(WEEK 1)
The activities 1 to 5 will help you get familiarized with the AutoCAD 2015
environment, whereas the activities 6 and 7 are designed to give you the
basic concept of orthographic projection.
GET YOUR LAB WORK CHECKED BY THE LAB TUTOR BEFORE YOU
LEAVE THE LAB.
NOTE:
To get participation marks, you must complete the GLAs during your registered lab session
in the relevant week.
Emailed GLAs do not attract any marks.
The figures, orthogonal views and dimensioning elements in this document are NOT TO
SCALE.
1-2
- Line (L)
- Circle (C)
- Pline (PL)
- ERASE
- Zoom & Pan
- Object snap options
- Dynamic input mode
- Direct distance mode for drawing lines
- Absolute coordinate mode for drawing lines
- Relative coordinate mode for drawing lines
- Polar coordinate mode for drawing lines
- Combining coordinate modes for drawing lines
- Layers / Layer manager
- Limits
You can change the display screen by selecting one of the options
shown in Figure 2.
DRAWING LIMITS
PROCEDURE:
Type LIMITS and press ENTER
Press ENTER to select the default value of (0, 0) for the lower-
left corner
Type 12, 9 and press ENTER (This defines the upper-right corner).
Type ZOOM and press ENTER
Type A and press ENTER
EXAMPLE
Open a new file (metric drawing template - acadiso.dwt).
(You may have to use ZOOM AND PAN functions to keep the object
in front of you)
This method requires absolute coordinates for drawing line. All values refer to
the initial point.
OPEN A NEW FILE
NOTE:
To achieve maximum efficiency, a combination of modes is used
during a drawing session.
You can also draw a rectangle using RECTANGLE command. Try
it!
ACTIVITY 1:
Determine the missing coordinates, and then create one-view drawing from
the figure below. Use absolute, relative and polar coordinate modes. (See the
procedure on next page ..)
PROCEDURE:
Type LINE or L
Specify first point: 0.5, 0.5
Specify next point or [Undo]: 0.5, 5.5
Specify next point or [Undo]: 2.5, 5.5
..
..
..
input all the coordinates press enter twice after the last pair of coordinates
is entered.
ACTIVITY 2:
Open a new file (metric drawing template - acadiso.dwt).
STEP 1: Draw a circle of R20 at a randomly selected location (Note: R20 refers to a radius
of 20 mm).
STEP 2: Follow the following command sequence to draw another circle of 30. The
centre of this circle is located 100 mm away from the centre of the first circle.
Centres of both circles are located on the same horizontal axis. (Note: 30
refers to a diameter of 30 mm
STEP 3: Draw a line, which is tangent to both circles (Follow the following steps).
ACTIVITY 3:
Use the imperial drawing template - acad.dwt
(Note: To draw a line from pt#5 to pt#6, use the linear coordinates of pt#6.
Using the given angle to calculate the length may induce errors in this case.)
ACTIVITY 4:
Open a new file (metric drawing template - acadiso.dwt). Workout the
coordinates and then create the following one view drawing on AutoCAD.
ACTIVITY 5:
Open a new file (metric drawing template - acadiso.dwt).
Create the following layers using the Layer Properties Manager. Consult
lecture notes to determine the line type and line weights for A4 drawing
sheets.
Click the layer properties ICON and follow the below procedure for loading
and assigning the line types to different layers.
REPEAT the above steps and assign HIDDEN line to the layer
named Hidden lines
Click the layer properties ICON and follow the below procedure for assigning
line weights.
ACTIVITY 6:
Figure below shows pictorial drawings A to M. The shaded surface represents
front view. The three orthographic views (FRONT, TOP and RIGHT SIDE) are
shown in drawings 1 to 12.
ACTIVITY 7:
Figure A7(a) shows 3D view of a wedge block. The three orthogonal views (FRONT,
TOP and SIDE*) of the wedge block are shown in Figure A6(b). The given views are
incomplete (some lines/features may be missing).
Complete the views. You can indicate the missing features directly on this sheet.
Get and bring the following items for the labs in weeks 2 and 3:
Lead pencils
Graph (sketching) papers - size A3 is preferred.
Compass
Set squares ( Triangles 30- 60, 45)
Engineers reading scale (rule)
Protractor
Eraser
Required number of sheets: 2 for the GLAs and 2 for the assignment.
You will need the following sketching material to complete the tasks in this weeks
GLAs:
Lead pencils
Graph (sketching) papers - size A3 is preferred.
Compass
Set squares ( Triangles 30- 60, 45)
Engineers reading scale (rule)
Protractor
Eraser
GET YOUR LAB WORK CHECKED BY THE LAB TUTORS BEFORE YOU
LEAVE THE LAB.
NOTE:
To get participation marks, you must complete the GLAs during your registered lab
session in the relevant week.
Emailed GLAs do not attract any marks.
The figures, orthogonal views and dimensioning elements in this document are NOT TO
SCALE.
2-2
ACTIVITY 1:
The FRONT, TOP and SIDE1 are the most commonly used orthographic views to
describe objects.
Figure A1 shows a 3D object and two of its orthographic views, which are
incomplete (some lines/features may be missing). On a sketching/graph paper,
sketch the three completed orthographic views of the object using the dimensions
given.
DIMENSIONING:
Add dimensions in the same manner as shown in Figure A1.
Leave a gap of 12 15 mm between the view and the first dimension line. Then,
maintain the same spacing (12 15 mm) between dimension lines.
Only the given dimensions shall be indicated on your drawing. DO NOT derive any
more dimensions. DO NOT repeat the same dimension.
TITLE BLOCK:
The title block must conform to the specifications for your selected drawing
sheet (A4 or A3). For specs, refer to the lecture notes (week 1).
The title block must be complete. You can use the Part Name as the Title of your
drawing and the Part Number as the Drawing Identification Number.
Some suggestions:
Workout the required sheet size you need to consider the object dimensions,
drawing scale, and space between views.
Start drawing the FRONT view first draw all the visible features.
Draw the other two views again draw the visible features first.
Now complete all the views
by projecting back and forth
between different views.
Specifications for Hidden
Lines and Centre Lines are
given below.
The drawing layouts for an A3 drawing sheet are shown in Figures L1 and L2. The
values of the gaps A and B define the starting point for the front view of the object.
The calculations for A and B are given in the examples 1 and 2 on the following
pages.
EXAMPLE 1:
Leaving equal gaps between the views and borders, as shown in Figure L1.
400 ( + )
=
3
400 (84 + 44) 1
=
3
= .
277 ( + )
=
3
277 55 (43 + 44) 1
=
3
=
NOTE:
The values of A and B are only a guide. You can round these figures to your
desired value.
EXAMPLE 2:
Leaving a fixed gap between the views, as shown in Figure L2. This is very
useful if you want to leave more space for placing dimensions between the
views.
400 50 ( + )
=
2
400 50 (84 + 44) 1
=
2
=
277 50 ( + )
=
2
277 50 55 (43 + 44) 1
=
2
= .
NOTE: The values of A and B are only a guide. You can round these figures to
your desired value.
This option is used to draw a circle, which is tangent to two objects. For example,
the following command sequence creates a circle, which is tangent to the lines A
& B, as shown in the image below:
(First, draw the lines using Line command)
Type CIRCLE and press ENTER
Type Ttr and press ENTER
Click on line A
Click on Line B
Type 15 and press ENTER
ACTIVITY 2:
Create an AutoCAD drawing of the following figure. Dont worry about adding
dimensions and centre lines to your drawing. See the procedure on next page.
Some suggestions:
1. Open a new file (metric drawing template - acadiso.dwt).
2. Create three layers object, centre and construction. Object and centre lines
should conform to Australian drawing standards. The construction line can be of
any shape and thickness.
3. Draw a horizontal construction line using XL command that passes through (0,0).
4. Repeat the same procedure and draw a vertical construction line that passes
through the same point.
Type XL, and press ENTER
Type V, and press ENTER
Type 0,0 and press ENTER
5. Now use OFFSET command to draw two more vertical lines. The offset distances
are 76 and 25.
Use OFFSET again and draw another line, which is 25 mm away from the second
vertical line.
6. Repeat the above step and draw a horizontal construction line the offset
distance is defined by the location of circular features in the given figure.
9. Use TRIM command to remove the unwanted portion of the circle R71. The
procedure for TRIM command is appended below:
ACTIVITY 3:
Create one-view AutoCAD drawing of the following figure. Dont worry about adding
dimensions to your drawing. Use a metric drawing template - acadiso.dwt.
ACTIVITY 4:
Create one-view AutoCAD drawing of the lever crank, as shown in the following
figure. Dont worry about adding dimensions to your drawing. Use a metric drawing
template - acadiso.dwt.
You will need the following sketching material to complete the tasks in this weeks
GLAs:
Graph (sketching) papers - size A3.
Lead pencils
Compass
Set squares ( Triangles 30- 60, 45)
Engineers reading scale (rule)
Protractor
Eraser
GET YOUR LAB WORK CHECKED BY LAB TUTORS BEFORE YOU LEAVE
THE LAB.
NOTE:
To get participation marks, you must complete the GLAs during your registered lab
session in the relevant week.
Emailed GLAs do not attract any marks.
The figures, orthogonal views and dimensioning elements in this document are NOT TO
SCALE.
3-2
IMPORTANT NOTE!
The main focus of the manual drawing in this weeks GLAs will be:
- Indicating FILLETS AND ROUNDS on drawings
- Placing dimensions
Refer to lecture notes / Engineering drawing books to learn and adopt good
dimensioning practices. Consider the following when you add dimensions to
drawings:
ACTIVITY 1:
On a sketching paper / drawing sheet, draw the three orthographic views
(FRONT, TOP, and SIDE) to describe the following part.
- USE A SCALE OF 1:2.5
- FOLLOW THIRD ANGLE PROJECTION SYSTEM.
- LEAVE A GAP OF APPROXIMATELY 50 MM BETWEEN VIEWS. THIS IS REQUIRED
FOR PLACING DIMENSIONS.
- FULLY DIMENSION THE VIEWS.
- THE ARROW INDICATES THE DIRECTION OF FRONT VIEW.
- ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETRES.
- The drawing shall be complete in all aspects, including the title block.
ACTIVITY 2:
Create an AutoCAD drawing of the following figure. Dont worry about dimensioning
the drawing.
Some suggestions:
1. Open a new file (metric drawing template - acadiso.dwt).
2. Create two layers object and centre.
3. Draw two concentric circles - 48 mm 124 mm.
4. Draw horizontal and vertical centre lines passing through the centre of the
circles.
5. Now draw two concentric circles 28 and R26 at point A, as shown in the
following image.
13. The objects that you have created using ARRAY command are inserted as a
BLOCK. EXPLODE THEM BEFORE PROCEEDING AHEAD.
Type EXPLODE and press ENTER.
Click the two circles (28 & R26) and press ENTER.
15. Use TRIM command to get rid of the unwanted sections. If TRIM doesnt work,
redo EXPLODE. The circles must be ungrouped before you can use TRIM.
ACTIVITY 3:
Redraw the following Figure in AutoCAD. Dont worry about dimensioning the
drawing. Use a metric drawing template - acadiso.dwt.
- Use FILLET command to create the round ends of the slot 40.
- UCSICON COMMAND IS USED TO TURN THE UCS ICON ON / OFF. TRY IT !!!!
ACTIVITY 4:
Redraw the following Figure in AutoCAD. Dont worry about dimensioning the
drawing. Use a metric drawing template - acadiso.dwt.
Complete this activity without getting any help. This is a good self-
assessment exercise. Redo the previous weeks GLAs if you face
difficulties in completing it independently.
As shown in Figure 5a, construct half portion (upper or lower), and then use MIRROR
command to complete the drawing. Follow the following command sequence:
GET YOUR LAB WORK CHECKED BY LAB TUTORS BEFORE YOU LEAVE
THE LAB.
NOTE:
To get participation marks, you must complete the GLAs during your registered lab
session in the relevant week.
Emailed GLAs do not attract any marks.
The figures, orthogonal views and dimensioning elements in this document are NOT TO
SCALE.
Page | 2
ACTIVITY 1:
Download and complete the dimensioning tutorial. This is located in the
folder titled GLAs - WEEK 4.
ACTIVITY 2:
Create an AutoCAD drawing of the object shown in Figure A1. The drawing
should include the following views in third-angle projection.
- a FRONT view,
- a SIDE view,
- a TOP view
ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETRES.
THE ARROW INDICATES THE DIRECTION OF FRONT VIEW.
For this activity, dimensioning the drawing is not required.
SUGGESTED PROCEDURE:
1. Open a new drawing file.
2. Create layers for different line types (object, hidden, centrelines,
dimension, and construction lines) and name them accordingly. Try
selecting dark colours as it would ensure that lines on your printed
drawings are legible.
3. The selected line types and line weights shall conform to Australian
drawing standards for an A4 drawing sheet. Use the following line types:
- Type A for object/visible lines
- Type B for dimension lines
- Type G for centre lines
- Type F for hidden lines
4. Use XL command to draw horizontal and vertical construction lines passing
through (0, 0). These lines will serve as your construction lines.
8. If you like, use TRIM command to get rid of any unwanted portions of the
construction lines.
12. Import the dimensioning style MECHANICAL into this file. This can be
done using the AutoCAD Design Centre (ADC). Refer to the explanation
placed after Activity # 3 in this document.
14. Use DCE to add the centre lines to the circular views of the three holes.
15. The centre lines in the longitudinal views (hidden views in this case) of the
holes will be added manually. These lines shall be extended beyond the
object lines by approximately 5 to 6 mm.
16. Save the file. Dont worry about adding the dimensions.
ACTIVITY 3:
Create an AutoCAD drawing of the object shown in Figure A3. Draw the
following views in third-angle projection:
a FRONT view
a SIDE view
a TOP view
Dimensioning: Use the dimensioning style that you have created in the
previous activity. You can IMPORT the MECHANICAL dimensioning style
into this file via AutoCAD design centre (ADC). This is demonstrated in the
following section.
You can use Auto-hide feature to hide the DesignCenter. It wont display once you
move the cursor outside the DesignCenter window.
Your screen should be similar to the one shown in the following image.
Double-clicking the DimStyles will display the MECHANICAL style that was
created in activity 2. You can load this style by double clicking. This is available in
your current drawing file now. Similarly, you can re-use any of the other available
features, such as layers, blocks, and layouts.
A USEFUL TIP!
Create a master file that contains layers, dimension styles, title blocks, layouts,
and other drawing elements that are configured according to Australian
drawing standards. Then, access these features using ADC.
The tutorial is also available in imperial units in the book titled AutoCAD
2012 Tutor for Engineering Graphics by Alan J. Kalameja.
3-2
PREPARATION
Download the file Dimensioning tutorial.dwg and save it to your hard
drive.
Open the file
You can also activate the above commands using toolbars and menus.
STEP 1:
Type D, and press enter. Click the New button. In the New Style Name area
enter MECHANICAL, and click the Continue button, as shown below.
STEP 2:
Make the following changes in the Lines tab, as shown in the following Figure:
Switch to the Symbols and Arrows tab and make the changes, as shown in
following image.
Arrow size 2
Centre marks Line
STEP 3:
Switch to the Text tab and make the following changes:
Text placement
Vertical Above (it will place the text above the dimension
line)
Horizontal Centred
Text alignment Horizontal
View direction Left-to-Right
Offset from dim line 1
Click the Primary Units tab and make the following changes.
Precision 2 decimal places
Decimal separator Period
Zero Suppression Put checks against leading & Trailing. This will remove the
leading and trailing zeros for dimension values.
SCALE factor. This setting controls the value of the dimension shown on the
drawing. Selecting a factor of 2 will multiply the dimension values by 2.
Click the Tolerances tab to view the available options. No changes are required
for this tutorial. Observe the change in the appearance of the dimension values
when you change the Method in the tolerance format area. The available
methods are:
- Symmetrical
- Deviation
- Limits
- Basic
STEP 4:
When diameter or radius dimensions are added, centre marks are placed
automatically. In this tutorial, well add the centre lines separately. Therefore,
we need to make some changes in our dimension style to avoid placing the
centre marks when adding diameters or radius dimensions.
Click the New button, and then select diameter dimensions from the Use for
drop down menu. Click the Continue button.
In the Symbols and Arrows tab, select None in the Centre marks area, as
shown in the following image.
Click the Fit tab and un-check the Draw dim line between ext lines.
STEP 5:
In the Dimension Style Manager dialog box, click MECHANICAL in the Styles
area. Then click the Set Current button to make MECHANICAL the current
dimension style. Click the Close button.
STEP 6:
Start placing the center marks to identify centres of all circular features in the
TOP view.
STEP 7:
Type QDIM (for quick dimensioning), and press ENTER
Select points A through F and press ENTER (click the end points of vertical lines)
Type b, and press ENTER (Baseline dimensioning)
Type P and press ENTER (datumPoint this define the datum piont)
Click on point A (OBJECT SNAP must be ON to select the end point A.)
NOTE: The steps in blue are peformed to identify a new base point (datumPoint) in
order for your dimensions to match the schematic.
STEP 8:
Type DIMLINEAR (or DLI), and press Enter to place the 15 vertical dimension,
as shown on the left in the following Figure.
Use DIMCONTINUE (or DCO) command to place the next dimension in-line
with the previous dimension, as shown in the middle in the following image.
Then, use DLI to place the 35 vertical dimension, as shown on the right in the
following image.
STEP 9:
Use the QDIM command and select the lines A through C in the following
image. If required, change the dimensioning style to baseline. You may have to
identify a new base point (datumPoint) in order for your dimension to match the
schematic (Refer to step 7).
Then use DIMANGULAR (or DAN) to place the 61 dimension in the
following Figure.
STEP 10:
Use ZOOM, and then extent option to display both the FRONT and TOP views.
Then use DIMDIAMETER (or DDI) to place the two diameter dimensions, as
shown in the Figure below.
STEP 11:
Place 15 diameter dimension using the DDI command.
STEP 12:
Since there are three holes of 15, use DDEDIT ( or ED) command to edit this
dimension value.
Enter ED and then click 15 dimension. A text dialogue box will be displayed.
Begin typing 3X to signify three holes of the same size.
STEP 13:
There is one more dimension that needs to be added to the Top view: 6 width of
the rib. Unfortunately, because of the placement of this dimension, extension
lines will be drawn on top of the objects lines. This is poor practice. To
overcome this, a dimension override will be created. Enter D to activate the
dimension style manager and click override.
In the Lines tab, place checks in the boxes to Suppress Ext line 1 and Ext line 2
in the extension line area. Click OK and then click Close.
STEP 14:
Use DLI to place the dimension. Use grips to match the location of the text, as
shown below.
STEP 15:
The completed Top view should look like the following image.
STEP 16:
Now the FRONT view will be dimensioned.
STEP 17:
Activate the Dimension Style Manager. Click MECHANICAL and then click Set
Current. A warning will be displayed. Click OK to discard the style overrides
because now we need to have extension lines.
STEP 18:
Use the DLI command to place the 40 & 30 diameter and 30 vertical
dimensions, as shown.
Also place the 45 angular dimension. Type DAN and then click the relevant
lines.
STEP 19:
Use QDIM to place the following vertical dimensions.
STEP 20:
The two diameter dimensions (40 & 30) in the Front view need a diameter
symbol. Use the ED command to activate the text box, and then select the
diameter symbol, as shown in the following image.
STEP 21:
Remove gaps between the extension lines and centre lines.
STEP 22:
Add the following notes using DTEXT command. The text height is 2.5.
ALL DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETRES
SAVE THE FILE. YOU WILL NEED THIS FOR THE NEXT ACTIVITIES.
SOURCE:
AutoCAD 2012 Tutor for Engineering Graphics by Alan J. Kalameja.
Click this
Geometric Dimensioning and
Tolerancing (GDT) Symbols
Click this
Geometric Dimensioning and
Tolerancing (GDT) Symbols
Make sure
that GDT
is selected
here.
GET YOUR LAB WORK CHECKED BY LAB TUTORS BEFORE YOU LEAVE
THE LAB.
NOTE:
To get participation marks, you must complete the GLAs during your registered lab
session in the relevant week.
Emailed GLAs do not attract any marks.
The figures, orthogonal views and dimensioning elements in this document are NOT TO
SCALE.
P a g e |2
ACTIVITY 1:
Download and complete the layout tutorial. It is located in the folder titled
GLAs Week 5.
ACTIVITY 2:
Open a new file (metric drawing template - acadiso.dwt).
Create an AutoCAD drawing of the object shown in Figure A1. Draw the
following views in third-angle projection:
- a half sectional FRONT view from A
- a SIDE view,
- If required, draw a TOP view.
SUGGESTED PROCEDURE
1. Decide the placement of the required orthographic views.
4. Follow the procedure (on the next page) for adding the
sectioning lines to the FRONT view:
6. Add a CUTTING PLANE line to the relevant view (SIDE view in this
case). For more details, refer to page 5 of this document.
NOTE: If not specified, the SIDE view refers to the RIGHT SIDE view.
For correct indication of cutting plane line and sectioning lines, see next page
Type ADC and press ENTER to launch the AutoCAD Design Centre. Then, follow
the below steps to print your drawing.
Page |8
ACTIVITY 4 (Optional):
Open a new file (metric drawing template - acadiso.dwt).
Create an AutoCAD drawing of the object shown in Figure A1. Draw the
following views in third-angle projection:
- a sectional FRONT view on A-A
- a SIDE view from B
- a TOP view
FULLY DIMENSION THE VIEWS. USE A SCALE OF 1:1
ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETRES.
COMPONENT MATERIAL: CAST IRON
SECTIONAL VIEW
a. Create the three views. This time, the FRONT view will be a full sectional
view.
b. Imagine that the half of the object has been removed and you view the
object from A. The cutting plane line A-A shows the location of the
imaginary saw.
c. The surfaces sliced by the cutting plane need to be cross-hatched (there
are some exceptions check the lecture notes).
d. Add the sectioning (hatching) lines see the next page.
e. Add a CUTTING PLANE line to the relevant view (either SIDE or TOP).
HATCHING
MODEL SPACE:
This is the area that you have been using for creating your drawings since the
start of this unit.
Model space describes the area where you create all of the geometry that
represents two-dimensional and three-dimensional models (Full size) of objects.
Model space is displayed when you first start a drawing.
PAPER SPACE:
Paper space is a layout that refers to the sheet on which you plan to plot your
drawing. Paper space is recognised by the right-angle triangle symbol in the
lower-left corner.
Paper Space is used to manipulate views of the geometry that was created in
Model Space, NOT the geometry. There can be as many different layouts as
required all of which are saved within the same drawing. The views
(drawing) can be shown at any SCALE.
VIEWPORTS
Viewports are used for displaying different views of an object using different
scales. Similarly, viewports are very useful when you want to show pictorial
drawings and orthographic projections organised on the same page. VPORTS
command is used to create separate viewports in Model Space.
You can select the required number of viewports; however, the style of
viewports, created in the Model Space, cannot be edited/changed by the user.
NOTE:
Single viewport is the default AutoCAD option when you
open a new drawing.
The rectangular area is the viewport. Clicking the view shows the grips that can
be used to resize the viewport.
Double clicking inside the viewport activates the Floating Model Space.
All AutoCAD functions and commands can be accessed here.
BLOCKS
Blocks are groups of entities (i.e. drawing elements) saved as a single unit.
Blocks are used to save the shapes, such as nuts, bolts, washers, resistors,
transistors, and diodes that are used frequently when creating drawings. The
following commands are used when creating and inserting blocks:
You can also activate these dialogue boxes using Daw Toolbar, Palette and Pull-
Down Menu. The Block Definition Box is shown below.
ATTRIBUTES
Attributes are text labels added to a block that prompt the drafter to enter
information to the drawing. The text label is called a tag and can contain any
information.
CREATING AN A3 LAYOUT
STEP 1:
Open a new drawing file (acadiso.dwt) and create the required layers.
Refer to the GLAs for week 4 and use AutoCAD Centre and import the
Mechanical Dimensioning Style into this file. Set it current. You can do it later
if you dont have your Dimensioning Style file with you.
STEP 2:
Create the following layers. Refer to lecture notes (week 1) for line types and
weights for BORDER lines and Title block lines.
STEP 3:
Use RECTANGLE (or REC) command to draw a rectangular frame. You can
specify (0, 0) as the first corner of the rectangle. For the other corner, refer to
lecture notes (week 1) and find the frame size for an A3 sheet.
STEP 4:
Type ZOOM and press ENTER. Then type E (for extent) and press Enter.
STEP 5:
Create a title block, as shown below. Get the title block specifications from
lecture notes.
STEP 6:
Now, we will assign attributes to the title block. Enter ATTDEF to activate the
Attribute Definition Dialogue Box.
You can also activate it using the INSERT menu, as shown in the following
image.
Tag: COMPANY_NAME
Prompt: What is the name of the company?
Default: ABC ENGINEERING AND MANUFACTURING
Text Height: 3.5
Justification: Left
(NOTE: The text shall be placed on the layer defined for Line Type B.)
Press OK. It will take you to the drawing area. Pick a point inside the title-block
cell designated for company name, as shown below.
Define the next attribute. Activate the Attribute Dialogue Box, as shown in the
following image. Make the following changes.
Tag: DRAWING_TITLE
Prompt: What is the name of the drawing?
Default: UNMANED
Text Height: 5
Justification: Left
Now, we will attach tags to DRAWN BY, DATE, CHECKED BY, and
APPROVED BY cells. Activate the Attribute Dialogue Box and enter the
information, as shown in the following Figure.
The completed title block should be similar to one shown in the following
image.
CREATING A BLOCK
STEP 7:
Type BLOCK (or B), and press Enter to activate the Block Definition Dialogue
box
STEP 8:
Type A3 layout in the Name box (Block name may contain up to 31 characters).
STEP 9:
Click the Select Objects box.
STEP 10:
Select the objects (type ALL and press Enter)
STEP 11:
Press Enter again. The Block Definition Dialogue Box will appear on your
screen.
STEP 12:
Click Pick point. Pick point A (the lower-left corner of the frame), as shown
below.
STEP 13:
Press OK. The following dialogue box will be displayed.
STEP 14:
Press OK to accept the default values. Try selecting any of the objects on your
screen. You will notice that all entities have been converted into a block.
STEP 15:
Erase the title block, layout and its contents (e.g. text etc). You dont need this as
you have saved it as a block.
STEP 16:
Type LAYOUTWIZARD and press ENTER.
STEP 17:
Check ATTDIA variable setting. Type ATTDIA and press Enter. Its value
should be set to 1. This allows entering the attribute data using a dialogue box.
STEP 18:
Type INSERT (or I) to activate the insert dialogue box.
STEP 19:
Select A3 Layout in the Name box
STEP 20:
Press OK
STEP 21:
The INSERT Dialogue Box reappears
STEP 22:
Select OK.
The A3 Layout block will appear on the screen with its insertion point aligned
with the cursor. The layout will move as you move the crosshairs. Move the
cursor until the layout appears about centred in the dotted line and
click the left mouse button to insert it at that position.
Double clicking any of the title-block entities will display the following
window. You can enter the value for the tags, as shown below. Just enter some
random value for each variable and press OK.
You can also change the entered information by double clicking in the title
block again.
STEP 23:
We need to add a viewport so that we can view our drawings in the recently
created layout. Create a layer named ViewPort as shown in the following
images.
STEP 24:
Click the printer icon to disable printing of ViewPort layer as shown below.
This will prevent the viewport outline printed on your drawings.
STEP 25:
Double click the ViewPort layer to make it current.
STEP 26:
Type VPORTS and press ENTER
STEP 27:
Select Single and press OK.
STEP 28:
Pick points A and B on your screen. If required, you can resize this viewport
later.
STEP 29 (optional):
Follow the above steps and create layouts for A4 and A2 drawing sheets.
STEP 30:
Save the file as My Layouts.
NOTE:
Using AutoCAD Design Centre (ADC), you can
import the Mechanical Dimensioning Style into
this file and then use the file as a template for
your drawings.
GET YOUR LAB WORK CHECKED BY LAB TUTORS BEFORE YOU LEAVE
THE LAB.
NOTE:
To get participation marks, you must complete the GLAs during your registered lab
session in the relevant week.
Emailed GLAs do not attract any marks.
The figures, orthogonal views and dimensioning elements in this document are NOT TO
SCALE.
Page |2
ACTIVITY 1:
Open a new file (metric drawing template - acadiso.dwt).
Draw the necessary views, including a FRONT view from A, a TOP view and a
partial auxiliary view, to describe the object shown in Figure A1.
NOTE:
For information on auxiliary views, refer to the lecture notes.
NOTE:
Your centre lines / hidden lines may appear as continuous lines on your screen. Type LTS,
press ENTER and then change the scale to 0.5. If needed, you can change it further.
ACTIVITY 2:
Open a new file (metric drawing template - acadiso.dwt).
Draw the following views of the object shown in Figure A4:
A sectional FRONT view on A-A,
A SIDE view from B.
A TOP view.
For the given hole of M5, we assume a pitch of 1 mm (i.e. M5 x 1). Therefore,
we can use 5 as the major diameter and 3 as the minor diameter.
NOTE:
It is just a simplified representation of threads (not the actual drawing of the
threads).
FRONT VIEW:
As the FRONT view is a sectional view, the M5 hole will be represented as
shown in the following image.
TOP VIEW:
The M5 hole is not visible from TOP. In this case, both diameters will be
indicated using line type F, as illustrated in the following image.
NOTE: The values of the major and minor diameters remain the same in all of
the views.
You can use one of these views to add the M5 dimension. This is explained
below:
NOTE:
Follow one of the above styles. The same dimension must not be repeated on
the drawing.
On drawings, it can be indicated using either of the methods shown in the following
images:
STEP 1:
Use AutoCAD design (ADC) centre and import the MECHANICAL dimensioning
style into your current drawing. If not sure about how to use ADC, refer to week-4 GLAs.
STEP 2:
Type D and press ENTER.
In the Dimension Style Manager dialog box, click MECHANICAL in the Styles area.
Then click the Set Current button to make MECHANICAL the current dimension
style. Click the Close button.
STEP 3:
Add all of the given dimensions to your drawing.
STEP 4:
Type D, and press enter. Click the New button. In the New Style Name area enter
TOLERANCES, and click the Continue button, as shown below.
STEP 5:
Make the changes, as shown in the following image.
Click CLOSE.
STEP 6:
Click the 30 dimension. Then RIGHT click on your screen and select the
TOLERANCES under Dim Style. It will add the size limits as shown in the following
image.
NOTE:
To get participation marks, you must complete the GLAs during your registered lab
session in the relevant week.
Emailed GLAs do not attract any marks.
Page 2
Polar Tracking
In this tutorial, we will locate the centre of the polygon using the following
commands/tools:
Polar tracking
ONSAP Extension mode
SNAP overrides
Temporary Tracking Point
STEP 1:
Download and open the file Polar tracking.dwg.
Check that the followings buttons on the status bar are ON.
STEP 2:
STEP 3:
Acquire point P by moving your cursor, as shown in the following image.
STEP 4:
Now move your cursor to acquire point Q, as illustrated in the following image.
STEP 5:
Move your cursor to get the point where both temporary tracking points meet,
as shown below. This is a point that we will use as a temporary track point to
locate the centre of the polygon. DO NOT PICK THE POINT AT THIS
LOCATION.
STEP 6:
Right click anywhere on your screen and select the Temporary track point, as
shown in the following image. Now pick the point A, as shown in the image.
STEP 7:
Move your cursor up and enter 200
Type C to select Circumscribed option
Specify radius of circle 100
The final output should match the following image.
AutoCAD Commands
PEDIT Command
A ployline can assume various features such as linetype and width. PEDIT is
used to edit polylines to attain the desired characteristics. The following
example explains one of the functions of PEDIT. We will use this command to
convert an object into a closed polyline.
EXAMPLE:
Open an AutoCAD file and draw a triangle using Line command.
Currently, this triangle is composed of three line segments, which are entities of
this object. These entities can be transformed into a single entity using PEDIT
command.
The triangle has been converted into a single entity now. Try selecting it!
EXPLODE command
This command is used to split compound objects such as polylines, blocks,
regions and 3D solids into the basic entities that make them up. Try exploding
the above triangle! Type EXPLODE and then select the triangle.
BOUNDARY Command
This command is used to create a polyline around any enclosed shape. It is very
similar to the method used for defining a hatch boundary. When BOUNDARY
command is activated, AutoCAD displays the boundary creation dialogue box,
as shown below.
EXAMPLE:
Open an AutoCAD file and create the layers OBJECT and PLINE (select
different colours).
Use Line command to draw a closed shape on the OBJECT layer, as shown in
the following image.
This shape consists of five line segments. We will use boundary command to
create a boundary around the object this would create another object. The
original object would remain unchanged.
Draw a circle of 50. The centre of the circle is located at midpoint on the
diagonal.
Analysing 2D Drawings
The results generated by these commands are provided in the text window.
Some of the above commands will switch the AutoCAD to text mode. You can
close the text window to return to the graphical mode. Alternatively, you can
use the following commands to toggle between graphical drawing and text
modes:
GRAPHSCR switches to graphical mode
TEXTSCR switches to text mode.
EXAMPLE 1:
Open an AutoCAD file and draw a rectangle (200 x 100), as shown below.
The following results will be displayed in the text window on your screen.
EXAMPLE 2:
There are situations when you may wish to calculate the area of a shape with
holes cut through it. This is explained in this example.
Type AREA
Specify first corner point or [Object/Add/Subtract]: O (for object)
Select objects: select the circle
Now we will measure the area of the rectangle excluding the area of the circle.
Use PEDIT command to convert the rectangle into a polyline.
Command: PEDIT
Select polyline or [Multiple]: M
Select objects: select all the sides of the rectangle
Convert Lines and Arcs to polylines [Yes/No]? <Y> Y
Enter an option [Close/Open/Join/Width/Fit/gen/Undo]: J
Enter fuzz distance or [Jointype] <0.0000>: press enter
Enter an option [Close/Open/Join/Width/Fit/Spline/Decurve/Ltype
gen/Undo]: press enter
Command: AREA
Specify first corner point or [Object/Add/Subtract]: A (for ADD)
Specify first corner point or [Object/Subtract]: O (for object)
(ADD mode) Select objects: select the rectangle
(ADD mode) Select objects: press enter exit ADD mode
Specify first corner point or [Object/Subtract]: S (for subtract)
Specify first corner point or [Object/Add]: O (for object)
(SUBTRACT mode) Select objects: select the circle
(SUBTRACT mode) Select objects: press enter to exit the subtract mode
Specify first corner point or [Object/Add]: press enter to exit AREA command
Command: DI
DIST Specify first point: select the corners 1 and 3
The ID Command
This command is used to obtain the current absolute coordinates of the selected
point. Follow the following command sequence to locate the centre of the circle,
as shown in the following image.
Command: ID
Specify point: CEN
select the circle
Repeat this to locate the following: midpoints (MID) and end points (END) of
the four line segments.
For example, activating the LIST command and then selecting the circle will
yield the following information about the circle.
DBLIST Command
These command lists information pertaining to the objects in a drawing. Using
these commands will display the following information:
NOTE:
- You need to press F2 to view the information in the text window.
- The information is about the rectangle and the circle. The rectangle consists
of four line segments. Depending on the location and type of the objects, you
may get different information displayed on your screen.
The QC Command
This command displays a calculator for performing mathematical calculations.
EXERCISE:
DRAWING ANALYSIS
Download and open the file Drawing analysis.dwg. Use the relevant
commands to determine:
- The area of each element on this drawing
- The net area of the shape
- The length of the diagonal of the triangle
- The location of the centre of circles
- The location of midpoints of the sides of the triangle
- The location of end points of the sides of the polygon
- Details pertaining to the circle
- List down details of all entities of this drawing
Youll be able to finish the tutorials in less than 1.5 hours. Utilize the
remaining time to create your project drawings.
GET YOUR LAB WORK CHECKED BY LAB TUTORS BEFORE YOU LEAVE
THE LAB.
NOTE:
To get participation marks, you must complete the GLAs during your registered lab
session in the relevant week.
Emailed GLAs do not attract any marks.
The figures, orthogonal views and dimensioning elements in this document are NOT TO
SCALE.
Page |2
EXAMPLE:
An assembly drawing of a CRANE HOOK is shown below. This explains how
different parts of an assembly are labelled using numbers and balloons. Also, see the
directions of sectioning lines. Alternate directions are used for parts of the crane
hook assembly.
1 Cecil H. Jensen and J.D. Helsel, Interpreting Engineering Drawings. 7th ed. 2007: Thomson Delmar Learning.
ACTIVITY:
Open a new file (metric drawing template - acadiso.dwt).
Details of a shaft mounting assembly are shown in Figure 2. Prepare a general
assembly drawing with parts list. This should be a full sectional assembly drawing.
a. Decide the FRONT view. This should be the one that is most descriptive view of
the entire product.
b. Start with the MOUNTING BASE. Draw its FRONT view.
c. Superimpose the FRONT of BUSH on the FRONT view of MOUNTING BASE.
The BUSH should be inserted fully.
Usually, tolerances are provided on the relevant sizes to ensure a particular type of fit,
such as interference or clearance, between mating components. This topic will be covered
in one of the design related units.
Repeat the above step for SHAFT. The SHAFT should be inserted fully.
d. If necessary, draw more views (e.g. TOP and/or SIDE). More views are only
needed if the FRONT is not showing all the parts and their relationship with each
other.
NOTE:
1. As shown in the Figure above, alternate directions of sectioning lines are
used for parts in an assembly.
2. Section lines are drawn in the same direction when the same component
is cross-hatched.
3. There are certain components that are not cross-hatched in the sectional
views of assemblies. For details, refer to lecture notes on sectional views.
4. Similarly, flat features like webs, ribs, and gear tooth are not cross-
hatched. This is done to avoid false impression of thickness and solidity (see
lecture notes on sectional views).
NOTE:
Parts labelling, and creating table should be done in paperspace.
GET YOUR LAB WORK CHECKED BY LAB TUTORS BEFORE YOU LEAVE
THE LAB.
NOTE:
To get participation marks, you must complete the GLAs during your registered lab
session in the relevant week.
Emailed GLAs do not attract any marks.
The figures, orthogonal views and dimensioning elements in this document are NOT TO
SCALE.
ACTIVITY 1:
Download and complete the solid modelling tutorial.
SUGGESTED PROCEDURE
There are several ways to constructing this model. The following procedure will be helpful
in learning some more 3D commands / functions.
1. Construct the base
a. BOX command
- Length (62)
- Width (44)
- Height (14)
b. CYLINDER
- Centre (use M2P option to locate the centre)
- Diameter (44)
- Height (14)
c. Use 3DALIGN command to join the box and wedge. For 3DALIGN command,
refer to the document titled, 3D Modelling commands on Blackboard.
4. UNION
For detailed description of commands, refer to the following book, which is the
source of this tutorial.
The book also provides a very comprehensive explanation of each and every step of
the solid modelling process. Note that the original tutorial is in imperial units.
Source: ALAN J. KALAMEJA, AutoCAD 2012 Tutor for Engineering Graphics, Thomson Learning
The purpose of this tutorial is to construct a solid model of an object using the
dimensions indicated on its 2D orthographic projections as shown in the following
the image.
TUTORIAL PREPARATION
NAME: Model
Colour: Cyan
Linetype: Continuous
STEP 1:
Set the Model layer current.
Use the dimensions in the TOP view and draw the three circles, as shown
below.
Perform a ZOOM All.
STEPS 2 & 3:
Draw lines tangent to the three circles. Perform trimming operation so your
image will appear similar to the following figure.
STEP 4:
Get ready to build the base by viewing the object in 3D. Select SE Isometric
option from the drop-down menu, as illustrated below. You display should
match the orientation shown in following image.
Select Wireframe (it is 3D wireframe shown below) from this drop-down menu
Select SE ISOMETRIC
STEP 5:
Use Join option of PEDIT and covert all objects to a polyline.
STEP 6:
Type EXTRUDE and press ENTER
Select the object and press ENTER
Type 15 and press ENTER
STEP 7:
The following command sequence will create a cylinder using CYLINDER
command.
Type CYLINDER and press ENTER
Type 0,0,0 and press ENTER (This defines the centre of the cylinder)
Enter 60 as diameter
Enter 55 as the height
Perform ZOOM-ALL to display all the objects.
STEP 8:
Use the following command sequence to merge the base and cylinder:
Type UNION and press ENTER
Select the base and cylinder
Press ENTER
STEP 9:
Now, well create the 40 hole inside the cylinder. Create a cylinder with
following specifications:
- Centre of the cylinder 0,0,0
- Diameter 40
- Height 55
STEP 10:
Use SUBTRACT command to cut the hole through the outer cylinder.
Type SUBTRACT and press ENTER
Select the base as the source object and press ENTER
Select the inner cylinder as the object to subtract and press ENTER
Type HIDE and press ENTER. Your display should be similar to the
following illustration.
STEP 11:
Type REGEN and press ENTER. This will regenerate your screen and return
to 2D Wireframe model. Now, create two 20 holes using CYLINDER and
SUBTRACT commands. The Centre option of OSNAP will be used to place
the cylinders at the centre of arcs A and B, as shown in the image below.
STEP 12:
SUBRACT the cylinders from the base. Use HIDE command to view the
results, as illustrated in the figure below.
STEP 13:
It is the time to construct the rectangular slot that will pass through the two
cylinders. BOX command with Centre option will be used to complete this
task. Use the following specifications for creating the box:
Centre of box 0,0,55
Length 80
Width 20
Height - 15 (negative value)
STEP 14:
Create the slot using SUBTRACT command. Use base as your source object
and box as the object to subtract.
STEP 15:
Change the facet resolution using the FACETRES system variable. Try using
a value of 5 and performing a hidden line removal operation (HIDE). The
model appearance will be similar to the following image.
Now try visualising the object using different options, such as realistic, conceptual
and 3D Hidden, as shown below:
GET YOUR LAB WORK CHECKED BY LAB TUTORS BEFORE YOU LEAVE
THE LAB.
NOTE:
To get participation marks, you must complete the GLAs during your registered lab
session in the relevant week.
Emailed GLAs do not attract any marks.
The figures, orthogonal views and dimensioning elements in this document are NOT TO
SCALE.
ACTIVITY 1:
Download and complete the 3D ROTATE tutorial.
ACTIVITY 2:
Create a 3D model of the object shown in Figure 1.
PRIMITIVES 1 & 2:
a. BOX command
- Length (38)
- Width (64)
- Height (19)
b. CYLINDER
- Centre (use M2P option to locate the centre)
- Diameter
- Height
PRIMITIVE 4:
Use WEDGE command to create it
- Length (51)
- Width (38)
- Height (51)
PRIMITIVE 5:
Use BOX command
- Length (51)
- Width (38)
- Height (13)
This tutorial will help you use 3DROTATE command to re-orient solid shapes to
construct a solid model, as shown in the following Figure.
SOURCE: ALAN J. KALAMEJA, AUTOCAD 2012 TUTOR FOR ENGINEERING GRAPHICS, THOMSON LEARNING
CONCEPT MODELING
Dragging Basic Shapes
SOURCE: ALAN J. KALAMEJA, AUTOCAD 2012 TUTOR FOR ENGINEERING GRAPHICS, THOMSON LEARNING
CONCEPT MODELING
For example:
1. Construction of a solid block using the box command.
2. First view your model in one of the many 3D viewing
positions, such as SE (Southeast) Isometric.
3. Next enter the box command and pick first and second
corner points for the box on the screen.
4. When prompted for the height of the box, move your
cursor up and notice the box increasing in height
SOURCE: ALAN J. KALAMEJA, AUTOCAD 2012 TUTOR FOR ENGINEERING GRAPHICS, THOMSON LEARNING
CONCEPT MODELING
Using Dynamic UCS to Construct on Faces
1. Turn on DUCS, and when prompted for the base or center point,
hover your cursor over the face. The face will highlight (the edge will
appear dashed) to indicate that it has been acquired.
2. When you click a point on this face for the start of the cylinder, the
UCS icon changes to reflect this change and the base of the cylinder
can be seen. Pick a point to specify the radius.
3. To specify the height of the cylinder, simply drag your cursor away
from the face and you will notice the cylinder taking shape
SOURCE: ALAN J. KALAMEJA, AUTOCAD 2012 TUTOR FOR ENGINEERING GRAPHICS, THOMSON LEARNING
CONCEPT MODELING
Using Grips to Modify Solid Models
The grips that appear on solid primitives, range in shape from
squares to arrows.
You can perform an edit operation by selecting either the square or
arrow shapes
SOURCE: ALAN J. KALAMEJA, AUTOCAD 2012 TUTOR FOR ENGINEERING GRAPHICS, THOMSON LEARNING
CONCEPT MODELING
Using Grips to Modify Solid Models
Key Grip Locations
SOURCE: ALAN J. KALAMEJA, AUTOCAD 2012 TUTOR FOR ENGINEERING GRAPHICS, THOMSON LEARNING
CONCEPT MODELING
Using Grips to Modify Solid Models
Key Grip Locations
SOURCE: ALAN J. KALAMEJA, AUTOCAD 2012 TUTOR FOR ENGINEERING GRAPHICS, THOMSON LEARNING
CONCEPT MODELING
Using Grips to Modify Solid Models
SOURCE: ALAN J. KALAMEJA, AUTOCAD 2012 TUTOR FOR ENGINEERING GRAPHICS, THOMSON LEARNING
CONCEPT MODELING
Using Grips to Modify Solid Models
SOURCE: ALAN J. KALAMEJA, AUTOCAD 2012 TUTOR FOR ENGINEERING GRAPHICS, THOMSON LEARNING
CONCEPT MODELING
Manipulating Sub-objects
A sub-object is any part of a solid. It could be a face, an edge, or
a vertex (corner).
Pressing the ctrl key will allow you to select a sub-object
If you accidentally select a sub-object, press ctrl + shift and pick it
again to deselect it.
A 3D box
and pyramid.
SOURCE: ALAN J. KALAMEJA, AUTOCAD 2012 TUTOR FOR ENGINEERING GRAPHICS, THOMSON LEARNING
CONCEPT MODELING
Manipulating Sub-objects
Once a sub-object is selected, click on the grip to activate the grip
Stretch, Move, Rotate, Scale, and Mirror modes
You can drag your cursor to a new location or enter a direct distance
value from the keyboard
SOURCE: ALAN J. KALAMEJA, AUTOCAD 2012 TUTOR FOR ENGINEERING GRAPHICS, THOMSON LEARNING
CONCEPT MODELING
Manipulating Sub-objects
Editing Sub-objects of a Solid Model
The same technique can be used to isolate a
primitive that is already consumed or made part of
a solid model.
This would allow you to edit a specific primitive
while leaving other primitives of the solid model
unselected
SOURCE: ALAN J. KALAMEJA, AUTOCAD 2012 TUTOR FOR ENGINEERING GRAPHICS, THOMSON LEARNING
CONCEPT MODELING
Adding Edges and Faces to a Solid Model
SOURCE: ALAN J. KALAMEJA, AUTOCAD 2012 TUTOR FOR ENGINEERING GRAPHICS, THOMSON LEARNING
CONCEPT MODELING
Adding Edges and Faces to a Solid Model
SOURCE: ALAN J. KALAMEJA, AUTOCAD 2012 TUTOR FOR ENGINEERING GRAPHICS, THOMSON LEARNING
CONCEPT MODELING
Adding Edges and Faces to a Solid Model
SOURCE: ALAN J. KALAMEJA, AUTOCAD 2012 TUTOR FOR ENGINEERING GRAPHICS, THOMSON LEARNING
CONCEPT MODELING
Pressing and Pulling Bounding Areas
An additional technique used for constructing solid models is
available to speed up the construction and modification processes.
The technique is called pressing and pulling, which can be
activated by entering the presspull command.
SOURCE: ALAN J. KALAMEJA, AUTOCAD 2012 TUTOR FOR ENGINEERING GRAPHICS, THOMSON LEARNING
EDITING SOLID
MODELS
Additional Methods for Editing Solid Models
3DMOVE
3DALIGN,
3DROTATE
MIRROR3D
3DARRAY
SOURCE: ALAN J. KALAMEJA, AUTOCAD 2012 TUTOR FOR ENGINEERING GRAPHICS, THOMSON LEARNING
3DMOVE
This tool displays the move grip tool, which displays
an axis for the purpose of moving objects a specified
direction and distance.
SOURCE: ALAN J. KALAMEJA, AUTOCAD 2012 TUTOR FOR ENGINEERING GRAPHICS, THOMSON LEARNING
3DMOVE
1. Activate 3DMOVE command and select the object.
2. Pick any convenient point to utilize as the base point for the
move. Object snap modes can be used to accomplish this task if
desired.
3. You then move your cursor over one of the three axis handles to
define the direction of the move.
4. As you hover over one of the handles, it will turn yellow and a
direction vector will display. Click on this axis handle to lock in the
direction vector.
SOURCE: ALAN J. KALAMEJA, AUTOCAD 2012 TUTOR FOR ENGINEERING GRAPHICS, THOMSON LEARNING
3DALIGN
The 3DALIGN Command
Located under 3D operations in the Modify pull-down
Line up source points with destination points to apply command
Use Object Snaps for accuracy
SOURCE: ALAN J. KALAMEJA, AUTOCAD 2012 TUTOR FOR ENGINEERING GRAPHICS, THOMSON LEARNING
3DALIGN
The 3DALIGN Command
When the three points are identified, the object moves
and aligns to the three points
The first destination point acts as a base point where
the object being aligned will lock
SOURCE: ALAN J. KALAMEJA, AUTOCAD 2012 TUTOR FOR ENGINEERING GRAPHICS, THOMSON LEARNING
3DALIGN
The 3DALIGN Command
Circular shapes only need two sets of source and
destination points to properly align shapes
SOURCE: ALAN J. KALAMEJA, AUTOCAD 2012 TUTOR FOR ENGINEERING GRAPHICS, THOMSON LEARNING
3DROTATE
The 3DROTATE Command
Uses rotation to position objects in 3D
A thorough understanding of the User Coordinate System
(UCS) is a must in operating this command
Run from the modify menu
SOURCE: ALAN J. KALAMEJA, AUTOCAD 2012 TUTOR FOR ENGINEERING GRAPHICS, THOMSON LEARNING
3DROTATE
The 3DROTATE Command
Object is rotated based on the current axis position
identified on the User Coordinate System
Use right hand rule of rotation
Positive rotation occurs as the fingers close on
the right hand, the thumb points toward the
positive axis direction
SOURCE: ALAN J. KALAMEJA, AUTOCAD 2012 TUTOR FOR ENGINEERING GRAPHICS, THOMSON LEARNING
3DROTATE
Example
The 3DROTATE Command
First, select the box at "A" as the object to rotate in 3D
Axis of rotation is based on the Y-Axis and will rotate to
a positive 90
A
A
SOURCE: ALAN J. KALAMEJA, AUTOCAD 2012 TUTOR FOR ENGINEERING GRAPHICS, THOMSON LEARNING
3DROTATE
The 3DROTATE Command
Rotate the other box based on the X-axis at 90
SOURCE: ALAN J. KALAMEJA, AUTOCAD 2012 TUTOR FOR ENGINEERING GRAPHICS, THOMSON LEARNING
3DROTATE
The 3DROTATE Command
Once the boxes are rotated to the correct angles,
they are moved into position using Object Snap
modes
Once moved, they are then joined to the model
using the UNION command
SOURCE: ALAN J. KALAMEJA, AUTOCAD 2012 TUTOR FOR ENGINEERING GRAPHICS, THOMSON LEARNING
MIRROR3D
The MIRROR3D Command
Similar to the mirror command for 2D this command
allows the objects to be mirrored on any axis
SOURCE: ALAN J. KALAMEJA, AUTOCAD 2012 TUTOR FOR ENGINEERING GRAPHICS, THOMSON LEARNING
3DARRAY
The 3DARRAY Command
Similar to the array command, accomplishes either
rectangular or polar arrays in 3D
2 axis or rotation points are selected for polar
Rectangular has rows columns and levels
SOURCE: ALAN J. KALAMEJA, AUTOCAD 2012 TUTOR FOR ENGINEERING GRAPHICS, THOMSON LEARNING
DETECTING INTERFERENCES OF
SOLID MODELS
The INTERFERE command
Will identify any interference and highlight the solid
models that overlap
Type INTERFERE and press ENTER
SOURCE: ALAN J. KALAMEJA, AUTOCAD 2012 TUTOR FOR ENGINEERING GRAPHICS, THOMSON LEARNING
DETECTING INTERFERENCES OF
SOLID MODELS
The INTERFERE command
Select first and second sets of solids. In each case, pick both pipes
separately.
Pressing enter at the end of the command sequence will change
the solid objects to a wireframe display to expose the areas of
the objects considered interfering with one another
SOURCE: ALAN J. KALAMEJA, AUTOCAD 2012 TUTOR FOR ENGINEERING GRAPHICS, THOMSON LEARNING
SLICING SOLID
MODELS
This command will create new solids from the
existing ones that are sliced. You can also
retain one or both halves of the sliced solid
SOURCE: ALAN J. KALAMEJA, AUTOCAD 2012 TUTOR FOR ENGINEERING GRAPHICS, THOMSON LEARNING
SLICING SOLID
MODELS
Slicing a solid requires some type of cutting plane
SOURCE: ALAN J. KALAMEJA, AUTOCAD 2012 TUTOR FOR ENGINEERING GRAPHICS, THOMSON LEARNING
SLICING SOLID
MODELS
Slicing a Solid with a Surface
A solid object can also be sliced by a surface.
A surface is created by performing a 3D operation such as extrusion
or revolution on an open object.
Once the surface is created, it is positioned inside of the 3D solid
model, where a slicing operation is performed
SOURCE: ALAN J. KALAMEJA, AUTOCAD 2012 TUTOR FOR ENGINEERING GRAPHICS, THOMSON LEARNING
SLICING SOLID
MODELS
Slicing a Solid with a Surface
With the newly created surface positioned inside of the solid block,
issue the slice command.
Pick the solid block as the object to slice and select the surface as
the slicing plane
You will also be prompted to select the portion of the solid to keep.
Here is where you pick the bottom of the solid
SOURCE: ALAN J. KALAMEJA, AUTOCAD 2012 TUTOR FOR ENGINEERING GRAPHICS, THOMSON LEARNING
SLICING SOLID
MODELS
Terrain Modeling
A unique type of solid model can be created when it is sliced by a
surface created using a lofting operation.
Four different splines have been applied to the edge faces of a solid
block.
Using the loft command, two splines are selected as cross sections
and the other two splines as guides or rails
SOURCE: ALAN J. KALAMEJA, AUTOCAD 2012 TUTOR FOR ENGINEERING GRAPHICS, THOMSON LEARNING
SLICING SOLID
MODELS
Terrain Modeling
With the surface created, activate the slice command,
Pick the solid block as the object to slice, select the surface as the
slicing plane
Pick the lower portion of the solid as the portion to keep
SOURCE: ALAN J. KALAMEJA, AUTOCAD 2012 TUTOR FOR ENGINEERING GRAPHICS, THOMSON LEARNING
The SOLIDEDIT Command
Once features such as holes, slots, and extrusions
are constructed in a solid model, there may come a
time to make changes to these features
Type SOLIDEDIT and press ENTER
Select the option
Face
Edge
Body editing
SOURCE: ALAN J. KALAMEJA, AUTOCAD 2012 TUTOR FOR ENGINEERING GRAPHICS, THOMSON LEARNING
The SOLIDEDIT Command
SOURCE: ALAN J. KALAMEJA, AUTOCAD 2012 TUTOR FOR ENGINEERING GRAPHICS, THOMSON LEARNING
The SOLIDEDIT Command
Extruding (Face editing)
Faces may be lengthened or shortened using the Extrude
option
A positive distance extrudes the face in the direction of its
normal.
A negative distance extrudes the face in the opposite
direction.
SOURCE: ALAN J. KALAMEJA, AUTOCAD 2012 TUTOR FOR ENGINEERING GRAPHICS, THOMSON LEARNING
The SOLIDEDIT Command
Moving (Face editing)
The two horizontal cylinders need to be moved 30 mm up
from their current location
The cylinders are first selected at "A" and "B using the
SOLIDEDIT command along with the Move option
SOURCE: ALAN J. KALAMEJA, AUTOCAD 2012 TUTOR FOR ENGINEERING GRAPHICS, THOMSON LEARNING
The SOLIDEDIT Command
Rotating (Face editing)
The triangular extrusion needs to be rotated 45 in
the clockwise direction
A B
SOURCE: ALAN J. KALAMEJA, AUTOCAD 2012 TUTOR FOR ENGINEERING GRAPHICS, THOMSON LEARNING
The SOLIDEDIT Command
SOURCE: ALAN J. KALAMEJA, AUTOCAD 2012 TUTOR FOR ENGINEERING GRAPHICS, THOMSON LEARNING
The SOLIDEDIT Command
Tapering (Face editing)
Tapers all selected sides of an object
Positive tapers like A
Negative tapers like B
SOURCE: ALAN J. KALAMEJA, AUTOCAD 2012 TUTOR FOR ENGINEERING GRAPHICS, THOMSON LEARNING
The SOLIDEDIT Command
Deleting (Face editing)
Select the hole at "A" as the face to erase
Since the top face of the plate also highlights,
you will have to deselect it using
the Remove option or <Shift> Pick Object
A
SOURCE: ALAN J. KALAMEJA, AUTOCAD 2012 TUTOR FOR ENGINEERING GRAPHICS, THOMSON LEARNING
The SOLIDEDIT Command
Copying (Face editing)
You can copy a face for use in the creation of another solid
model
Notice that all objects that makeup the face such as the
rectangle and circles are highlighted
Use the remove or <Shift> Pick Object options to obtain
desired selection
SOURCE: ALAN J. KALAMEJA, AUTOCAD 2012 TUTOR FOR ENGINEERING GRAPHICS, THOMSON LEARNING
The SOLIDEDIT Command
Imprinting (Body editing)
Place construction geometry on an object
Imprint the construction line onto the part
Once imprinted, the part is split on that surface and
can be extruded separately
SOURCE: ALAN J. KALAMEJA, AUTOCAD 2012 TUTOR FOR ENGINEERING GRAPHICS, THOMSON LEARNING
The SOLIDEDIT Command
Separating Solids (Body editing)
Used to convert a single solid object into separate
parts
In the example, a box is used to remove the middle
of the part
Once removed, use the SOLIDEDIT command with
the Body Separate option to make each half a
different part.
SOURCE: ALAN J. KALAMEJA, AUTOCAD 2012 TUTOR FOR ENGINEERING GRAPHICS, THOMSON LEARNING
The SOLIDEDIT Command
Shelling (Body editing)
SOURCE: ALAN J. KALAMEJA, AUTOCAD 2012 TUTOR FOR ENGINEERING GRAPHICS, THOMSON LEARNING
The SOLIDEDIT Command
Cleaning (Body editing)
When imprinted lines that form faces are not
used, they can be deleted from a model
The Clean option is used to remove the lines
previously used during the imprint process
SOURCE: ALAN J. KALAMEJA, AUTOCAD 2012 TUTOR FOR ENGINEERING GRAPHICS, THOMSON LEARNING
Further information!
SOURCE: ALAN J. KALAMEJA, AUTOCAD 2012 TUTOR FOR ENGINEERING GRAPHICS, THOMSON LEARNING
GUIDED LEARNING ACTIVITIES (GLAs)
(WEEK - 11)
GET YOUR LAB WORK CHECKED BY LAB TUTORS BEFORE YOU LEAVE
THE LAB.
NOTE:
To get participation marks, you must complete the GLAs during your registered lab
session in the relevant week.
Emailed GLAs do not attract any marks.
The figures, orthogonal views and dimensioning elements in this document are NOT TO
SCALE.
ACTIVITY 1:
Download and complete the 2D Multi-view tutorial.
ACTIVITY 2:
Create a 3D model of the object shown in the following Figure. Then create its multi-
view drawing using SOLVIEW and SOLDRAW commands. The drawing should
include:
- a FRONT view from A
- a SIDE view
- a TOP view.
You may like to use the primitives, as shown in Figure 2, to construct the
3D solid model.
FIGURE 1:
CLAMP (CAST IRON)
FURTHER INFORMATION:
Refer to the recommended textbook.
The line types need be modified according to the applicable drawing
standards.
SOURCE:
ALAN J. KALAMEJA, AutoCAD 2012 Tutor for Engineering Graphics,
Thomson Learning
STEP 1
Download and open the file SOLVIEW_SOLDRAW.dwg.
STEP 2
Follow the below command sequence to draw the FRONT view of the 3D
object.
NOTE:
Activating SOLVIEW command automatically switches the display to
the layout (also known as paper space) environment.
Select a smaller scale if your views dont fit on the sheet.
Repeat the above step for finishing the TOP and SIDE views.