Pá¿i Conjugation

Active Voice Middle Voice

Active Voice
Middle Voice Conditional
Present Indicative 1. Sg. (i)ssaí (i)ssaí
Present Indicative
1. Sg. mi í 2. Sg. (i)ssasi (i)ssa (i)sse (i)ssase
1. Sg. e
2. Sg. si 3. Sg. (i)ssa (i)ssati (i)ssá (i)ssatha
2. Sg. se
3. Sg. ti 1. Pl. (i)issáma (i)ssamhá (i)ssamhase (i)ssámhase
3. Sg. te
1. Pl. ma 2. Pl. (i)ssatha (i)ssavhe
1. Pl. mhe mahe mha mase mhase
2. Pl. tha 3. Pl. (i)ssaísu (i)ssiísu
2. Pl. vhe
3. Pl. (a)nti
3. Pl. (a)nte re Root Aorist (Type 1)
Imperative 1. Sg. í
Imperative
1. Sg. mi 2. Sg. o á
1. Sg. e
2. Sg. a (= stem), hi 3. Sg. á tha ttha
2. Sg. ssu
3. Sg. tu 1. Pl. mhá mha
3. Sg. taí
1. Pl. ma mu 2. Pl. ttha
1. Pl. (á)mase mhase
2. Pl. tha 3. Pl. ú u uí
2. Pl. vho
3. Pl. (a)ntu
3. Pl. (a)ntaí ruí a- Aorist (Type 2)
Optative 1.Sg. aí a á aí
Optative
1. Sg. eyyaí e eyyámi 2.Sg. o a á asi se á
1. Sg. eyyaí
2. Sg. eyyási e eyya 3.Sg. á a tha ttha
2. Sg. etho
3. Sg. eyya e eyyati 1. Pl. áma amhá amha mhase mase mhasa mhe
3. Sg. etha
1. Pl. eyyáma ema emu 2. Pl. attha atha vhaí
1. Pl. emase eyyámhe
emasi 3. Pl. uí ísu u ú e ruí tthuí ú
2. Pl. eyyavho
2. Pl. eyyátha etha
3. Pl. eraí s-Aorist (Type 3)
3. Pl. eyyuí eyyu
1.Sg. sií thaí
Future
Future 2.Sg. si
1. Sg. (i)ssaí
1. Sg. (i)ssámi hámi 3.Sg. si tha
2. Sg. (i)ssase
2. Sg. (i)ssasi hisi hasi 1. Pl. simha mha simhá
3. Sg. (i)ssate
3. Sg. (i)ssati (i)hiti hati 2. Pl. sittha ttha
1. Pl. (i)ssámase (i)ssamhe
1. Pl. (i)issáma háma 3. Pl. suí ísu siísu sisuí
(i)ssámhe
2. Pl. (i)ssatha hatha
2. Pl. (i)ssavhe i-Aorist (Type 4)
3. Pl. (i)ssanti hinti hanti
3. Pl. (i)ssare (i)ssante 1.Sg. ií isaí issa issaí
2.Sg. i ì ittho
Primary Suffixes Secondary Suffixes 3.Sg. i ittha
1. Pl. imha imhá imhe
Absolutive: 1. (i)tvá, (i)tvána, Abstract: a, ka, tta(í), ttana, tá, ya,
2. Pl. ittha ivho
ttá. eyya.
3. Pl. iísu isuí uí
2. (i)ya, (i)yana, (i)cca. 3. (i)tuye, Action-noun: ana (aóa), a, ti, ta, tta,
(i)túna, tu(í). 4. (óamul:) aí, ií, tá. Prefixes (intens. = intensifier, neg. = negative.)
akaí. Agent-noun: (i)tá/(i)tar, ì/in, a: non-; neg., expresses absence. ati: on, further, beyond,
Active Present Participle: í, nt, ávì/ávin, aka/ika. across, up to, over, past, very (much); intens. adhi (= ajjh-
nta, mána, ána, ana. Comparative: tara, ìya, (i)yya, issika, before vowel): (on)to, toward, over, above, (up)on, superior
Future Middle Participle: iþþha; tama (= superlative). to, at, in, great; intens. anu: after, along, near to, according
(i)ssant, (i)ssamána. Connective: a, ika, aka (also to, less than, each. apa: off, away (from), forth; can express
hurt, devaluation, reverence. pi: to(wards), on (to), over,
Causative: e, aya, pe, paya, diminutive and pleonastic and
close upon. abhi: to(wards), on (to), over, facing, against;
ápaya, ápe. adjectival), ìna, tá (= collective).
intens., may express reverence, particularity. ava/o: down,
Denominative: áya, aya, e, a, Numerical: khattuí (times); dhá (be)low, off, away, back, aside, little, less; neg. &
ya, iya, ìya. (fold); ma, ì, tiya, ttha, þþha (ordinal); diminutive. á: at, (near) to, until, away, as far as, all round;
Desiderative: kha, cha, sa (root so (distributive), guóa (multiple); intens. ud: up(wards), above, forth, out, away. upa: (un)to,
redupl.). aya, ka (collection). (up)on, to(wards), near, with, as, like, up to; intens. &
Future Passive Participle: 1. Pronominal: so, to (abl. adv.); aí diminutive; opposite of apa. du(r): wrong, bad, perverse,
(i)tabba. 2. anìya, aniya, aneyya, (acc. adv.) thá, (t)thaí (manner); tra, apart; opposite of su. ni(r): (with)out, forth, down(wards) in
aniyya. 3. (i)ya, eyya, (i)cca. 4. ttha, haí, hií, dhi (place); dá, dáni, (to), under; neg. pa: onward, forward to, forth, out; intens.
táya, tayya, teyya. dácanaí, rahi, dhuná, jja, jju (time); pati/paþi: again(st), back to, opposite, in reverse direction, in
Future Active Participle: esin. tana (adj.). return, to(wards), near(by). pará: onto, over, away, back,
Infinitive: 1. (i)tuí. 2. tave. Patronymical: a, aya, áyana, ána, opposed to, aside, beyond, through. pari: (all) around, (all)
about, all over, completely; intens. vi: asunder, apart, away,
3.(i)tuye. 4. (i)táye, tase. 5. eyya, era, ya, ava.
(with)out, separation, distinction, reversion, expansion;
(an)áya (dat.). Possessive: a, ála, álu, ava, ita, ika,
intens. & neg. saí: with, along, together, fully, nearby,
Intensive: a, ya (root redupl.) ima, ì/in, iya, ila, eyya, eyyaka, completely; intens. Opposite of vi. su: well, happily,
Past Participle: (i)ta, na, tta, mant, vant, vì/vin. thorough; intens.; opposite of du(r).
(þ)þha, (t)ávin, (ta)vant. Vowel Gradation
Passive Past Participle: 1. ya, Conjugation signs:
Avuddhi: (zero) Guóa: (+ a) Vuddhi: (+ a + a)
yya. 2. iya, ìya, iyya 1: a+; 2: a (í inserted after root-
vowel); 3: ya, 4: óu, óo; 6: óhá; 7: o, u (a) / – a á
This table can be freely copied for non- (= middle voice); 8: e, aya+. i ì y ² / ay áy / ÷
commercial use. 2008 Bh. Ñáóatusita.
(+ = guóa or vuddhi in root-vowel) u ú v ´ / av áv / õ
Italics indicate rare forms.
 Demonstrative Pronouns Declension Italics indicate rare forms.
Ay/I Masc. Sing. Fem. Sing. Neutr. Sing.
Nom. ayaí ayaí idaí imaí
Acc. imaí imaí idaí imaí
Instr. iminá anena aminá imáya iminá aminá anena
Abl. imasma imamhá asmá amhá imissá assá imissáya imáya assáya imasma imamhá asmá
amhá
Gen./Dat. imassa imissa assa imáya imassa assa
Loc. imasmií imamhi asmií imissaí imissá assaí imásaí imáyaí imasmií asmií imamhi
Masc. Plur. Fem. Plur. Neutr. Plur.
Nom. ime imá imáyo imáni
Acc. ime imá imáyo imáni
Instr. imehi ehi imáhi imehi ehi
imebhi ebhi imábhi imebhi ebhi
Abl. imehi ehi imáhi imehi ehi
imebhi ebhi imábhi imebhi ebhi
Gen./Dat. imesaí esaí imásaí ásaí imásánaí imesaí esaí
imesánaí esánaí imesánaí esánaí
Loc. imesu esu imásu imesu esu
Asu/amu Masc. Sing. Fem. Sing. Neutr. Sing.
Nom. asu amu asu aduí
Acc. amuí amuí aduí amuí
Instr. amuná amuyá amuná
Abl. amusmá amumhá amuyá amusmá amumhá
Gen./Dat. amussa adussa amussá amuyá amussa adussa
Loc. amusmií amumhi amussaí amuyaí amusmií amumhi
Masc. Plur. Fem. Plur. Neutr. Plur.
Nom. amú amuyo amú amuyo amúni amú
Acc. amú amuyo amú amuyo amúni amú
Instr. amúhi amúbhi amúhi amúbhi amúhi amúbhi
Abl. amúhi amúbhi amúhi amúbhi amúhi amúbhi
Gen./Dat. amúsaí amúsánaí amúsaí amúsánaí amúsaí amúsánaí
Loc. amúsu amúsu amúsu
1 Pers. Personal Pronouns
ma(d) Sing. Plur.
Nom. ahaí mayaí amhe vayaí amhá
Acc. maí mamaí me amhe asme asmákaí amhákaí no
Instr. mayá me amhehi amhebhi no
Abl. mayá amhehi amhebhi
Gen./Dat. mama mayhaí mamaí amhaí me amhákaí asmákaí amhaí no
Loc. mayi amhesu asmásu asmesu
2 Pers. ta(d) Sing. Plur.
Nom tvaí tuvaí taí tumhe
Acc. taí tuvaí tvaí tyaí tavaí tumhe tumhákaí vo ve vaí
Instr. tayá tvayá te tumhehi tumhebhi vo ve vaí
Abl. tayá tvayá tumhehi tumhebhi
Gen./Dat. tava tuyhaí tumhaí tavaí te tumhákaí tumhaí vo ve vaí
Loc. tayi tvayi tumhesu
3 Pers. ta(d) Masc. Sing. Fem. Sing. Neutr. Sing.
Nom. so sa sá taí tad- se tadaí
Acc. taí taí taí tad- se
Instr. tena táya tena
Abl. tasmá tamhá tato táya tasmá tamhá tato
Gen./Dat. tassa tassá tissá tassáya tissáya táya tassa
Loc. tasmií tamhi tassaí tissaí tásaí táyaí tasmií tamhi
3 Pers. ta(d) Masc. Plur. Fem. Plur. Neutr. Plur.
Nom. te tá táyo táni
Acc. te tá táyo táni
Instr. tehi tebhi táhi tábhi tehi tebhi
Abl. tehi tebhi táhi tábhi tehi tebhi
Gen./Dat. tesaí tesánaí tásaí tásánaí sánaí tesaí tesánaí
Loc. tesu tásu tesu