Engineering
Braja M. Das
Chapter 4
Ultimate Bearing Capacity
Of Shallow Foundations:
Special Cases
1
Special Cases
All our analyses to this point have assumed
the following:
The soil supporting the foundation below its base
is homogeneous and extends to great depth.
The ground surface is horizontal.
2
Non-Rigid Base
(a) Failure
surface under a
rough continuous
Clay or c- soil
foundation;
(b) variation of
Sand
D/B with soil
friction angle
3
Rigid Base Failure Mode
H<=B
4
Rigid Base
B N*
q c nN* D N *
u 2 c f q
Same equation we have been using except
we modify the bearing capacity factors based
on the depth to the rigid base and its ratio
with footing width.
Nc = 37
Nc* = 80
6
Mandel and Salencons bearing
capacity factor N*q (Equation 4.2)
Nq = 22
Nq* = 50
7
Mandel and Salencons bearing
capacity factor N* (Equation 4.2)
N = 19
N* = 20
8
Two Simplified Cases
For sands c=0 (Rectangular or Square) What about continuous?
F* 1 m
B
B N* F*
s qs 1
L
q D N* F *
u f q qs
F * 1 m
2 B
s
2
L
For clays =0
q c N* D
u( continuous) u c f No Nq
0.5
B
0.707
H
q 5.14 1 cu D
u( square)
5.14 f
9
N*c for = 0
10
Variation of m1 and m2 with
H/B and
m2>=0.4
11
Example Square Footing Sand
= 30 Df = 2 feet H=4 feet B=8 feet = 115 pcf
F* 1 m
B
B N* F*
s
qs 1
L
q D N* F *
u f q qs
F * 1 m
2 B
s
2
L
H/B = 4/8 = 0.5 B/L = 1 m1 = 0.3 m2 = 0.44 F*qs = 0.7 F*s = 0.56
N* = 20 N*q = 50
12
Weak Base
Soil Friction
Key Pay attention to where each layers values are used in equations
13
Bearing capacity of a continuous
foundation on layer soil
Punching shear failure in stronger soil with Two forces resisting in upper layer
a general shear failure in the weak soil Passive earth pressure Pp
Adhesion Ca*H
14
Bearing Capacity for Each Layer
15
Meyerhof and Hanna punching shear
coefficient Ks
Note: q1 = qtop
q2 = qbottom
16
Combined Bearing Capacity
Continuous Footing
2 ca H 2 Df Ks tan 1
2
qu qbottom 1 H 1 1 H qtop
B H B
17
Combined Bearing Capacity
Square Footing
B 2 ca H 2 B 2 Df 1 K s tan 1
qu qbottom 1
L B
1
H 1
L
1
H
B
1 H
qtop
1
qtop c1 N c ( 1) Fcs ( 1) 1 Df N q ( 1) Fqs ( 1) 1 B N ( 1) Fs ( 1)
2
Shape Factors from Chapter 3
18
Strong Sand Over Weak Clay
B
qbottom 1 0.2 5.14 c2 1 Df H
L
Of top layer
1
qtop 1 Df N q ( 1) F qs ( 1) 1 B N ( 1) F s ( 1)
2
0.2 B 2 B 2 Df Ks tan 1
qu 1 5.14 c2 1 H 1 1 1 Df
L L H B
Of bottom layer Of top layer qtop
Ratio simplified to
q2 5.14 c2
To determine Ks
q1 0.5 1 B N ( 1 )
19
Strong Sand Over Weak Sand
2 Df s tan 1
1K
2 B
qu 1 Df H N q ( 2) Fqs ( 2) 2 BN ( 2) Fs ( 2) 1 H 1 1
1
1 H
2 L H
B qtop
where
1
qtop 1 Df N q ( 1) F qs ( 1) 1 B N ( 1) F s ( 1)
2
q2 2 N ( 2)
q1 1 N ( 1)
20
Strong Clay Over Weak Clay
0.2 B B 2 ca H
qu 1 5.14 c2 1 1 Df
L L B
where
q top 1 0.2
B
5.14 c1 1 Df
L
and Ratio simplified to
q2 c2
q1 c1
C1 and c2 are undrained
21
Critical Depth
At what depth does the lower layer impact
foundation bearing capacity?
22
Critical Depth
23
Bearing Capacity on Slopes
Footings founded at the top of slopes can
have the shear failure zone intersected by
the slope. This changes the conditions
within the failure zone and affects BC.
24
Bearing Capacity
1
qu BNq cNcq
2
1
qu BNq For sands Note no
2 q*Nq
What do you do if
0>Df/B<1?
If 30<<40?
Note Trend
26
Stability Number for =0 Soils
H
Ns
c
If B<H,use the curves for NS=0
IF B>=H, use the curves for calculated Ns
27
Meyerhofs bearing capacity factor
Ncq for purely cohesive soil
28
Stress Characteristics
Solution
1
qu BNq
2
For granular soils c=0
Cannot use for cohesive soils
29
Graham et al.'s theoretical
values of Nq (D/B = 0)
b/B=0.5 =40 ? If no dashed line, use solid line
30
Graham et al.s theoretical
values of Nq (D/B = 0.5)
If no dashed line, use solid line
31
Graham et al.s theoretical
values of Nq (D/B = 1)
If no dashed line, use solid line
32
Problem
33
Homework
From Chapter 4
CE 430
4.1 CE 530
4.4 Same as CE 430 plus
4.5 4.3
4.6 4.7
4.11
Read Chapter 5
34