ETHIOPIAN AIRPORT

ADDIS ABABA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
INDUSTRIAL TRINING PROGRAME

BACHELOR IN ENGINEERING
IN
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
(AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING)
Internship training in Addis Ababa International airport
FROM 28/02/2017 to 1/06/2017

SUBMITTED BY: -

1) BERNABAS SOLOMON

SUBMITTED To:
SUBMITTED date:
 ETHIOPIAN AIRPORT

PREFACE

The importance of industrial training needs no emphasis. One of the characteristics of

modern scenario is the increasing rapidity of change. This intensifies the need for study,
adaptation and training. For an engineering student, the practical training is as important as
the theoretical knowledge and sometimes more than the theory part. The practical training
not only makes a student familiar with the atmosphere and conditions of industry but
sufficiently increases his/her knowledge by providing a sense of confidence and
motivation. The main object of all industrial trainings is to prepare an individual so that
he/she can accomplish his/her task efficiently and effectively and can take up and handle
jobs of higher responsibility. Training is an act of increasing the knowledge and skills of an
employee for doing a particular job. The major outcome of training is learning. A trainee
learns new habits, refined skills and useful knowledge during the training that helps
him/her as improved performance. Training enables an individual to do his/her present job
more efficiently and be prepared for higher level job. Training is a planned programme
designed to improve performances and bring about measurable changes in knowledge,
skill, attitude and social behavior of an individual.

I personally feel proud and happy in writing this training report that I have completed my
training in such a good organization which taught me so many useful things.
 ETHIOPIAN AIRPORT

DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the project work entitled: 1. PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT OF

GLEASON NO.610 HYPOID GEAR MACHINE is an authentic record of my own work carried
out at TATA MOTORS, (CX-CWP) , LUCKNOW as requirements of four week summer
project , under the guidance of MR.TANUJ SONKER
This is to certify that thesis entitled STUDY OF AUTOMOBILE AIR CONDITIONING
SYSTEM USING EXHAUST HEAT being submitted by K.ADISESHAN (05331A302),
A.D.MANOHAR (05331A0309), A.PREETHAM (05331A0328) and SAI KRISHNA Y.N.M
(06335A0303) in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree of Bachelor
of Technology in MECHANICAL ENGINEERING is a record of bonafied work done by him
under our supervision during the academic year 2008-2009.

N.RAVI KUMAR Dr. R.Ramesh

Associate Professor Professor, HOD
Department of Mechanical Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering
MVGR College of Engineering MVGR College of Engineering

SUDHANSHU B.TECH.2nd year

Certified that the above statement made by the student is correct to the best of our knowledge
and belief.
 ETHIOPIAN AIRPORT

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I feel immense pleasure in completing this training and submitting this final report. The
whole internship period with Ethiopian airport has been full of learning and a sense of
contribution towards increasing the practical knowledge. I would like to thank Mr.
Rajesh ?Katariya (Manager HR) for giving me the opportunity to complete my training
in such a good organisation.

A successful training can never be completed by the efforts of a single person, but it also
demands the help and guardianship of some conversant person who helped the undersigned
actively or passively in completion of successful training. During the actual training Mr.
Devender Sharma (Head Training Department) has been a source of inspiration through
his constant guidance, personal interest, encouragement and help. I would like to convey
my sincere thank to him.

I also take this opportunity to thank Mr. Govind Kaushik (Supervisor) and all those
people who made this experience a memorable one.

Bernabas Solomon

ABSTRACT
 ETHIOPIAN AIRPORT

An automobile air conditioning system generally works on vapor compression cycle comprising
of compressor, condenser, expansion device and evaporator. The objective of project is to use
vapor absorption system instead of vapor compression system having water as the refrigerant and
lithium bromide as absorbent. The air conditioning system compresses of a generator, a
segregator, a condenser, an evaporator, an absorber, a heat exchanger and a plurality of conducts
intercommunicated thereto between to form a circulated cooled air production system. The
improvement is characterized in utilizing the residual heat from the exhaust pipe of an engine of
an engine by helically winding a coil tube around the main portion of the exhaust pipe so that the
liquidized refrigerant water (H20) from the generator will flow through and be heated into a
mixture of the vapor and lithium bromide and enter into the segregator for a process of
separation. Then, the vapor enters into the condenser via a capillary tube and from there enters
into the evaporator for a process of vaporization. Cooled air is therefore produced and vented
into the interior of the automobile. The vapor from the evaporator will then go to the absorber
and re-enter the generator after it is mixed with lithium bromide which is returned from the
segregator after being processed there to. Whereby, a cooling circulation for this system is
therefore completed.
Previously ammonia-water was used as refrigerant, due to the drawbacks such as depletion of
ozone layer and hazardous to humans as it is a toxic gas. So water is used as a refrigerant. By
implementing this absorption system, the compressor is eliminated thereby reducing the power
consumption of the system. This results in higher overall efficiency and less fuel consumption of
the engine. Further an analysis is made between vapor compression and vapor absorption system
and various parameters are studied.
The main aim of the project is to study implementation of vapour absorption system for
automobiles and make a working model.

CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT i
 ETHIOPIAN AIRPORT

ABSTRACT ii
CONTENTS iii
LIST OF FIGURES iv
LIST OF TABLES ix
CHAPTER 1 LITERATURE REVIEW 1
1.1. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 1
1.2. Vision, Product, Location and Customer of the factory 1
1.3. The History of Flour: from the Mortar to the Industrial Mill 2
CHAPTER 2 INTRODUCTION 5
2.1 refrigeration methods 5
2.1.1 natural methods 5
2.1.1.1 ice making by nocturnal cooling 5
2.1.1.2 evaporative cooling 6
2.1.2 aerificial methods 6
2.2 air conditioning systems 6
2.3 vapor compression system 7
2.4 vapor absorption system 8
2.5 advantages ars over vcr 10
2.6 practical problems in libr system 11
2.7 crystallisation 11
2.8 capacity control 12
2.9 commercial systems 12

CHAPTER 3 STUDY OF AUTMOBILE AIR CONDITIONING 15

3.1 description of absorption layout 16
3.2 waste heat recovery generator
Alternatives 18

CHAPTER 4 THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF ABSORPTION SYSTEM 11

4.1 first law analysis 24
4.2 thermodynamic properties 24
4.3 performance calculations 25
4.4 model calculatios 29
4.5 conventional calculation 39
 ETHIOPIAN AIRPORT

CHAPTER 5 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 37

CHAPTER 6 FABRICATION OF ABSORPTION AIR CONDITIONING

SYSTEM 41
6.1 Absorber 42
6.2 Generator 43
6.3 Working model 44
6.4 water treatment 30
6.5 water level 30
6.6 high water temperature 32
CHAPTER 7 CONCLUSION 46
 ETHIOPIAN AIRPORT

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE NO. DESCRIPTION PAGE NO.

2.1 Vapor compression system 8
2.2 Vapor absorption system 9
2.3 Twin drum type libr system 13
3.1 Components of air cooled absorption
system for transport 17
3.2 Generator system with additional burner 19

3.3 Direct recovery generator system 19

3.4 Generator with air as intermediate fluid 20
3.5 Generator with intermediate fluid- closed 20
4.1 Layout of absorption system 23
4.2 Flow diagram of libr absorption system 26
4.3 Schematic representation of vapor absorption
with regenerator HE 32
4.4 Representation of absorption cycle on p-1/T diagram 33
5.1 Heat transfer in each component 38
5.2 Variation of COP at different generator temperatures 39
5.3 Variation of COP at different condeser temperatures 40
5.4 Variation of COP at different evaporator temperatures 40
6.1 Modified layout of absorption system 41
6.2 Absorber 42
6.3 Generator 43
6.4 Working model 44
 ETHIOPIAN AIRPORT

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE NO. DESCRIPTION PAGE NO.

4.1 Comparision between conventional and calculated results 36
5.1 Thermodynamic properties of each point 37
5.2 Heat transfer rate of components and performance parameters 38

LITERATURE REVIEW
 ETHIOPIAN AIRPORT

Addis Ababa Bole International Airport

Bole International Airport


Bole international airport.jpg

Addis Ababa Bole International Airport (IATA: ADD, ICAO: HAAB) based the city of Addis
Ababa, Ethiopia. It is located in the Bole area, 6 km (3.7 mi) southeast of the city centre and 65 km
(40 mi) north of Debre Zeyit. The airport was formerly known as Haile Selassie I International
Airport. It is the main hub of Ethiopian Airlines, the national airline that serves destinations in
Ethiopia and throughout the African continent, as well as nonstop service to Asia, Europe, North
America and South America. The airport is also the base of the Ethiopian Aviation Academy.[3] As
of 31 July 2013, more than 150 flights per day were departing from and arriving at the airport.

Summary
Airport type Public
Operator Ethiopian Airports Enterprise
Serves Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Location Bole
Hub for Ethiopian Airlines
Elevation AMSL 2,334 m / 7,656 ft
Coordinates 085840N 384758E
Website addisairport.com

History
In 1960, Ethiopian Airlines realized the runway at Lidetta was too short for its new jet aircraft, the Boeing
720. Thus a new airport was built at Bole.

By December 1992 the new Runway and Control tower were operational. In 1997, an expansion plan was
announced for the airport. This expansion would be done in three phases:
 ETHIOPIAN AIRPORT

Phase One: Add a parallel runway, and expand the old runway.
Phase Two: Construction of a brand new terminal with a large parking area, a shopping
complex and restaurants.
Phase Three: Construction of the 38m control tower (double the height of the previous
one) and installation of new electrical and fire-fighting equipment.
The expansion of the old runway, and addition of the new runway, would be capable of handling the
Boeing 747 and Airbus A340 aircraft. The new parallel would consist of five entrances and exits to the
old runway, which serve as taxiway. The proposed terminal would house a high tech security and baggage
handling system built on more than 43,000 square metres of land. The terminal will also have banks and
duty-free shops. The new control tower would be built in between Terminal 1 and Terminal 2, replacing
the old control tower.

In 2003, the new international passenger terminal was opened, making it one of Africa's largest airport
passenger terminals. The new terminal is capable to handle about 3,000 passengers an hour. This project
was worth a total of 1.05 billion birr ($130 million). At the time, the airport was one of a number of
airport terminal constructions that have been underway in Ethiopia.

In 2006, a new cargo terminal and maintenance hangar was opened five months late. This was because of
expanded specifications vastly to improve Ethiopian Airlines handling capacity and needs. The facility
can accommodate three to four aircraft at a time. This project was worth a total of 340 million birr. At the
same time, the first Airbus A380 arrived at the airport to undertake tests to validate its Engine Alliance
GP7200 engines performance from high altitude airports.
The airport is capable of accommodating the A380.

In 2010, the Ethiopian Airports Enterprise announced another expansion project worth $27.9 million at
the airport. The project will include expansion of the aircraft parking capacity from 19 to 44 in order to
accommodate heavier aircraft such as the Boeing 747 and Boeing 777. In the first phase of the project, 15
parking areas will be constructed and the remaining will be completed in the next phase. The expansion
will help in easing air traffic congestion due to increase in international travel. This would lead to the new
expansion plan in 2012.

Expansion
 ETHIOPIAN AIRPORT

Apron view

Check-in hall

Departure Hall of Terminal 2

Expansion of the passenger terminal, cargo space, hangar, the runway and construction of the hotel is
currently being completed by Chinese state-owned companies.
The expansion work is being undertaken in two phases on an 80-hectare site. The first phase of the
expansion work had enabled the airport to accommodate 15 additional aircraft, reducing traffic congestion
at the airport. The second phase of the expansion work will enable the airport to service 10 additional
aircraft. The airport will be able to service a total of 44 aircraft upon the completion of the expansion. The
airport also plans to expand the apron which purportedly can solve the persistent aircraft parking problem
it faces particularly during large international conferences.

In 2012, expansion of the new passenger terminal was announced. The outlay of this expansion was
projected at $250 million. At the same time, a new ramp was completed and can now park 24 aircraft.
Another ramp is being built for 14 more aircraft. At the same time, the first phase of expanding the
taxiways and adding more aircraft parking was completed. Eventually, this will lead to the expansion of
the terminal. This all falls in line with Ethiopian Airlines plan, "Vision 2025".

Further Developments
The current Prime Minister Hailemariam Desalegn has purportedly given permission to build a new
international airport in the town of Mojo, 65 kilometers south of the capital's current airport. The senior
official at the Ethiopian Airport Enterprise said that the officials of the enterprise and the Ministry of
Transport briefed the Prime Minister about the planned grand airport project. Two other sites are also
options.

Facilities
The airport has two terminals with a total of 11 gates, plus more than 30 remote aircraft parking stands
behind both Terminals. Terminal 1 has 4 gates and Terminal 2 has 7 gates. Terminal 1 serves Domestic
and Regional flights for Ethiopian Airlines, EgyptAir, Sudan Airways, and Yemenia. Terminal 2 serves
International flights and the rest of the airlines that serve the airport.
 ETHIOPIAN AIRPORT

In 2012, Ethiopian Airlines opened the first phase of its Cloud Nine Business Class Lounge at Bole
International Airport. This will provide premium travelers with modern facilities and amenities. The
second phase of the lounge's construction will include a spa, private digital lockers for passengers to stow
away their bags, and a traditional Ethiopian coffee corner. Once complete, it will be three times the size of
the existing lounge. Cloud Nine features a quiet corner with sleeping cots and individual reading lamps,
massage chairs, and an internet corner with free Wi-Fi connection. The lounge is part of the airline's
"Vision 2025 Fast Growth Plan.