Hyperbolic Geometry

By Robbi Rodemann and Brice Quillen

 Euclidean vs Non-Euclidean

Euclidean Non-Euclidean

Applies all five rules of Euclidean Postulate: Applies the first four of postulate with an
alteration to the fifth.

1. A straight line segment can be drawn joining any two points.

2. Any straight line segment can be extended indefinitely in a straight line.
3. Given any straight line segment, a circle can be drawn having the segment as radius and one endpoint as
center.
4. All right angles are congruent.
5. If two lines are drawn which intersect a third in such a way that the sum of the inner angles on one side is
less than two right angles, then the two lines inevitably must intersect each other on that side if extended far
enough. This postulate is equivalent to what is known as the parallel postulate.
 Hyperbolic Geometry
What it is not: What it is:
Euclidean geometry non-Euclidean geometry
Non-Euclidean geometry: Elliptic Negative curvature: For any infinite straight line
geometry and any point not on it, there are many other
Positive curvature: through any given infinitely extending straight lines that pass through
point in the plane, there exist no lines the point and which not intersect the line.
parallel to a given line
Hyperbolic Plane
Poincare disk
Hyperbolic projection

[H^2] (hyperbolic plane)^2 =

poincare disk (D)
H 2 = {(x, y) | x^2 + y^2 | < 1}
Unit circle formula: x^2 + y^2
=1
Conic Sections
Coxeter Hyperbolic Geometry
The Hyperbolic Plane

A tessellated plane of black and white

triangles and each triangle has an angle
/p /q /r
At its three vertices =180

The spherical cases (1/p +1/q +1/r > 1) are:

(p, 2,2), (3,3,2), (4,3,2), (5,3,2).

The Euclidean cases (1/p +1/q +1/r = 1) are:

(3,3,3), (4,4,2), (6,3,2)

The hyperbolic cases (1/p +1/q +1/r < 1) are:

Infinite in variety
 Circle Limit I
Lithograph made in
1958
Inspired from Coxeter
Escher was not
pleased with this
image
Circle Limit III (1959)
Works-Cited
Coxeter, H.S. M. "The Non-Euclidean Symmetry of Escher's Picture 'Circle Limit III'." JSTOR,
n.d. Web. 25 Feb. 2017.
<http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.ehc.edu:2048/stable/1574078?seq=2#page_scan_tab_contents>
.
Ernst, Bruno. The Magic Mirror of M.C. Escher. Slovakia: Taschen, 2016. Print.
"Hyperbolic Geometry." Hyperbolic Geometry - EscherMath. Math & the Art of MC Escher, n.d.
Web. 10 Mar. 2017.
<http://mathstat.slu.edu/escher/index.php/Hyperbolic_Geometry#Hyperbolic_Space>.
"M.C Escher and Hyperbolic Geometry: Hyperbolic Geometry." Hyperbolic Geometry, Section
5. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Mar. 2017.
<http://www.math.cornell.edu/~mec/Winter2009/Mihai/section5.html>.
Questions?