sanamdikar@yahoo.com
Abstract : Agriculture is the backbone of our country. The available management is not sufficient to that of requirement.
Today the farmer themselves manages all the things which crop requires, but every person do not have the exact knowledge of
the quantity and the time to apply to the crop. So here we have developed the system that will manage the temperature, humidity
and intensity for the crop one year using the Programmable logic controller (PLC). Every seeds manufacturing company as well
as regional agricultural colleges provide the yearly scheduled for the crop. Our system will take this as the input through the
program and then it will maintain temperature, humidity and intensity of polyhouse.
We can achieve desire results with the help of PLC. Using PLC we want to develop an automated continuous process
system for maintaining the house. Though the process seems to be simple but degree of automation is higher for proper operation
of a system. In this paper, we are discussing how we are going to develop this system, what is the basic theme of this project and
how our ideas will be applicable to the theme. We have designed a control system. We are detailing areas which are more
important to instrumentation and control engineer. The purpose of the project is to grow a crop in any climatic conditions at any
time. Proper design, selection, construction and management of the polyhouse and upgrading, construction of polyhouse using
sensors will give effect to house.
for African violets, gloxinias and many going to control the valve i.e. is amount of acid or
foliage plants which grow satisfactorily at base is to be adding into treated water. It also controls
low light intensities. Excessive light the positions of all the levels of the different tanks in
intensity destroys chlorophyll even though the process. This will help to control the system
the synthesis of this green pigment in many smoothly.
plants is dependent upon light.
Chrysanthemum is a classic example for a IV.2 Basic Elements of PLC:
short-day plant. However, flower buds will
not form unless the night temperature is high PLC mainly consists of a CPU, memory areas and
enough. Chrysanthemum is flowered on a appropriate circuits to receive input/output data. We
year-round basis as a cut flower or potted actually consider the PLC to be a box full hundreds
plant simply by controlling the length of day and thousands of relays, counters, timers and data
and temperature. storage locations. They dont physically exist but
rather they are simulated and can be considered as
software counters, timers, etc. Each components of
IV: SOFTWARE DESIGN: PLC has specific function.
Input relays (contacts):- These are connected to
This chapter is basically gives the details of outside world. They physically exist and receive
software. The main software is PLC and in this signals from switches, sensors, etc. Typically
chapter it gives the details of which PLC is use and they are not relays but rather they are transistor.
the ladder diagram Internal Utility Relay:- These do not receive
a) Flow chart: flow chart of above system as shown signals from outside world nor do they
in figure IV-1. physically exist. They are simulated relays and
b) Programming Logic Controller : enables PLC to eliminate external relays. There
Control engineering has evolved over are also some special relays that are dedicated to
time. In the past humans were the main methods for perform only one task. Some are always on
controlling a system. More recently electricity has while some are always off. Some are on only
been used for control and early electrical control was once during power-on and typically used for
based on relays. These relays allow power to be initializing data that was stored.
switched on and off without a mechanical switch. It Counters:- These are simulated counters and
is common to use relays to make simple logical they can be programmed to count pulses.
control decisions. The development of low cost Typically these counters can count up, down or
computer has brought the most recent revolution, the both. Since they are simulated they are limited to
Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). The advent their speed. Some manufactures also includes
of the PLC began in the 1970s, and has become the high speed counters that are hardware based. We
most common choice for manufacturing controls. can think it as a physical existence.
PLCs have been gaining popularity on the factory Timers:-These come in many varieties and
floor and will probably remain predominant for some increments. Most common type is on-delay type.
time to come. Most of this is because of the Others includes off delay and both retentive and
advantages they offer. non retentive type. Increment varies from
Now why only PLC? We use PLC 1milliseconds to 1 second.
because it is capable of handling large no of inputs
Output relays:-These are connected to outside
without need of human interfacing. Once it is
world. They physically exist and send on or off
correctly programmed the operator doesnt have to
signals to solenoids, lights, etc. They can be
bother about the process.
transistors or relays depending upon their model.
Cost effective for controlling complex systems.
Data storage:- Typically there are resisters
Flexible and can be reapplied to control other
assigned simply to store data. They are usually
systems quickly and easily.
used for temporary storage for math or data
Computational abilities allow more sophisticated
manipulation. They can also be used to store data
control.
when power is removed from the PLC
Trouble shooting aids make programming easier
and reduce downtime.
Languages in PLC: