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Oracle Data Guard - Introduction

Introduction to Oracle Data Guard


Oracle Data Guard is most effective and comprehensive data protection and disast
er recovery solutions available for enterprise data.
Oracle Data Guard maintains, manages and monitors one or more standby database t
o protect enterprise data from failures, disasters, errors and corruptions. Stan
dby database is a consistent copy of production database. If the production data
base becomes unavailable because of a planned or an unplanned outage, Data Guard
can switch any standby database to the production role, thus minimizing the dow
ntime and enabling zero data loss.
Data Guard Configuration
1. Primary Database (Production Database)
2. Standby Database
a. Physical Standby database (Redo Apply)
b. Logical standby database (SQL Apply)
Data Guard Services
1. Log Transport Services
2. Log Apply Services : Redo Apply or SQL Apply
3. Role Management Services
Data Guard Broker
Data Guard broker is a distributed management framework that automates and centr
alizes the creation, maintenance, and monitoring of Data Guard configurations us
ing either GUI (In EM) or CLI(DGMGRL prompt)
Data Guard Protection Modes
1. Maximum Protection: No data loss. Primary database shuts down in case of tran
smission failure
2. Maximum Availability: No data loss. Primary database tolerates one transmissi
on failure
3. Maximum Performance: A transaction is committed when its redo entries are wri
tten to local redo log.
Data Guard and complementary Technologies
1. Oracle Real Application clusters (RAC)
2. Flashback Database
3. Recovery Manager (RMAN)
Summary of Data Guard Benefits
1. Disaster recovery, data protection , and high availability
2. Complete data protection
3. Efficient use of system resources
4. Automatic gap detection and resolution
5. Centralized and simple management
6. Integration with Oracle Database
Types of Standby Databases
1. Physical Standby Databases : It works in 2 modes: Redo Apply ( the database c
annot be opened while redo is being applied), open Read only and Open read /writ
e
Although the physical standby database cannot perform both Redo Apply and be ope
ned in read -only mode at the same time, you can switch between them.
Benefits of a Physical Standby Database
1. Efficient disaster recovery and high availability
2. Data Protection
3. Reduction in Primary database workload Performance
2. Logical Standby Database: The logical standby database can be used concurrent
ly for data protection and reporting operations. It has some restrictions on dat
atypes, types of tables, and types of DDL and DML operations
Benefits of a Logical standby Database
1. It has same benefits as in a Physical standby database
2. Efficient use of standby hardware resources
3. Reduction in primary database workload
Online Redo Logs, Archived Redo Logs, and Standby Redo Logs
Redo data transmitted from the primary database is received by the remote file s
erver (RFS) process on the standby system where the RFS process writes the redo
data to archived log files or standby redo log files
Online Redo Logs and Archived Redo Logs
1. Online Redo Logs apply in the primary database and does not apply in the phys
ical standby database
2. Primary database and both physical and logical standby databases each have an
archived redo log.
Standby Redo Logs
1. A standby redo log is similar in all ways to an online redo log, except that
a standby redo log is used only when the database is running in the standby role
to store redo data received from the primary database. It is highly recommended
to configure.

Data Guard - Setting up Physcial Standby Database


Hello,
Setting Up Physical Standby Database
Setting up a Physical Standby database is easy when all prerequisites and setup
steps are met. It is easy to build a Data guard Physical Standby Database using
Oracle 10g Grid Control Console.
Note:
1. Identical Hardware, OS on both Primary and Secondary
2. Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition on Primary and Secondary
3. SSH is configured for user oracle on both nodes
4. Oracle Home is on identical path on both nodes
Implementation Notes:
Follow these steps when once you have your primary database up and running
Primary Database
1. Enable Force Logging
2. Create a Password File
3. Configure a Standby Redo Log
4. Enable Archiving
5. Set Primary Database Initialization Parameters
Standby Database
1. Create a control file for the standby database
2. Backup the Primary Database and transfer a copy to the standby node
3. Prepare an initialization Parameter file for the Standby Database
4. Configure the listener and tnsnames to support the database on both nodes
5. Set Up the Environment to support the standby database on the standby node
6. Start the physical standby database
7. Verify the physical standby database is performing properly
Step by Step implementation of a Physical Standby environment
Primary Database Steps:
1. Check the name of the database by querying the database
SQL>desc v$database
BBMLPROD
SQL>select name from v$database;
2. Check the data file location on primary side
SQL>desc v$dba_data_files
SQL>select filename from v$dba_data_files
3. Check the online log file location on the primary side
SQL>desc v$log, v$logfile
SQL>select group3, member from v$logfile;
SQL>select * from v$log;
4. SQL>show parameter unique
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_unique_name string BBMLPROD
5. Enable force Logging
In order to implement standby database enable forced Logging . This ensures that ev
en in the event that a no logging operation is done, force logging takes precedenc
e and all operations are logged into the redo logs.
SQL>alter database force logging;
Database altered
6. Create a Password File
In order to be able to ship and apply archive log files from primary to standby
database a password file must be created on the primary and copied the same to t
he secondary.
Note: Sys password must be identical on both sites.
cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
[/opt/oracle]>orapwd file=orapwbbmlprod password=oracle force=y
7. Configure standby redo log is added to enable Data guard Maximum availability
and Maximum Protection modes. Configure standby redo logs (SRL) with same size
as online redo logs.
SQL> select * from v$logfile;
I have noticed there are 3 groups
SQL> select bytes from v$log;
Bytes
--------
52443300
SQL> alter database add standby logfile group 4 size 50M
Database altered
SQL>alter database add standby logfile group 5 size 50M
Database altered
SQL>alter database add standby logfile group 5 size 50M;
Database altered
Now make sure that u have three more log groups
Use this query
SQL> select * from v$logfile;
6 rows selected
8. Enable Archive log mode
Check whether database is in archive log if not alter the database to archive lo
g mode.
SQL>archive log list
Change the database to archive log mode
SQL> startup mount;
SQL> alter database archive log;
SQL>alter database open
SQL>archive log list
9. Set primary Database init.ora Parameter
Initialization Parameter controls the behavior of a Data Guard environment. Data
guard must use spfile, in order to configure this first we create and configure
standby parameters on a regular pfile and later we convert this to spfile
SQL> create pfile= /oradisk/app01/oracle/product/10gDB/dbs/pfileBBMLPROD.ora from s
pfile;
Edit the pfile to add the standby parameters, few parameters are listed which ne
eds to be modified.
Db_unique_name= BBMLPROD
Log_Archive_config= DG_CONFIG=BBMLPROD, BBMLDR
Log_Archive_Dest_1= Location=/../../archdest/
Valid_for=(All_logfiles, All_roles)
Db_unique_Name= BBMLPROD
Log_Archive_Dest_2=
Service= BBMLDR LGWR ASYNC
Valid_for=(online_logfiles, primary_role)
Db_unique_name=BBMLDR
Log_archive_dest_state_1=Enable
Log_Archive_Format=%t_%s_%r.arc
Log_Archive_Max_Processes=30
#standby role Parameters
Fal_server=BBMLDR
Fal_client=BBMLPROD
Standby_file_management=auto
Db_file_name_convert= BBMLDR/BBMLDR , BBMLPROD/BBMLPROD
Log_file_name_convert= /../../../ , / /../../
Once the parameter file is ready create spfile from this new pfile
SQL> shutdown immediate;
SQL>startup nomount pfile= /oradisk/app01/oracle/product/10gDB/dbs/pfileBBMLPROD.o
ra ;
SQL> create spfile from pfile= /oradisk/app01/oracle/product/10gDB/dbs/pfileBBMLPR
OD.ora ;
SQL>shutdown immediate;
SQL>startup;
Standby Database Steps
1. Standby database will use the control file that is generated on the primary d
atabase
SQL>startup mount;
SQL>alter database create standby controlfile as /oradisk/app01/oracle/product/10
gDB/dbs/BBMLDR.ctl ;
SQL> Alter Database Open;
2. Backup the Primary Database and transfer a copy to the standby node.
Note: Backup the primary database is nothing your .dbf, .log, .tmp files. Perfor
m copy of those files and using scp move that on standby database.
3. On the standby node create necessary directories to get the datafiles, logfil
es and so on.
[/opt/oracle]#mkdir p /oradisk/oracle/BBMLDR/datafile/
[/opt/oracle]#mkdir p /oradisk/oracle/BBMLDR/onlinelog/
[/opt/oracle/]#chown R oracle:dba/oradisk/oracle
4. Now Copy the entire database from primary to standby while the main database
is down or in backup mode. Copying database includes copying all .dbf,.log, .tmp
files
5. Prepare an initialization parameter file for the standby database.
Following list shows the parameter
Edit the following
Db_unique_name= BBMLDR
audit_file_dest= /oradisk/app01/oracle/admin/bbmldr/adump
background_dump_dest,= /oradisk/app01/oracle/admin/BBMLDR/bdump
core_dump_dest= /oradisk/app01/oracle/admin/BBMLDR/cdump
user_dump_dest, control_files= /oradisk/app01/oracle/admin/BBMLDR/udump
db_create_file_dest= /oradisk/oracle/BBMLDR
db_file_name_convert= /oradisk/oracle/bbmldr/datafile/ , /../../../bbmlprod/datafile/
log_file_name_convert= /oradisk/oracle/bbmldr/onlinelog/ , /../../../bbmlprod/onlinelo
g/
fal_server= bbmlprod
fal_client= bbmldr
log_archive_dest_1= location=/oradisk/oracle/bbmldr/archives/
valid_for=(all_logfiles, all_roles)
db_unique_name= bbmldr
log_archive_dest_2= service=bbmlprod lgwr async
valid_for=(online_logfiles, primary_role)
db_unique_name= bbmlprod
6. Create all required directories for dump directories and archived log destina
tion
[/opt/oracle]#mkdir p /oradisk/app01/oracle/admin/BBMLDR/budmp
[/opt/oracle]#mkdir p /oradisk/app01/oracle/admin/BBMLDR/cdump
[/opt/oracle]#mkdir p /oradisk/app01/oracle/admin/BBMLDR/udump
[/opt/oracle]#mkdir p /oradisk/app01/oracle/admin/BBMLDR/archives/
7. Copy from the primary controlfile to standby control file to its destination
using scp p
[sblbgp01]>scp p bbmldr.ctl drsblbgp01:/oradisk/BBMLDR/controlfile/bbmldr_02.ctl
[sblbgp01]>scp p bbmldr.ctl drsblbgp01:/oradisk/BBMLDR/controlfile/bbmldr_01.ctl
8. Configure the listener and tnsnames to support the database on both nodes
#ON sblbgp01
LISTENER_BBMLPROD=
(DESCRIPTION=
(DESCRIPTION=
(ADDRESS =(PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST=sblbgp01)(PORT=1520)(IP=FIRST))
)
)
SID_LIST_LISTENER_BBMLPROD
(SID_LIST=
(SID_DESC=
(GLOBAL_DBNAME= BBMLPROD)
(ORACLE_HOME = /oradisk/appl01/oracle/product/10gDB)
(SID_NAME = bbmlprod)
)
)
#drsblbgp01
LISTENER_BBMLDR =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST=
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP) (HOST = drsblbgp01) (PORT=1520) (IP=FIRST)
)
)
SID_LIST_LISTENER_BBMLDR =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = BBMLDR)
(ORACLE_HOME = /oradisk/app01/oracle/product/10gDB)
(SID_NAME = BBMLDR)
)
)
Configure tnsnames.ora on both servers to hold entries for both databases.
# ON sblbgp01
LISTENER_BBMLPROD =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST=
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL =TCP) (HOST = sblbgp01) (PORT = 1520) (IP = FIRST)
)
)
BBMLPROD =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP) (HOST =sblbgp01) (PORT = 1520))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = BBMLPROD)
)
)
BBMLDR =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP) (HOST = drsblbgp01) (PORT = 1520))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME =BBMLDR)
)
)
#ON drsblbgp01
LISTENER_BBMLDR =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL =TCP) (HOST =drsblbgp01) (PORT =1520) (IP = FIRST)
)
)
BBMLDR =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL =TCP) (HOST = drsblbgp01) (PORT =1520))
(CONNECT_DATA=
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = BBMLDR)
)
)
BBMLPROD =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP) (HOST =SBLBGP01) (PORT =1520))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER =DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME =BBMLPROD)
)
)
9. Start the listener and check tnsping on both nodes to both
On node 1
[sblbgp01]>Lsnrctl start bbmlprod
[sblbgp01]>Lsnrctl start bbmldr
[sblbgp01]>tnsping bbmlprod
[sblbgp01]>tnsping bbmldr
10. Set up the environment to support the standby database on the standby node.
Copy the password file from primary to standby, sys password must be identical
[sblbgp01]>scp orapwbbmlprod drsblbgp01:/oradisk/app01/oracle/product/10gDB/dbs/
orapwbbmldr
Setup the environment variable to point to the standby database
ORACLE_HOME=/oradisk/app01/oracle/product/10gDB
ORACLE_SID=bbmldr
PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
Startup nomount the standby database and generate an spfile
[drsblbgp01]> cd $ORACLE_HOME
[drsblbgp01]>Sqlplus /nolog
[drsblbgp01]>conn sys/as sysdba
SQL>startup nomount pfile = /oradisk/app01/oracle/product/10gDB/dbs/initbbmldr.ora ;
SQL>create spfile from pfile = /oradisk/app01/oracle/product/10gDB/dbs/initbbmldr.
ora ;
SQL> shutdown immediate;
SQL> startup mount
SQL> Alter Database Recover Managed standby database disconnect from session;
Database altered
Check the alert log of both primary and standby which will give you complete inf
ormation
Verifying the Physical standby database is performing properly
Check archived redo log on standby
SQL>show parameters db_unique_name;
SQL> Select thread#, sequence#, name, first_time, next_time, completion_time, ap
plied from V$ARCHIVED_LOG ORDER BY first_time, thread#;
Switch logfile on primary
SQL>alter system switch logfile;
SQL> archive log list
SQL>alter system switch logfile
SQL>archive log list
Check archived redo log on standby
SQL>Select thread#, sequence#, name, first_time, next_time, completion_time, app
lied from V$ARCHIVED_LOG ORDER BY first_time, thread#;

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