4,October2013
ReliabilityImprovementandOptimal
PlacementofRemoteControllingSwitchesof
DistributionSystemsUsingTabuSearch
Algorithm
P.GhaebiPanah*1,R.Sharifian2,M.R.Esmaili3,S.Azizkhani4,E.Jafari5
ElectricalEngineeringDep.,RaghebIsfahaniHigherEducationInstitute,Isfahan,Iran
*1
DepartmentofElectricalEngineering,LenjanBranch,IslamicAzadUniversity,Isfahan,Iran
2,5
3EsfahanRegionalElectricCompany,Isfahan,Iran
4FacultyofEngineering,MultimediaUniversity,Cyberjaya,Malaysia
*1payam.ghaebi@yahoo.com;2sharifian@iauln.ac.ir;3ismaili1360@gmail.com;4sahand.azizkhani@yahoo.com;
5jafari@iauln.ac.ir
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GlobalPerspectivesonArtificialIntelligenceVol.1Iss.4,October2013www.seipub.org/gpai
Since the system configuration is convoluted, the Regional Switches in Radial Distribution
optimization procedure demands a huge amount of Systems
mathematicalcalculations[He(1999)andTeng(2003)].
Considering the configuration of radial distribution
In fact, the optimal placement process cannot be
networks, if one device goes out of service, all
obtained using conventional methods. Therefore, subscribers after that point will be lost. Besides, the
some heuristic approaches are employed such as consumers have to wait out of power during
simulated annealing, particle swarm optimization, maintenanceandrepairperiod.Hence,theconsumers
Paretoalgorithm,andgeneticalgorithm[Bland(1991), located in the end of feeders have less reliability and
Moradi (2005), and ShiehShing (2013)]. There are experience higher cut out rate. In fact, if the power
various presented techniques to solve multiobjective systemtakesanotherpolicyfortheequipmentsunder
functions in distribution system design; for instance: repair while some downstream loads are energized
the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm and through bypass or main feeder, not only subscribers
strength Pareto evolutionary algorithm in [Fletcher satisfaction level ascends, but also that would be
(2007)], and also an innovative technique which possible to sell energy during the repair time and to
differentiates the nondominated multiobjective reduce total loss in this period [Moradi (2005)].
solutions with regard to the concurrent optimization Regional switches, as a practicable solution, may be
ofthefuzzyeconomiccost,fuzzyreliabilityratebased installed in both ends of a branch in a distribution
onTabusearchin[RamirezRosado(2001)].Furthermore, systemandmightfollowtwodifferentstrategies.
arecentresearchintroducedamultiobjectivereactive The first is not to put normally open switches in the
tabu search algorithm to enhance reliability in end of main feeders. In this situation, if a device has
developingpowerdistributionnetworks[Cossi(2012)]. problem, the nearest regional switch can cut out the
In this paper, the Tabu Search Algorithm (TSA) is power and let the impaired point be investigated.
Hence, there is no need to disconnect the circuit
adoptedtodeterminethebestplaceforswitchesinthe
breaker and subsequently, the load shedding area
distribution system. A simple instance here can be
would be shorter. In fact, this strategy provides some
helpful to clarify the issue and usage of modern
loads with one way energizing through the main
heuristictechniquesasfollows.
feeder.
A typical distribution system is assumed with 22
Thesecondisthatthisschemeincludesnormallyopen
recommended positions for switches, but because of
switches.Inthiscase,someloadscanbeenergizedvia
investmentlimitations,only12choiceshavefeasibility.
bothmainandauxiliaryfeedersinurgentoccasions.In
For this case, the available solutions are the
other words, normally open switches facilitate power
combinationof12outof22(C(12,22)),equalto646646
supplyinsomeareas.Forinstance,animpaireddevice
different configurations. Furthermore, all possible
is assumed located between two regional switches.
solutions should be assessed through financial aspect
Vividly, the two switches should cut off the line for
that demands hundred days to recognize the optimal
repair operation. Meanwhile, the normally open
choice. It is clear that this policy may not be suitable
switches could provide electricity for the affected
for running systems. Therefore, heuristic search
loadsthroughthebypassway.
methods are preferred to obtain the optimal solution
infewminutes[Teng(2003)].
Problem Formulation
Considering all abovementioned, the role of regional
Theobjectivefunctionaimstominimizethecostsdue
switchesinpowerdistributionsystemsisexplainedin to load shedding via optimal placement and
the second section. The third sectionisallotted to the rearrangement of switches in distribution feeders.
problem formulation. Afterwards, the Tabu Search Therefore, the objective function related to the out of
AlgorithmanditsstructurearediscussedinsectionIV. servicepowersuppliesshouldbeminimized.
The following section aims to develop an optimal
placement algorithm for remote control switches. In ECOST function takes the effects of system structure,
section VI, a real standard system is studied and the cut out time, load alteration, unpredicted faults, and
performance of algorithm is examined in practice. differentloadtypesintoconsideration.
nj nk
Finally,sectionVIItriestosumuptheissueanddraw ECOST Lk .C jk (r j ). j ($ / yr ) (1)
aconclusion. j 1 k 1
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GlobalPerspectivesonArtificialIntelligenceVol.1Iss.4,October2013www.seipub.org/gpai
FIG.2THESTANDARDTESTSYSTEMBUS4RBTS
Fourth: the previous steps are repeated until the halt Case I: employing circuit breakers and switches
criteriaareachieved. withoutnormallyopenauxiliaryones.
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www.seipub.org/gpaiGlobalPerspectivesonArtificialIntelligenceVol.1Iss.4,October2013
In this way, all single positions are assessed and the openswitch,includingitsinstallation,isassumed$600.
corresponding results listed in Table 1 indicate RegardingTable2,theoptimumnumberofswitchesis
optimumswitchnumberswithregardtotheeconomic 9 and the best positions for switch installation are
aspectandminimuminterruptions.Altogether,for10 locations 1 to 7, 9, and 14. In this case ECOST and
switches,thebestpositionswouldbelocation1to9as EENS are about 614.3776 $/yr and 125.2 KWh/yr.
well as 14. In this situation, ECOST and EENS are Similarly,theoptimalplacesforswitchinstallationare
equalto478.58678$/yrand10062.81KWh/yr. listedinTable3.
TABLEIRELIABILITYINDICESFORCASEI TABLEIIIOPTIMALLOCATIONFORSWITCHINSTALLATION
1 518.15442 11024.59
Conclusions
2 521.56666 11091.07
3 547.21362 11642.482 Automation of switches, a crucial function in
4 555.12275 11811.125
distribution systems, may work as a technique to
5 616.34219 13113.005
6 478.30392 11304.84
improve reliability. Considering different effective
7 494.20502 11233.29 elements in determining the optimum number of
8 506.87851 11313.645 swatches, the optimization problem could be
9 495.48508 10760.66 burdensome.Inthispaper,thefeasibilityofreliability
10 478.58678 10062.81
improvement using switch optimization in distribution
11 617.80046 13473.17
12 743.72174 16533.73
feedersissurveyed.
13 847.41834 19009.43 The optimization is developed based on the Tabu
14 969.2927 21963.665
SearchAlgorithmasasuccessfulapproach.Afterwards,
15 1007.15498 22706.71
16 1059/10546 23820.67 some numerical studies were carried out on a
17 1112.75207 24979.265 standard test system to assess the performance and
18 1152.89139 25782.405 effectiveness of the new method. Simulation results
19 1154/10936 25560.88
confirm that the proposed technique is powerful and
20 1198/63373 26479.835
bringssatisfactoryachievements.Theproposedmodel
Case II: employing circuit breakers and switches as can be implemented in software as a handy way to
wellasnormallyopenauxiliaryones. economically determine locations where could be
TABLEIIRELIABILITYINDICESFORCASEII remotecontrolpoints.
Numberofswitchs ECOST($/yr) EENS(KWh/yr)
1 726.616 187 REFERENCES
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