1

SMK TUN ABDUL RAZAK

ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS FORM 4

Teaching and Learning Module

Prepared by Tan Sze Haun

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Important Formulae
The following formulae may be helpful in answering the questions. The symbols given are the ones commonly used.

Algabra Statistics Trigonometry

x fx 1. Arc length, s = r
1. x =
b b 2 4ac 1. x= 2. x =
2a N f 1 2
2. Area of sector, A = r
2
2. a a = a m + n
m n
( x x) x 2 2
3. = = x 3. sin 2 A + cos2 A = 1
m n mn N N
3. a a = a
4. sec2 A = 1 + tan2 A
f ( x x) fx2 x 2
4. (a m )n = a mn 4. =
f
=
f 5. cosec2 A = 1 + cot2 A
5. log a mn = log a m + log a n 1NF 6. sin 2A = 2 sin A cos A
5. m = L + 2 c
m fm 7. cos 2A = cos2 A sin 2 A
6. log a = log a m log a n
n = 2 cos2 A 1
Q Wi I i = 1 2 sin 2 A
7. log a m n = n log a m 6. I = 1 100 7. I=
Q0 Wi
8. sin (A B)
log c b n n!
8. log a b = 8. pr = = sin A cos B cos A sin B
log c a (n r )!
9. Tn = a + (n 1)d 9. cos (A B)
n!
9. n
Cr = = cos A cos B sin A sin B
n (n r )! r!
10. S n = [2 a + (n 1) d ] tan A tan B
2 10. p(AB) = P(A)+ P(B) P(AB) 10. tan( A B) =
n 1 1 tan A tan B
11. T n = ar P( X = r) = nCr Pr qnr , p + q =1
11.
a (r n 1) a (1 r n ) 2 tan A
12. sn = = ,r 1 12. = np 13 = npq 11. tan 2 A =
r 1 1 r 1 tan 2 A
X a b c
14. Z = 12. = =
sin A sin B sin C
a
13. S = r <1 13. a2 = b2 + c2 2 bc cos A
1 r,
14. Area of triangle = 1 ab sin C
2

Calculus Geometry
1. y = uv, dy = u dv + v du 1. Dista nce = (x1 x2 )2 + ( y1 y 2 )2
dx dx dx
v
du
u
dv 2. Midpoint (x, y) = x1 + x 2 , y1 + y 2
u dy 2 2
2. y = , = dx 2 dx
v dx v 3. A point divid ing a segment of a line
dy dy du
3. = nx + mx2 ny1 + my 2
dx du dx (x, y ) = 1 ,
4. Area under a curve m+n m+n
= ba y dx or = ba x dy 4. Area of triangle =
5. Volume of revolution 1
2
(x1 y2 + x2 y3 + x3 y1 ) (x2 y1 + x3 y2 + x1 y3 )
= ba y 2 dx or = ba x 2 dy xi + y j
5. |r| = x2 + y2 6. r =

x2 + y2
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Functions relations

Relations association between 2 sets

Representing by using 3 method arrow diagram, set of ordered pairs, Cartesian graph
Important properties domain, co domain, range, objects, images.
Four types of relations one to one, one to ma ny, ma ny to one , ma ny to ma ny

1. Given set P = {2, 3, 5} and set Q = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10}. The relation from Q to set P is "is prime factor of".
Represent the above relation by using
a) an arrow diagram,
b) a set of ordered pairs,
c) a Cartesian graph,

2. Given set P = {20, 21, 30, 31} and set Q = {1, 2, 3}. The relation from P to set Q is "sum of digits is".
Represent the above relation by using
a) an arrow diagram,
b) a set of ordered pairs,
c) a Cartesian graph,

3. From the following arrow diagram. State

a) the set of domain

b) the set of co-domain

c) the image for b

d) the object for 3

e) the set of range

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4. From the following set of ordered pairs. {(1, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (3, 4), (4, 5)}. State
a) the set of domain

b) the set of co-domain

c) the image for 2

d) the object for 4

e) the set of range

5. From the following Cartesian graph. State

a) the set of domain

b) the set of co-domain

c) he image for b

d) the object for 3

e) the set of range

8. State the type of relations for the followings.

a) b) c)

d) e) f)

Functions Functions

Function is the special relation where every object has only one image
1 State whether each of the followings relation is a function or not
a) b) c) d)
Set M Set N Set M Set N Set M Set N Set M Set N

1 1
A A
2 2
B B
3 3
C C
4 4
1 1
A A
2 2
B B
3 3
C C
4 4
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2 Write the function below by using
(a) words.
(b) functions notation.

3 Given that f : x 4x 1 4 Given that f: x 5 2x.

(a) Find the images of 3. (d) Find the object that is mapped onto itself.
(b) Find the values of f(4). (e) Find the values of k for which f(2k) = f( 12k).
(c) Object that has the images of 7.

5 5 6 The arrow diagram beside shows the function of

Given f(x) = and f(2) = 5. find the
x+b 12
f : x . Find the values of a and b.
value of b. x +b
12
x
x +b
1 4
a 3
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7 Given g(x) = |2x 5|, find 8 Given g(x) = |2x + 5|, sketch the graph g(x) for 4 x 1.
(a) the image of 4 and 2.
x 4 3 2 1 0 1
(b) the value of the objects for the image 7.
y 0

Functions composite functions

1 Given that f: x 3x + 1 and g: x 2x 1, Find

(a) fg (b) gf (c) f 2

2 2
Given that f: x 4x 3, h: x x2 x and g: x , Find
x
(a) gf (b) fg (c) hf

3. 3
Given that f: x , Find
x
(a) f 2 (b) f 3 (c) f 4 (d) f 10 (e) f 21
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5. Given that f: x 3x + 1 g: x 2x 1 and h: x x2 1. Find

(a) fg(2) (b) fh(2) (c) g2(4)

8. Given that f: x 4x + 1 and g: x x2, Find

(a) the image of 3 under gf.
(b) the values of x for which fg(x) = 17.

9. Given that f: x 2x + 1 and g: x

2x + 3
, Find
5 x
a) the image of 3 under fg.
b) the value of x for which gf(x) = 11.

5 Given f(x) = 2x + 6, g(x) = 3x 1. Find the value of x for which 2fg = gf.

6 Given f(x) = ax + b and f 2(x) = 4x 15. Find the values of a and b.

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7 Given f(x) = 2x + 5, g(x) = x2 3 and gf(x) = ax 2 + bx + c. Find the values of a, b and c.

8 Given f(x) = 2x + b, g(x) = ax 2 + 1 and fg(x) = 4x 2 + 5. Find the values of a and b.

9 Given f(x) = ax + 2, g(x) = bx + 3. Find the relationship between a and b if fg(x) = gf(x).

14. Find the function g, given that

(a) f(x) = 3x + 4 and fg(x) = 6x 8. (b) f(x) = 4x + 3 and fg(x) = 2x 7.

1 (d) f(x) = x2 + 4 and fg(x) = x + 4x + 8.

(c) f(x) = x + 3 and fg(x) = 3x 2 x.
4
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15.
Find the function g, given that
a) f(x) = 2x + 7 and gf(x) = 6x + 20. 1
b) f(x) = x 2 and gf(x) = .
11 3x

c) f(x) = x + 2 and gf(x) = x2 + 4x + 7. d) f(x) = 2x + 3 and gf(x) = 4x 2 + 10x + 8.

Functions inverse functions

1 Given f(x) = 5x + 2, find the values of f 1(7) by using inverse mapping.

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2
Find the inverse functions (f 1) for each of the followings function.
(a) f: x 2x + 7 x
(b) f: x 3
4

(c) f: x 4x 1 x
(d) f: x +4
3

(e) f: x 2 3x x
(f) f: x 5
2

x+3 (h) f: x x
(g) f: x 3x + 2
4

3x 3x + 7
(i) f: x (j) f: x
2 x
x2
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3
Given that f(x) = 2x 5, find the value of
(a) f(4) (b) f 1(3) (c) ff 1(3)

(d) f 1f(4)

4 3x
Given that g(x) = . Find the value of k for which g 1(k) = 2.
2x + 5

5 7
Given that g(x) = 2x + u and g 1(x) = wx . Find the value of u and w.
2

6 Given that g(x) = nx + m and g 1(x) = x

2 . Find the value of n and m.
3
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Quadratic Equations General Form and Roots of Quadratic Equations

General Form: ax2 + bx + c = 0, a, b and c are constants

a, b and c are integers.
a is positive

1. Rewrite the following equations in general Form and state the value of a, b and c.
(a) x(2x + 3) = 5x + 4 (e) x(x + 3) = 6 2x

(b) x2 = 16 (f) 4x x 2 = 0

(d) (2x + 5)2 = 0 3

(g) 2 = 5x
x

2. Determine whether 1 and 6 are the roots for 3. Determine whether 2 and 6 are the roots for
quadratic equation x 2 + x 6 = 0. quadratic equation x 2 + 4x = 12.

1 5. If m and 3 are the roots of the quadratic equation

4. Find the value of k if is one of the roots of the
2 x 2 + nx 15 = 0. Find the value of m and n.
quadratic equation kx 2 3x + 1 = 0.
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6. Solve the following quadratic equations by factorization.
a) x 2 + 6x + 8 = 0 b) x 2 + 7x + 12 = 0

c) x 2 7x + 10 = 0 d) x 2 17x + 42 = 0

e) x 2 + 2x 8 = 0 f) x 2 + 29x 62 = 0

g) x 2 4x 12 = 0 h) x 2 4x 21 = 0

i) 12x 2 x 1 = 0 j) 6x 2 + 5x + 1 = 0
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k) 5x 2 17x + 6 = 0 l) 2x 2 + 11x + 15 = 0

m) 2x 2 + 7x 15 = 0 n) 9x 2 6x 35 = 0

o) x 2 8(x + 3) 10 = 2x + 5 p) 2 + 9p 2p2 = 4(1 + p)

q) (2p 1)(p + 2) = 3 r) (3p + 5)2 = 10 18p

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7. b b2 4ac
Solve the following quadratic equations by using formula. x =
2a
a) a) 2x 2 + 3x 3 = 0 b) 3x 2 + x 9 = 0 c) 5x 2 8x + 2 = 0

d) (2x 1)(3x + 2) = 5 e) (3x + 2)2 = x + 2

Quadratic Equations Forming of Quadratic Function

x 2 (SOR)x + POR = 0
1. If and are the roots of the following quadratic equations. Find the sum and product of the roots of the
following quadratic equations.
a) x 2 5x + 3 = 0 b) x 2 + 6x 4 = 0

c) 2x 2 + 5x + 8 = 0 c) 3x 2 6x + 2 = 0

5. Form the quadratic equation whose roots are shown below

a) 5 and 2. b) 4 and 3
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c) 1
and
2 c) 5
and
1
2 3 6 2

9. If a and b are the roots of the quadratic equation 4x 2 8x 1 = 0, find the whose roots are
a) 2a and 2b b) 2 + a and 2 + b

c) a
and
b d) 3
and
3
2 2 a b

5. One of the roots of quadratic equation 2x 2 + kx + 32 = 0 is three times the other. Find the values of k.
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6. One of the roots of quadratic equation 3x 2 + x + k = 0 is reciprocal of the other. Find the values of k.

7. Given the roots of the quadratic equation x 2 (k + 3)x + 2k + 2 = 0 are differ by 2. Find the possible values
of k.

Quadratic Equations Type of roots and discriminant

Type of roots Value of discriminant (b 2 4ac)
Equal roots =0
Real roots 0
Distinct roots >0
No roots <0
1. Determine the type of the roots of the following equations.
4x 2 12x + 9 = 0 x 2 9x + 14 = 0 x 2 3x + 16 = 0

2. Find the range of values of k if 3. Find the values of k if (4k + 1)x2 4. Given that 2kx2 + 3px + 1 = 0
2x 2 + k = 7x has no roots. + 2x = 5 has two distinct roots. has two equal roots, find the
relationship between k and p.
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Quadratic Functions: Shapes and position of graph

For f(x) = ax 2 + bx + c, if a positive minimum, if a negative maximum

1. Identif y the shapes of the following quadratic functions

a) f(x) = 3x 2 + x + 4 b) f(x) = 5 + x x2

Intersectiions Value of discriminant (b 2 4ac)

Touch x-axis =0
Cuts at two points >0
No intersections <0

2. Determine the type of the roots of the following quadratic equations f(x) = 0 and sketch the position of the
graph f(x) relative to the x-axis.

a) f(x) = x 2 x 4 b) f(x) = 1 2x x2

c) f(x) = x 2 + x + 3 d) f(x) = 6x 9 x2

3. Find the values of the k or the range of values of k for which the quadratic functions.
a) f(x) = kx 2 + 2x 6 intersect the x-axis at two different points.

b) f(x) = 3x 2 (k + 4)x + 3 touches the x-axis.

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c) f(x) = 2x 2 x + 3k does not intersect the x-axis.

Quadratic Functions: Maximum/minimum value and sketching of the graph

For f(x) = a(x + p) 2 + q

Maximum/minimum value = q, corresponding x = p
if a positive minimum, if a negative maximum
Maximum/minimum point = (p, q)
y-intercept = use c from general form or x = 0
x-intercept = solve the quadratic equations

b 2 b
If f(x) = x 2 + bx + c = 0, then f(x) = (x + ) ( )2 + c
2 2

For each of the following functions.

(a) Find the maximum value.
(b) Find the corresponding value of x.
(c) Find the maximum or minimum point.
(d) Sketch the graph.

a) f(x) = (x 3)2 + 5 b) f(x) = 2(x 2)2 3

c) f(x) = (x + 2) 2 2 d) f(x) = 6 (x + 3)2

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e) f(x) = x2 4x + 3 f) f(x) = x2 + 5x + 2

g) f(x) = x 2 3x 2 h) f(x) = 6 + 8x x 2
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i) f(x) = 2x 2 + 8x + 3 j) f(x) = 2x 2 12x 5

k) f(x) = 3x 2 + 6x 12 l) f(x) = 10 + 8x 3x 2
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Quadratic Functions: Problems involving maximum/minimum value and graph of quadratic functions

1. Given that f(x) = 6 + 3x x 2 = p(x + q) 2 + r for all values of x, find

a) the values of the constant p, q and r.
b) the coordinates of the maximum point.

2. Given that the maximum value of f(x) = x2 + 3x + k is 5, find the value of k.

3. Given that the function f(x) = a bx 4x 2 has a maximum value of 7 when x = 1. Find the values of a and b.

4. Given that y = p + qx x2 = a (x + b)2. Determine

a) b in terms of q,
b) a in terms of p and q.
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1 For each of the curves below, express its equation in the form of f(x) = a(x + p) 2 +q
a) b)

c) d)

2 For each of the following curves, find the values of the unknowns.
a) b)
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c) d)

3 The diagram shows the graph of f(x) = ax 2 + bx + c.

Find the values of a, b and c.

4 The diagram shows the graph of f(x) = a(x + b)2 + c and (2,
8) is the minimum point.
a) Find the values of a, b and c.
b) The equations that will be formed if the graph shown is
reflected in the x-axis
c) The equations that will be formed if the graph shown is
reflected in the y-axis
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Quadratic Functions: Quadratic inequalities

For f(x) = ax2 + bx + c, a is positive

if f(x) > 0, then x < a, x > b if f(x) < 0, then a < x < b

1. Given that f(x) = x 2 + x 20, find the range of values of x for

a) f(x) > 0 b) f(x) < 0

2. Given that f(x) = x 2 + x 20, find the range of values of x for

a) f(x) 0 c) f(x) 0

3. Find the range of values of x for which

(a) 2x 2 > 8 (b) (2x 1)(x 4) < 15

(c) 5x 2x2 3 (d) |x| > 2

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Quadratic Functions: Problem involving quadratic inequalities

Type of roots Value of b2 4ac

Real roots 0
Distinct roots, cuts/intersects at two points, >0
No roots, does not meet/intersect,
<0
always positive/negative(for coeficient),

1. Find the range of values of m if f(x) = x2 (m + 4)x 2. Find the range of values of m if f(x) = x2 4mx +
+ 9 cuts the x-axis at two points. 3m + 1 does not meet the x-axis.

3. Find the range of values of m if the straight line y = 4. Find the range of values of m if the straight line y =
mx + 8 cuts the curve y = x2 3x + (5 m) at two 5x + m does not meet the curve y = mx 2 3x + 6.
distinct point.

5. Find the range of values of m for which f(x) = mx 2 6. Find the range of values of x for which f(x) = x 2 +
+ 6x + 10 m is always positive. 6x 16 is always positive.

7. Find the range of values of p if (4 p)x 2 + 4px + 8 8. Find the range of values of p if (2 3p)x 2 + 5x 2p
= 0 does not have real roots. 1 = 0 has two real and distinct roots.
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Express x or y as the subject

Substitution

Expanding the equation

Simplification to form quadratic equations

Solve the first unknown by factorization or using formula

Solve the second unknown by substitution

Simultaneous Equations

Solve the following simultaneous equations.

1. xy=1
x2 + y2 = 5

2. 2x + y = x 2 + x y = 2.
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3. x2 y+ y2 = 2x + 2y = 6.

4. x 2
+ =3
3 y
x + 6y = 18

5. 2x + 3y + 2 = 0,
x 2 + 6 xy + 8 = 0.
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6. xy=2
x 2 + xy + y 2 = 6
Give your answer in three decimal places.

7. 2x + 5y = 3
3x 2 + 2x + xy = 9
Give your answer in three decimal places.

8. 2x + 3y = 14
6y x
=2
x y
Give your answer in three decimal places.
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Indices and Logarithms : low of indices
m n m +n n
a a = a a m a n = a m n (a )m
= amn

1. Simplify the following

a) 24n 25n 23n b) 32n 33n 37n c) 9(27 x)2

d) (mn 2)2 (m 3n 4)3 e) (m3n) 5 (m 2n 3)2 12

5n n
f) 92
9

4 1 1
33n +5 1

g)
35n 3n 4
h) (m n )
4 2
m2 n 2

(
i) m4 n2 ) 2 (m6 n9 )3

2. Show that

81 x 16 125
a) 3 4x 1 = b) 2 4 x = c) 53 2x =
3 2x 25 x
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3. Show that 3x + 3
+ 3x + 1 is divisible by 10 for all 4. Show that 5x + 3
+ 5x + 1
+ 2(5 x) is divisible by 12 for
positive integers of x. all positive integers of x.

Indices and Logarithms : Logarithms

If x = an, then log a x = log a an = n

1. Find the value of the following

a. log2 22 b. log2 23 c. log 5 5 d. log7 7

e. 1 f. 1 g. log 8 8 h. log5 1
log2 log10
8 10

i. log2 32 j. log3 243 k. log 27 3 l. log5 3 25

Indices and Logarithms : low of logarithms

m
loga m n = loga m + loga n loga = loga m loga n loga mn = nlog a m
n

1. Given that log2 3 = 1.585 and log 2 5 = 2.322, find the value of the following.
a) log 2 15 b) log 2 30 c) log 2 75
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d) log 2 54 e) log 2 0.6 f) log 2 0.9

2. Given that log3 2 = p and log 3 5 = q, express each of the followings in terms of p and/or q.
a) log3 20 b) log3 90 1
c) log3 2
2

d) log3 0.12 e) log3 0.16 f) log3 0.36

3. Express as a single logarithm.

a) 1 + 2 log3 x + log 3 y b) 2 + log2 a log 2 b

logc b
Indices and Logarithms : Changing the base of logarithms loga b =
logc a

1. Simplify

a) loga b logb an b) loga ab logb a log a b2

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2. Given that log7 5 = 0.827 and log7 11 = 1.232 . Find the value of

a) log5 11 b) log11 5 c) log5 7

d) log11 7 e) log11 35 f) log5 77

g) log11 9.8 h) log5 2.2

3. Given log a 3 = p , express in term of p.

a) log3 a 2 b) log3 9a c) log9 a

4. Given p = log10 2 and q = log 10 3 , express in term of p and/or q.

a) log2 30 b) log3 20 c) log3 6 d) log2 27

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Indices and Logarithms : Indicial equations

1. Solve the following by comparison of indices or bases.

1 b) (2x )2 2x 1 = 32
a) 81 +x =
16

C) 16 x 2 =
1 d) 3x+2 = 32 + 3x
8x

e) 2x +3 = 80 + 3(2x ) f) 32 x + 3 x 3 x+ 2 32 = 0

f) x5 = 243 2 3
g) x 3 = 16 h) (x + 1) 2 = 27
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2. Solve the following by using log 10.

a) 3x = 2 b) 4 2x1 = 40

c) 4 2 x 1 = 11x d) 2x 3x = 40

e) 4 3 x + 3 x = 270 f) 3x + 2 + 3 x = 100

Indices and Logarithms : Logarithmic equations

Solve the following equations

a) log3 3x = 2log3 6 b) 2 log3 5 + log3 2x = log3 (x + 7)

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c) log5 3x + 1 = 3 d) 3 + log2 (x + 2) = log2 (3x + 11)

e) log2 (x 2) + log2 x = 3 f) log2 (3t 1) + log2 t = 2

g) log3 (2x + 5) log3 (x 1) = 2 h) log a

64 log a
2=5

i) log4 x = log16 (3x + 10) j) log25 5y log5 y = 2

 37

9 l) log3 x = logx 81
k) log2 x =
log2 x

8 1
m) logx 2 log2 x = n) log9 [log3 (4x 5)] =
logx 2 2
 38

2 2
Coordinate Geometry: Distance between two points = ( x1 x 2 ) + ( y1 y 2)

1. Find the distance between Point A (2, 7) and Point 2. Find the distance between Point P (3, 7) and
B (3, 5). Point Q (4, 5).

3. Find the values of p, if the distance between P (5, p) 4. Given that the distance between (a, b) and (2, 7) is
and Q (3, 6) is 2 5 . 5. Find the relationship between a and b.

x + x 2 y1 + y 2
Coordinate Geometry: Midpoint = 1 ,
2 2

1. Find the midpoint of line segment 2. Given that M (5, 1) is the midpoint of A (p, 8) and B (6, q). Find
AB, given A (5, 4) and B (13, 10). the values of p and q.

3. PQRS is a parallelogram. Find the coordinates of points S.

 39

nx1 + mx 2 ny1 + my 2
Coordinate Geometry: Division of a line segment in the ratio m : n = m+n , m+n

1. Find the coordinates of the point Q which 2. The point B(2, 3) divides the line segment AC internally in
divides PR internally in the ratio 6 : 5, the ratio 2 : 3. If C is (10, 13), find the point A.
where P and R are the points P (5, 10) and
R (6, 23) respectively.

3. The point J(1, 14), K(2, 8) and L(9, w) are on a straight line. K divides JL internally in the ratio m : n. Find
(a) m : n,
(b) the value of w.

Coordinate Geometry: Area of Polygon = 1

2 ( x1y 2 + x 2y 3 + x 3y1 ) ( x 2y1 + x 3y 2 + x 1y 3 )
1. Find the area of the triangle ABC with the vertices A (1, 7), B (3, 8) and C (8, 5).

2. Find the area of quadrilateral whose vertices are A (1, 2), B (6, 4), C (5, 7) and D (3, 5).
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3. The coordinates of the vertices of triangle ABC are A (2, 0), B (7, 2) and C (m, 9). Find the possible values of
m, given that the area of triangle ABC is 24.5 unit 2.

4. The area of the quadrilaterals whose vertices are P (1, 2), Q (5, 4), R (7, 6) and S (4, m) is 11 unit 2. Find the
possible values of m.

5. Find the value of p, if A (2, p), B (1, 5) and C (6, 10) are collinear.

6. ABC is a triangle and BD is perpendicular to AC. Find

a) the area of triangle ABC
b) the length of BD

7. PQRS is a parallelogram. Find

(a) the values of u and v,
(b) the area of PQRS.
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y2 y1
Coordinate Geometry: Gradient and intercept, m =
x2 x1

1. Find the gradient of the straight line passing through each of the following pairs of points.
(a) (1, 5) and (4, 5). (b) (6, 5) and (3, 1).

2. Find the y-intercept, x-intercept and gradient of the straight line in the diagrams below.
a) b)

3. Given that the gradient of a straight line that passes through (0, 3) is 2. Find the x-intercept.

4. Given that the gradient of a straight line that passes through (2, 0) is 3. Find the y-intercept.

Coordinate Geometry: Forming of Equation of Straight Line y y 1 = m(x x1 )

Find the equations of the straight line in each following case.

(a) Has gradient 2 (b) Passes through (8, 9) and (6, (c) Has the x-intercept 4 and
3 and passes 5) y-intercept 8
through (4, 7).
 42
Coordinate Geometry: Gradient Form (y = mx + c)

Express the following equations in gradient form. Then state the gradient and the y-intercept in each case.
(a) 6x + 2y = 7 (b) 2x + 3y + 9 = 0 x y
c) + =1
3 2

x y
Coordinate Geometry: Intercept form + = 1
a b

Express the following equations in intercept form. Then state the intercept on the axes and the gradient in each
case.
a) x + 4y 8 = 0 b) 2x 3y + 6 = 0 1
c) y = x +5
2

Coordinate Geometry: General Form (ax + by + c = 0)

Transform the following equations into the general form.

3 x y 2
(a) y = x1 (b) + =8 (c) y = x+2
2 2 3 3
 43
Coordinate Geometry: Intersection point

1. Find the coordinates of the point of intersection of the straight line 2y x = 10 and the straight line y 5x +
13 = 0.

2. The straight line PQ has a gradient 3 and passes through the point Q(3, 6). The straight line RS passes
through the points R(3, 2) and S(0, 1). Find the intersection point of the straight lines PQ and RS.

Coordinate Geometry: Parallel Lines [m1 = m2] and Perpendicular Lines [(m 1)(m 2) = 1]

1. Show that 2x 3y = 6 and 6y = 4x + 5 are parallel.

2. Find the equation of the straight line passes through (8, 1) and parallel to the line 2y = x + 6.
 44
3. Points A (0, 5), B (6, 8), C (8, 4) and D are the vertices of a parallelogram. Find the equation of the side CD.

4. Show that y 2x + 6 = 0 and 4x = 2y + 9 are perpendicular.

5. Find the equation of the straight line perpendicular to the straight line 2x + 3y 12 = 0 and passes through (1,
6).

6. Points A (3, 12), B, C (1, 2) and D are the vertices of a Rhombus. Find the equation of the diagonal BD.

7. Find the value of h, if y = 5 3x and hx + 2y = 6 are

a) parallel b) perpendicular
 45
8. Find the equation of the perpendicular bisector of the line segment joining the points K(3,4) and L(5,8).

9. Given A (0, 5), B (3, 0) and C (h, 3) are three vertices of a square ABCD. Fin
a. the value of h,
b. the equation of CD,
c. the equation of AD.

Coordinate Geometry: Equation of Locus

1. Find the equation of the locus of the moving point P if P is 4 units from Q (1, 3).

2. A point P moves such that its distance from A (0, 2) and B (4, 3) are in the ration 2 : 3. Find the equation of
the locus of P.
 46
3. A point Q moves such that its distance from C (2, 2) and B (4, 1) are in the ration 4 : 3. Find the equation of
the locus of Q. Hence, find the intersection point between locus of Q and the x-axis.

4. A point P moves such that its distance from the point C (5, 1) is twice its distance from the origin. Determine
whether the locus of P intersect the y-axis or not.

5. Given A (2, 2) and B (4, 8). A point Q moves such that AQB = 90. (If the points A (2, 2), B (4, 8) and Q(x, y)
lie on the circumference of a circle with diameter AB.) Find the equation of the locus of Q.
 47

x fx
Statistics: Mean x= x=
N f

1. Find the mean of the data: 15, 11, 7, 8, 10, 7, 9

2. The mean of a set of seven numbers 2, x, x + 1, 2x, 6, 7 and 9 is 7. Find the value of x.

3. The mean of a, b and c is 8 and the mean of d, e, f and g is 5. Find the mean of a, b, c, d, e, f and g.

4. The mean of a, b, c, d and e is 5 and the mean of a, b and c is 6. Find the mean of d and e.

5. Find the mean of the following data

Score 1 3 4 5
Number of students 5 2 4 3

6. Find the mean of the following data

Class 1 10 11 20 21 30 31 40
Frequency 3 4 6 7

6. Find the minimum value of P if the mean is less than 2.

Score 1 2 4 3
Number of students P 6 2 3
 48
Statistics: Mode value occurs most often

1. Find the mode of the following data

4, 5, 3, 4, 5, 4, 2 3, 4, 6, 8, 2, 5 4, 3, 4, 5, 6, 5, 2, 7, 6

2. State the mode

Score 2 4 6 8
Frequency 4 5 3 6

3. For the following data

Marks 21 30 31 40 41 50 51 60 61 70 71 80
Number of students 5 8 12 16 9 4
(a) State the modal class.

(b) Estimate the mode using histogram.

L U L U L U L U L U L U
boundary
20.5 30.5 30.5 40.5
frequency 5 8 12 16 9 4

Statistics: Median centre value,

1. Find the median of the following data

3. 5. 8. 1. 4. 7 3, 4, 6, 8, 2, 5 4, 3, 4, 5, 6, 5, 2, 7

2. Find the median

Score 1 2 3 4 5
Frequency 3 5 6 4 2

3. Find the range of the maximum value of p, if the median is 2.

Score 1 2 3 4 4
Frequency 5 6 p 4 3
 49
4. If the median of numbers 7, 2, 3, x, 6 and 4 is 4.5. Find the value of x

5. Estimate the median using ogive for the following data.

Marks 21 30 31 40 41 50 51 60 61 70 71 80
Number of students 3 7 12 16 8 4

11 20 21 30 31 40 41 50 51 60 61 70 71 80
Upper boundary 20.5 30.5 40.5
Cumulative frequency 0 3 10 22

5.
1 N F
Calculate the median of the following data m= L+ 2 c
fm
(a) Marks 11 20 21 30 31 40 41 50 51 60 61 70
Frequency 3 7 10 6 4 6

1
2 N=
F
fm =
L=
c=
(b) Marks 11 15 16 20 21 25 26 30 35 40 45 50 51- 55
Frequency 3 5 4 6 10 6 6

1
2 N=
F
fm =
L=
c=
(c) Time 21 25 26 30 31 35 36 40 41 45 46 50
Frequency 1 3 5 7 10 8

1
2
N=
F
fm =
L=
c=
50
51
 52
Statistics: Range and Interquatile Range

1. Calculate the range and the interquartile range for the following data.
2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 12 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 12, 13, 15

2. Calculate the range and the interquartile range for the following data.
Marks 1 3 5 7 8
Frequency 2 2 3 4 5

3. Calculate the range and the interquartile range for the following data.
Score 15 6 10 11 15 16 20 21 25
Frequency 6 4 2 5 3

4. Find the interquartile range using ogive.

Marks 21 30 31 40 41 50 51 60 61 70 71 80
Frequency 2 5 10 12 15 11

11 20 21 30 31 40 41 50 51 60 61 70 71 80
Upper boundary
Cumulative frequency 0
53
 54
Statistics: Variance and Standard Deviation
2 2

=
(x x) = x 2
x and =
f(x x) = fx x
2

N N f f
1. Find the Variance and Standard Deviation for following data 4.5, 6.4, 4.3, 5.6, 6.2, 5.3, 4.9.

2. Find the Variance and Standard Deviation for following data

Marks 5 6 7 8 9
Frequency 3 2 4 7 6

3. Find the Variance and Standard Deviation for following data

Marks 15 6 10 11 15 16 20
Frequency 3 5 4 2

3
4. Given that the mean and the standard deviation of a set of data x, 3, 2 and y are 3 and respectively.
2
(a) Show that x + y = 7.
(b) Find the value of x and y.

5. A set of 12 numbers has mean of 8 and standard deviation of 2. When the number 6 is added to the set of
numbers, find the new variance and standard deviation of that 13 numbers.
 55
2
6. Given that the values of x and x of eight numbers are 55 and 455 respectively. Find the mean and the
standard deviation of the eight numbers. If two of the numbers, 4 and 9, are taken away from the eight
numbers, find the new mean and variance.

7. The sum of 15 numbers is 225 and the sum of the square of the 15 numbers is 4260. Find the mean and the
standard deviation of the 15 numbers. If the number 25 is added to the 15 numbers. Find the new mean and
standard deviation.

Statistic: Effect of uniform changes to the data

1. Given a set of numbers 2, 4, 4, 4, 6, 8, 8.

(a) Find the mean, median and mode.
(b) Find the new mean, median and mode if each number in the set is
(i) increased by 3,
(ii) decreased by 2,
(iii) multiplied by 2,
(iv) divided by 2.

1. Given a set of numbers 6, 8, 10, 14, 16.

(a) Find the range, interquartile range, variance and standard deviation.
(b) Find the new range, interquartile range, variance and standard deviation if each number in the set is
(i) increased by 2,
(ii) decreased by 4,
(iii) multiplied by 3,
(iv) divided by 2.
 56
2. Given that the mean and standard deviations of a set of data a, b, c and d are 6 and 3 respectively. Find the
mean, median and mode of the following set of data.
(a) a + 5, b + 5, c + 5 and d + 5.
(b) a 3, b 3, c 3 and d 3.
(c) 4a, 4b, 4c and 4d.
(d) a3 , b3 , c3 and d3

2. Given that the median, mode and the variance of a set of data are 12, 10 and 36 respectively. Find the
median, mode and the variance for the new set of data if each number in the set is
(a) increased by 4 and then devided by 2,
(b) decreased by 2 and then multiplied by 3,
(c) multiplied by 3 and then divided by 5.

Statistics: The most suitable Measure of Central Tendency

Find the most suitable measure of central tendency for the following data.
(a) 3, 3, 5, 6, 7, 7, 8, 8, 9, 10 b) 4, 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 13, 20 c) 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 7, 8, 9

Statistics: Comparison between Central Tendency and Dispersion

Folowing data show the scores of two participants in a game.

Participant A: 2, 3, 2, 10, 5
Participant B: 3, 4, 6, 6, 3
Find the mean and standard deviation of each participant. Who is more consistent, A or B? Why?
 57

Circular Measure: Radian

1 Convert the following angles to degrees correct to 2 decimal places.

(a) 1 rad. (b) 3 rad. (c) 0.5 rad.

2 Convert the following angles to degrees and minutes.

(a) 2 (b) 2 rad. (c) 4.5 rad.

3 rad.

3 Convert the following angles to radians in terms of .

(a) 60 (b) 150 (c) 240

4 Convert the following angles to radians correct to 3 decimal places.

(a) 320 (b) 5044 (c) 25053'

Circular Measure: Arc Length

1. Complete the following table.

r (cm) (radian) s (cm) s = r

8 0.75
s = the length of arc AB
r = the radius of the sector OAB
= the angles of the sector OAB
2.23 13.2

7 10.5
 58
2. Find the length of the arc PQR. 3. Find the length of the arc PQR.

4. Find the length of the radius. 5. Find the length of the radius.

6. Find the value of in radian. 7. Find the value of in radian.

8. Calculate the perimeter of sector OAB. 9. Calculate the perimeter of sector OAB.
 59
10. Given AOB = 70 and the length of arc AB is 7 cm.
(a) Find the value of the radius of the semicircle.
(b) Find the length of arc BC.

11. The perimeter of region A and region B are in the ratio 10 : 7. Given the length of OP is 8 cm and POQ =
0.5 rad. Calculate the length of OQ.

12. Given POQ = 40, PS = 3 cm, OP = x cm and the length of arc RS is 8.6 cm.
(a) Find the value of x.
(b) Find the perimeter of the shaded region.

Circular Measure: Area of Sector

1. Complete the following table.

A = the area of sector AB
r (cm) (radian) A (cm 2) r = the radius of the sector OAB
8 1.45 = the angles of the sector OAB

A = 12 r 2
2.15 107.5

9 32.4
 60
2. Find the area of the 3. Find the radius of the following 4. Find the value of , in radians,
following sector. sector, given the area is 130.9 given the area of the sector is
cm2 90 cm2.

9 cm
150
1.5 rad

5. Find the area of each of the shaded region. 6. Find the area of each of the shaded region.

7. Find the area of the whole diagram. Given OAB is 8. Find the area of each of the shaded region.
the sector of a circle and OBC is right angled
triangle.
 61
9. Given that the perimeter of the sector OAB is 34 10. Area of sector OPQ is 133.1 cm 2. Find the
cm. Find the area of the sector OAB. perimeter of the sector OPQ.

11. The perimeter of the diagrams is 40 cm. 12. In the diagram, O is the origin, OPQST is a
(a) Find the value of k. semicircle and OQRS is a rhombus.
(b) Find the difference between the area of sector (a) Find QOS, in radians.
QAB and the area of sector OCD. (b) Area of the shaded region.
 62
Differentiation: Limits

Find the following limits

lim(3x + 5) lim(10 x2 ) 4x + 6 1
x 2 x 3 lim lim
x 3 3+x x 0 x

x+2 x+3 1 4
lim lim lim( )x lim
x 0 x2 x 3 3x x 3 x 3+x

4+ x 9 x2 x 2 + 2x 8 x 2 16
lim lim lim lim
x 4x + 1 x 3 3 x x 4 x+4 x 4 x + 4

Differentiation: First principles

dy
Find from the first principles for the following equations.
dx
y = 2x2 + 3x y=
3
x
 63

dy
Differentiation: First Derivative of a Polynomial y = axn , = naxn 1
dx

dy
1. Differentiate the following polynomial functions with respect to x. (Find the )
dx
y = 6x 2 y = 4x 3 1
y = x6
3

y = 4x 5 3x 2 + 5x + 2 y = 2x 5 + 3x 4 4x 3 5x 1 4 2 3 4 2
y= x + x + x
2 3 3

y = 3x 2(x 2 x 7) y = (2x + 5)(3x 2) y = (x + 3)(4x 2 + x)

3 2 1 2 3 4 10x 5 + x 2 x
y= + + y= +5 y=
x x2 x3 x x2 x3 x4
 64

dy dy du
Differentiation: First Derivative of Composite function by using Chain Rule =
dx du dx

dy
Find in each case below.
dx
y = ( 2 x 3) 3 3(1 2 x ) 4 y = ( 4 x 3 + 1) 3

1 3 1
y= y y=
( 4 x 3) 2 ( x 1) 4 3( 6 x 1) 2

dy dv du
Differentiation: First Derivative of a product of two Polynomials y = uv, =u +v
dx dx dx

dy
Find in each case below.
dx
y = 2 x(3 x 1) 3 y = x 3 (1 2 x) 4 y = ( 2 x 3) 3 (1 3x ) 4
 65

du dv
v u
u dy
Differentiation: First Derivative of a Quotient of two Polynomials y = , = dx 2 dx
v dx v

dy
Find in each case below.
dx
5x2 3x
y= y=
2x + 2 ( x + 2) 4

x 2 3x (2 x 1) 3
y= y=
x3 + 2 5x

Differentiation: Equation of tangent and normal to a curve

1. Find the equation of the tangent and normal for the curve y = x 2(2x 3)3 at the point (2, 4).
 66
2x
2. Find the equation of the tangent and normal for the curve y = 2 at the point (3, 1).
x 3

3
3. The straight line 3y + x = k is the tangent to the curve y = at the point P. Find the coordinates of the
x +1
point P and the value of k.

4. The straight line y + 4x = k is the normal to the curve y = (4x 1) 4 at the point A. Find the coordinates of
the point A and the value of k.
 67
Differentiation: Second Derivative

d2 y 2. Given that f(x) = (5x2 + 1)3 , find f ''(x) .

1. Given that y = 5x4 + 3x2 2x , find .
dx 2

Differentiation: Maximum and Minimum Values turning points

Maximum/minimum dy d2 y
maximum from positive to negative Maximum <0
dy dx dx 2
= 0,
dx dy d2 y
minimum from negative to positive Minimum >0
dx dx 2

1. Find the turning points of y = x3 +2x 2 + x + 5 and determine whether it is a maximum or minimum point.
 68
1 3 1 2
2. Given y = x x 2x + 6 , find the coordinates of the turning points and determine the nature of the
3 2
points.

16
3. Find the maximum and minimum points of y = 9x + .
x
 69
7 3
4. The curve y = ax 2 + bx + has a turning point at ( , 1) , find the values of a and b.
2 2

Differentiation: Maximum and Minimum Values

1. Given the volume of a cylinder is 224 cm2.

448
a) Show that the total surface area of the cylinder, A cm, is given by A = 2 r2 + .
r
b) Determine the value of r that makes A has a maximum or minimum value.

2. Given x + y = 8 and F = xy, find the maximum or minimum value of F.

 70

dy dy dx
Differentiation: Rates of Change =
dt dx dt

x3 3
1. Given y = and the rate of change of x is 3 2. Given y = 3x2 + and the rate of change of y is 4
2x + 1 x
unit/s, find the rate of change of y at x = 2. unit/s, find the rate of change of x at x = 3.

3. Given y = (x 2 1)4 and the rate of change of x is 2 16

4. Given y = x + and the rate of change of y is 0.5
unit/s, find the rate of change of y at y = 81. x
unit/s, find the rate of change of x at y = 8.

5. The radius of a sphere is decreasing at the rate of 6. A wire with the length of 60 cm is bent to form a
0.25 cm s1. Find the rate of change of the volume circle. When the wire is heat, the length increase at
when the radius is 8 cm. the rate of 0.1 cm s1. By using = 3.142, find the
rate of change of the radius of the circle.
 71
Differentiation: Small Changes and Approximate values

1 4 2. Given y = 4x 2 + 3x , find the approximate change in

1. Given y = x x 3 + 8 , find the approximate
4 x as y increases from 1 to 1.02.
change in y as x increases from 2 to 2.07.

dy 9 dy
3. Given y = x 4 , find the value of when x = 2. 4. Given y = , find the value of when x = 3.
dx x3 dx
Hence, find the approximate value of 2.005 4 9
Hence, estimate the value of
2.96 3

1 6. Find the approximate change in the volume of a

5. Given y = . Find in terms of p, the sphere when the radius decreases from 4 cm to
(2x + 1)3
3.96 cm.
approximate change
a) in y as x increases from 2 to 2 + p.
b) in x as y decreases from 1 to 1 p.
 72
Solution of triangle: Sine Rule

a b c sin A sin B sin C

= = or = =
sin A sin B sin C a b c

1. Find the value of x and y in the following triangle 2. Find the value of , and the length of BC in the
following triangle

3. Given that B is an obtuse angle. Find 4. Given that B is an acute angle. Find
a) B and C, a) B and C,
b) the length of AB. b) the length of AB
 73
5. 6.

Find
(a) ACB.
(b) the length of CD.
Find
(a) the length of BC,
(b) BDC.

7. Find 8. Find the length of BC, BAC and the length of AB.
a) AEB and ABE
b) the length of BE, ED and BC,
 74
Solution of triangle: Cosine Rule

a 2 = b 2 + c 2 2bc cos A
1. Find the value of x for the following triangle 2. Find the value of for the following triangle

3. 4.

Find QSR and the value of x Find Value of x

 75
5. 6.

Find the length of FG

Find EPH and the length of EP

1
Solution of triangle: Area of Triangles ab sin C
2

1. Find the area of following triangles

 76
2. Given that the area of ABC is 14 cm2, find the 3. Given that the area of ABC is 18 cm2, find P
length of AB

4. Calculate the area of ABC. 5. Find the area of quadrilateral EFGH.

6. Find the length of BC and the area of triangle ABC

 77

Q1
Index numbers: Price indices (1) I = 100
Q0

1. Complete the following table by determine the price index of the 3 items for the year 1995 based on the year
1995.
Item Price in 2000 (RM) Price in 2005 (RM) Price index
VCD player 128.00 120.00
Laptop 4000.00 2500.0
Car 32000 36000

2. The following table shows the price of item A in the year 2000, 2002 and 2004. Find the price index for the
year
(a) 2002 using 2000 as the base year.
(b) 2004 using 2000 as the base year.
(c) 2004 using 2002 as the base year.

Year 2000 2002 2004

Price
13.00 16.25 19.50
(RM)

3. The table below shows the price of three item for the year 2000 and 2006 and their respective price index of
the year 2006 using the year 2000 as the base year. Find the values of x , y and z .
Item Price in 1998 (RM) Price in 2002 (RM) Price index
P 1.90 1.60 x
Q 2.40 y 150
R z 47.00 188

4. The table below shows the price of three item for the year 1998 and 2002 and their respective price index of
the year 2002 using the year 1998 as the base year. Find the values of p, q and r.
Item X Y Z
Price in 1998 (RM) 1.50 1.60 r
Price in 2002 (RM) 2.40 q 200
Price index p 120 192
 78

Index numbers: Composite index, I =

IW
W
1. The following table shows the price in the year 2000 and 2002 and the weightages for several types of food.
Calculate the composite index for the year 2002 using the year 2000 as the base year
Food Price in 2000 (RM) Price in 2002 (RM) Weightage
Meat 5.00 6.50 3
Fish 6.00 8.00 1
Vegetable 2.00 2.30 4

2. The following table shows the price indices and the weightages for several types of vegetables in the year
2004 using the year 2000 as the base year. Calculate the composite index for the year 2004 using the year
2000 as the base year.
Food Price index Weightage
Cauliflower 108 4
Broccoli 170 1
Lettuce 145 2
Cabbage 135 3

3. The composite index for the data shown in the following table is 115. Find the value of y.
Price index 110 120 y 80
Weightage 4 7 5 4

4. The composite index for the data shown in the following table is 137. Find the value of y.
Price index 120 96 156
Weightage 4y 2y 7
 79
5. The table shows the price of three items in the year 2000 and 2005 and their respective weightages.
Calculate the value of x if the composite index in the year 2005 based on the year 2000 is 106.
Item Price in 2000 (RM) Price in 2005 (RM) Weightage
A 32.00 40.00 2
B 35.00 49.00 5
C 30.00 x 8

6. The table below shows the prices, price indices and the weightages of four commodities.
Price (RM) Price index
Commodity Weightage
2002 2004 2004 based on 2002
P 48 60 x 4
Q 50 y 120 5
R Z 36 90 3
S 60 93 155 k
(a) Find the values of x , y and z .
(b) Find the value of k , if the composite index for the commodities in the year 2004 using the year 2002 as the
base year is 120.
(c) The total cost of the commodities in the year 2002 is RM 6000. Calculate the corresponding total cost for
the year 2004.
 80
7. The table shows the price indices of 4 items for the year 1998 based on the year 1996, the changes of the
price indices from the year 1998 to the year 2000 and their respective weigtages. Calculate the composite
index for the year 2000 using 1996 as the base year.
Price index Change in price index
Item Weightage
(1998 based on 1996) from 1998 to 2000
A 120 Increased 5% 2
B 130 Increased 10% 3
C 150 Decreased 20% 4
D 160 Unchanged 5

8. The bar chart shows the costs of items P, Q, R, S and T for the year 2000. The table shows the prices and
the price indices of the items.
a) Find the values of x , y and z .
b) Calculate the composite index for the items in the year 2005 based on the year 2000.
c) The total cost of the items in the year 2000 is RM 568. Calculate the corresponding total cost in the year
2005.
d) The coat increased by 25% from the year 2005 to the year 2010. Find the composite index for the year
2000 using 1990 as the base year.
Price (RM) Price index for 1995
Item
2000 2005 based on 1990
P x 0.70 175
Q 2.00 2.50 125
R 4.00 5.50 y
S 6.00 9.00 150
T 2.50 z 120

40 33
30
Cost (RM)

30 24
20 15
12
10

0
A B C D E
Items