rbn o( paoler
Andr /rb n r*f e7 ctrf ,ne, { .
x Fi/lo,Nr'ry ene soyne eaw?As
app/i'ca(hns ailrcl rcguire
Fwer
cond;hbn-f egctrptne"?f ,
(t) L,/. sf"/"ws,
"oppat
l, Hospr/a( fnr4*rotbn ey<s/e>rs
(3) Poaanedrilcs
and ,*re 4e46unQnts,
-/-- /

@) Pub/r'c u/i/r'/"-s ,
f ee, Naft6
. - / |
_ e/c.
Q5) ln /ao,hic conht
(61Frnacr ca( insti{o/ron .,
" bonk", .sz|ck
trcadrrut,Csrnmohfie".

Pow<l Aoafilf l/onr,br"V


* S,t. eoaveys are pezArrne/
rb evalra{e
Ca'ahly ol powed a/ a s4cr^4. /oco/oz.
?rsi{e gctntrey-sare (z)/fokd
A tdent/f
FNeo //b?6ilqnre end 6 det4tmne (/u
*PPturute so/a*irry rb pn/frws.
il Porcks o/ pwet conddtbnrrqr egufmer,t
tnay/<7o/te s7rr/r'can{
capffr( /z*"{went,
* Powea /,r" tnonr(srba tB hnv n/,/o/o*-
->nlnin6;/
/ower con&{rbnr7 ?rtFne.{
/S necesq>/.
PowettYon;tqhf Sm/.ws
*Quo/r'/y enl covp/exr(y
o/phret
tcn /,

lnofirfur"rf sys/en ave a/anys


/ncaastT,
,Sys/w cu heasce,
roevire, -gorwlna
anl /n/ozmo/rb, o/ dr.durhDe<s.
"rb*
*can yerArw -feak ,"rouahz/
__y__ _,(,,t even/ ,or^6i,
J
t^fa(/"rhtmr"roa/roy A.Sorfe/ es
tfleas(/r/TJ
andshrt'*f ,ra/rfr4e
am/ ccraptr/ W/ues.
arDesiaaSk /' afu>eso/ p
h.Er ha2"{an
ut,
errrPuent nclrde ile A//oa ,
('t Doeh unpze/rz/"/:n";Tr'', po*un
drsrfubances,,inlnmen& u.*J -g/n,r, /p
t ^^ lt^ /t rr r I r-
De caTabte of oncct{ende{ oFdiatrbn.

@ f4eosu6lnt /qs/rame,f .s/ov/ Je capl/<


t
# Teca(O@t/,e reuadoJ even/s A, {,{<
I
Ana(ysr's.

(D Desr'>alb 6a lhsrbulnenf -zL/e ,-c^^IL


v rrr<.2 L L\) ?e @faa{<

o( borsmr'{ lrhg /[. trecordel ererr{s h


s v\_7

bnpftA dearr'ceE.
@)corylr(ly h Ca&;orr2, e,e*/, \'7' t\-t arb/e
0

on-(inr, so as h tn/n('n/Lq orT l*" ahofo


@ Inburr.mt ar(A uvn,rer6awt-<<p(1rae,
erfr*
t
ccol b<
PryrqmrnC to h.ke 6naps/o{ a,/
ac disr{lrlenaes.

-iv addrkbn o/-xvt"z( /


/ loryer U" /rt"(
I
CJaVaCfui2e DohJpx 3ctpilt ir^o,( .l-nA.-^ ^ t
.ivsl a#o 4,1. oa;cr6rtrrc-
af a sper{,, arqrt.
cl

Ul Monrhzly ar,7hexTan/e/ warur&u,m


,
cayabiGt/ /a, t /rlak de takd savTt nedon
n l t . r
o+'ttansienfa-
(A fiys/erns aAo,rd6e e7urpVd o,y/lo &4ary
I T
h.ckcy ov UPS, b ntle tAnyl pantezo,r/a;ra.

(6) Cuzaela*,bnoNeuenk oy?poouetr


tue
I
pltrees afctires stnu/tar?<ous znonttoorTl

ol donne(s.
19 Usea-/ur.rtty HbrLce
/,s q deba//u
a*6tOrb.
/'

Lmi{a-*bn a( ft?oraoarv
Lo lYor,lorcwpotds, r{ r B .Tnqn
/on*^ Jl
.s>> ^

o-Yeq6 vn1'gAt
Ncrce a- h^JeA. A+
veprascrn/",//lRprall" #row6 /r*rtrtqn((s-,

i/ tAef occclvch/*ya/o72(/yotr dn a &aSona(

hoStS.
I

Lq P",.*-hhe ntawfur"rf a/ a sy6hn /n a,-


/ton , padc/ces lath (t*t
cov/g7ula
firert
cannal,e/t"./ ctrarys U*( lroy oc@ at

par#colar sr'(e, ,.hAAornX si/u al cttil'/y.

LDDa{^ Cqnk eguPment-deP*,/e,z/

@) wAen(onry/n6 tl rylk o'( Pre4ez,


ar,il pasl gvavers/ one.sloud consr/er

cLdn6es(L"t /,ave 6<coare{ rh ^r/rX,,*ilon

/'r? powevsys/ertt, (n Pa&bvlar a/ scbAr<

re/ecrt're deyrces,
CusrDpr PowERDevleEs
. -
)$PoNev Ebcfr rynlc
concept dpp/red
d,bfzibv (ro>, e
feleyn
r Ptukc( /Ae cus/oTneds
/uo* PoN<2r
Luqfr/f pm//ews.
tt .TnpaowtAe
;r"/c'qf,|/+ of
/

7)oatqtr.
Cuefuy,,Rurea hvtZes

lVrlwolk vecon/guanJ CowTauo{r?


typ"
L
5htr. Cuwen{(tnrkr
'/r'
D-sTAicon
5h(r. Ci>cctr'tbuok > Dfnanic vol{age
Ro/"r.o'
5&frc Tn"rrgk gc^trkh Unrfied po^reT
QuahVfhndnfu.rBr
(ueac)
Cvsfon Pow.t Devices_
tVe/*ork ,.ror/g*r!7
tYP''
r vsed6" /so/a6,o, an/ pn/e/rbn
oro1,
a Feco"/gom{bn,
Shttc Cctoren(
0,wr.{e6 (ScD
lr (mrk a /a,r/( cuzrert /y forrkQrnsrr/n,1
4, *n/'es ,"r,/u./ance /v? tte &uft
roa(/.

owem!
4tnit,rV
tnd,r/o

pack he Sack Gzo s*ikh

o{
frn 5U is a p^vahelcom$t.zo.{rav
Cr,lAn an(,-p,rallelc"msallch ulA snuJLB
(D f cwartt ftnrtrry rh/uc'6a-
r,r A zirrtc o.r;de (2, o) a'lzes/a
^fr hro cans^ti{ctred
o{1at ar/ (/*. Ly
apF/VlUq n"doy!>re ptbe
Ao{e
\ 5o i{ Lan /, kzzvpt a cuaen(rrs/wnorly

ir @p*o{rzqt' (sct)
o Gro bndvct,"l ,,,:cm/eT ory>afrry
koavra(
Condr'(ion

* hce a /ar/t xcc)us2 G?Ob aa frDt,d"#


as sson0s &ud /3 {etcdd
A t{ cen c^tr'{A/n/r*
>srcr/ se@hdk,
-k*tl( cctavrt| tAen drv<tkJ
tb {tre swAh
Corcclov /rvni/rry {Ie D=,.ku/ arse.
*f roHaSe ac,rasG?o
't) W/,h.ge
(tre Gro e^,i// vr'- un
ecvo-ss
hll
It ve.crlts /le clo>no/rhe /e,rc/ c<L
Yr sal^e */Un oPpeav arcaosscctwent
li*ih^J ,.oc{of.
r )nce' /Ae cravnplv /eo,r/o/ //e
ro//ag &
Veacfied,cuaa<rt ac>ass tle
veaerb>ar//
rrse /nean/y.

r,Lmeqtr rlse ayL con#'ru. ti// ,.( lecone


ef ^/ & insfuD/an ous /ere/ #Cuav<lC

/br/*f lAnrryl/,ne,
zKthru /Ie r*16,r n(/. 4,'ne s.oies m@am

thqease) cua>e^{ ui// /e (*ti(AL


I,lse o{ SnubJs cbcur'|
x a,ti{hai SnuJleauacu/'f,4*i&,47 ndody

com,9/?? saks ar/tl 4.drr, auce r'/e


GfO /'s sttr{cAed oK
fnilro'( cwrerr/ {A>oV/ r,)ldaobris z<ro.

* NAen(o.rtmeclrJ irt sareg, &r*yr m/or6t


ia hrced rb ccir/ t{e fr"/rV (
cotavvr
corzw,(tkstareous/y.
r h A6I rrotfu,ptb de,rr/"p"/ aczos / A<.
hT? *ri{cA anr(GTo fr/ /ang.d
S WLi. Ctrcri! B>eo,kez(ScB)
tt breq,ltt o-{ou/ted ciacurl znactr
/.srb /A
a mechanica(clrcoitbreaker.

GztoS

x GroE- tre nwtrtq/ <)wn(


<arr/./are/ener
'Tranekz
Swi{cAha;
tr Pro/"c{s /1" loodt (** /nfrmup{rons
fi bns,sls ol J M nore Sutifcles.

{ To {>o^s/.o /ood (*, a Fve/un"d


,lerd"o {o ah a(funak /"d.6
'--- - .r
(- ".--

Pala"d
SevV&

Altena{ |( - - ,t" - '!-J i


g a < s r c , ec
u. --l

'trons/"r
(
lr sioh'c swrlcl ( sTs) ?*k,

the sensih've/oadby frdQ! /nnt&*rrg


f( (r*r, hu/$ /."der h//e la /tt7
f,eed"r-
* t4echan,'*./T>ansrQrSpft+l (rVf, Aas

been Used ha nuan/lear; A /aq/ng/t'


&"k'P Powen<
mdvsbto/ /oa/s b^
l( fnfs orrel S/oat
' t ( J v r , t tln
tf swr/c/,
.2W/7Ch/V
ofe6a{tbns
ail &n Caufr
fowea m{erpu*ans o{s,aol
t
cycrcs
* Typira( Taans{er
r v h,*r, CQ_tn_Ve
rrzt(S cen
&u,
a6ovt /ao nc(-sco
r/s upb appzrnakfr
Ler,seeqrc/s.

(o- acA
/eve ,4"t
/oad sd/'6cr{rhg /ehreen two
c/rchrJ,ilb
/"rc{as
B<sfc SlnchJv<"o/ fTs.
fucwraBy
9owe SHic ttot e'/eq srs'z
ff'fli l-

rY0 Isola4roq
-2Vs

><t\t/./Cn

x Consistl oI

) A bad c^tlrcI is Sosrltr"- b VcWbrtut*(


uh[dl supy'y.

)T*o in/ependezzt s^oce or o/ as/rtl

Pezkorer( one on / qiler /s alremaAou<


, Tuo /tryrrs/- /ack arnd ailri,{ connan;
ha{ {o /I. ?owe6 .%ltrces.
A coqttntbdf, b
tr Tnolnib vo/rbne-
/uat/r o( M/ sbrres
* de/ec/ uolkge f/ur/uo*an
i, il- <v.,L*,
/r Cnnpaae -/an Socffces.

r peobryyna /ood h*r,tfu ,%* one sddrc<


b oltrowlen needa6rbe
Bypassg*rktr qo=.ofleaa#e a.-s ghn/aad

MfS u/en 5A 6 we>/oaded06 ocll o(


gezrnte b ?ne/nbarrce,

f Tso/Jrnl(J -9ar'(clee a//ou 6rc sTrs/em


L" b. /so/o{ed (^* lr:tbrbo{an sdem,
* (or/^l /o6r, b4aeason/y r{yar6* al //<
prr/ooe/ feq{ra cr%/eonor*( cond(tons,
rt{ ;( deL""* To/*aXe//urrtbr, coqtb"/
lSic cntr// /rans/es //e /oa( h /tre a/Aayw
gouvce/'( if rs )h ^ klkv condt(rott{Aan
prufrraed souvc.
rr sloud 6e /on as &rf e.spos*ZA

)( arlieved of Oemowq
/ l

sz)ne
s4rzet6*
if fl "#U {/"

tAyrrbtbs pr{"r"ed /e.dr> en(en*ql


/ '
"/ t

ilynsAus o( a/feano/. /."oGs.


'* !2 case .f
b&1, trecqre'f,Aadk
/nn4e
back 6 {le pr"/rad
souX,e
L etrn
peneq{*,t tyr ccrsrbn
pa we6 {errrces
U) Dyro.>n/c
l/ohtgensQa<6 ( Ovg)
- sa/es
conraec/ed6nrea/ey
*f &r*q
@ DBb,lolronSrfl?erl (p sr*rcot4)
* ghun{
Conqreda( conp<rr(a decir<
*f.
a) U PQ C
\ 5"rrn3
Slu*t dunrbe.
Furr/fon t-

-
D sTAlcoN , ehoo(@nneded
- \ A F -
de(/'ce(rr"{
csn .perak lA 2 mo/es.

r( Cur*/ (nn/*/ rnode


: ac/ e.sfrwer frao
hrrecrtr, /oo{ bo/ancar,ecrt?e{r'/kr efr.
TAex. /^crtors aE knoarn as /oac/couft)r
- r'oT?.

x VoH"6econ/*t ntode.' caz z./r/ofe

A,rsvo/faXeafaiqls/ arf lrsfu/rbas,


n^J/ Swet , on /"/ance ayLdslort duo*d
in4ar6up/rbns,
p-f8 Sdes cornp<nsa{r.6dev/c.
?r-trsedf* pzo/er*?, t/u se-n-<irt7e
/Md
{*^ Ghy Sctpp/r sft{e drbriahDce 1,'[o Src
6 well e/c.

V?Q A : c^ch ginu //aneor.s, pqr462n


/ c

tA" /"sb o( DsrnTbfrf and DvR


LTfrhE RE,TOR
DYNATI/ C VO
CPVR)
x connec'*J /qt ser/es ^)//t /".&re.

* powev e[ec/uwr?s c6nve*4a b"sd &*e

ffr{tqv
nas/ &onomic and a#ec//nu mens tor
,

tunpov/AB/tre ro/{a6ete/akd Frrea "...


t-/ t l

tueury ?zob/ems.
sers/ire /*/s /^, &r"lua*

d'bfi'l*'
ov/<-5e:,Sgg,Sarc/(Socrcerotfur7e-

4 ti;jgty ,.a,dok h. a/
vo/26g. /"^d lcrs,
Tyycal ScAeyle{rZ >y^,

I
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nf (onhec/ed /q se>ie u/// db&z6u/ro, /ro,e_
4t ou6l o.vt /nJedron /nyt"A6T2?en

* h. nretTQr ov/puf 4re /rrkr"/.

^"tvu""{sa se( o( 3/ arfpu/


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'es
Sear^ and sync/zon/s7r) ar/Yl derb./.r*bn

/e"der.
* o c+u/ vo/rb6e hnve-.s/apes qe7enao{e
Ly Pwm .say'kFr*rg k/ene.
Crc,*t\ pnhcipte4 Dt/n,
DBbboiln Buastkrf4"r,fuvrsr
3."d

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>ovzce
I vH-
,(' ,"j < c/ed gezles rol,bXe -
Desized rorlhge
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