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Tyler Lawwill

Professor Raymond

UWRT 1104

4/5/2017

Annotated Bibliography

Source 1

Anderson, Javonte. "Youth football changes set to head off concussion rate." Post-

Tribune. N.p., 03 Feb. 2017. Web. 02 Apr. 2017.

(Anderson)

This is an article from the Chicago Tribune that talks about different changes that

might be coming to youth football. We can use this when we talk about different ways to

help make the game safer. The only limitation of the article is that it is pretty short. It

does have some very good information that we can use though.

This article will definitely help us on our project. We can use what is talked about

in the article when we talk about ways to lower the concussion rate. One quote from the

article is the new rules, which will be rolled out as a pilot program in 2017 in a few

select leagues nationwide, include reducing the number of players on the field from 11 to

six or nine, smaller fields, the elimination of special teams, forcing linemen to start in a

crouching position instead of the three-point stance and mandating that coaches ensure

players of equal size are lined up against one another. These are ways that USA Football

is going to try to limit the number of concussions in youth football.

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I think that the author is credible because it was written in an online newspaper

and has a few different sources. Saying that you can't trust everything you read on the

Internet.

Source 2

"Brain changes seen in youth football players without concussion." ScienceDaily.

ScienceDaily, n.d. Web. 02 Apr. 2017.

(Brain changes seen in youth football players without concussions)

This source talks about the changes seen in the brains of young athletes that

played football for one year even without suffering a concussion. This article shows that

even without suffering a concussion, these kids brains were affected from the repeated

blows to the head. This will be a very good article for our project. There are not really

any limitations with this source. It is long enough and has some very good information

for us to use.

This source will be used to show that even without having concussions, the

repeated blows to the head still affect the brains of young kids. One quote is researchers

have found measurable brain changes in children after a single season of playing youth

football, even without a concussion diagnosis, according to a new study published online

in the journal Radiology. I am interested to research this more to see if it is true and to

find out how much changing they are finding.

I would say that this source is fairly reliable because it is from Science Daily. I

will look into this idea further with different sources to check and see if it is true.

Concussion. Dir. Peter Landesman. Perf. Will Smith and David Morse. N.p., n.d. Web.

Source 3
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Concussion. Dir. Peter Landesman. Sony Pictures Entertainment, 2015. Film.

(Concussion)

This is a movie about CTE, which stands for chronic traumatic encephalopathy.

The character Will Smith is playing does an autopsy on a former football player and

discovers a type of Alzheimer's caused by repeated hits to the head. He names it CTE and

tries to spread public awareness about head injuries in football. The source will only be

used to provide a clip to show during our presentation.

The source is somewhat credible. The movie is based on a true story but

Hollywood seems to always exaggerate things so we will have to make sure everything is

true in the clip that we show.

Source 4

Gibbs, Lindsay. "Concussion expert says extent of brain damage in youth football players

'took my breath away'" ThinkProgress. ThinkProgress, 23 Nov. 2016. Web. 02

Apr. 2017.

(Gibbs)

This article talks about the effects of playing football at a young age can have on

you in your future. It also mentions that 47 kids have died in the past three years alone

playing football.

Like many of the other sources, this source will be used to include statistics into

our project. One limitation is that it is a short article so there isn't a ton of information but

the information that it does have is good.

This source will help us on our project by providing stats like scientists at the

Mayo Clinic Brain Bank last year discovered evidence of CTE in 21 out of 66 brains they
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studied that belonged to males who played contact sports when they were young. I

found this very interesting and also kind of startling.

The author of this source is a sports reporter for the website that the article came

from. She isn't completely qualified to talk about this subject but she got a lot of

information from other people who are qualified.

Source 5

Graham, Robert, Frederick P. Rivara, Morgan A. Ford, and Carol Mason Spicer, eds.

Sports-related concussions in youth: improving the science, changing the culture.

Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press, 2014. Print

(Graham et al.)

This source is a book that I found on the library database. The book is very long

and talks about everything there is to know about concussions in youth sports. There is

lots of statistics that are included as well as information about the effects of concussions.

We should be able to get a lot of information from this book that we can use in our

project. There is a lot of information about different studies that have been done on the

topic that is included in the book. One limitation of the source is that it is so long it is

going to be difficult to comb through it to find the information that we need. There is

plenty of information to use in it though, we just have to find it. There aren't really any

weaknesses to the source.

We will use this source for statistics like a review of National Collegiate Athletic

Association data for 15 sports showed that the overall reported concussion rate doubled
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from 1.7 to 3.4 concussions per 1,000 athletic exposures between the 1988-1989 and

2003-2004 academic years. This source will definitely help us with our project.

The author of this book is very credible the committee wrote it on sports related

concussions in youth. They did a lot of research on the topic and know what they are

talking about.

Source 6

Hamblin, James. "Football Alters the Brains of Kids as Young as 8." The Atlantic.

Atlantic Media Company, 24 Oct. 2016. Web. 05 Apr. 2017.

(Hamblin)

This article talks about young kids under the age of 12 playing football and the

affects it has on them. She tells a story of a kid that got hit in the head during a game and

had no serious side effects until he collapsed after the game because of swelling to his

brain. She says that this story led the state of Washington to pass the shake it off law

which states that a player that has signs of a concussion must be looked at and checked

by a medical practitioner prior to returning to the game.

I think that this article will help us with this project because it will help us talk

about the dangers of playing football under the age of 14. We will use this source for

statistics and information about why playing football at such a young age can be

detrimental to their future health mentally and physically.

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I would say that the author is credible because he is a doctor. He is also the host of

the TV show If Our Bodies Could Talk. I would say that this makes him qualified to write

about this topic.

Source 7

Sanchez, Marcio J. "Age a Factor in Youth Football Concussion Symptoms, Treatment."

CBS News. CBS Interactive, 03 May 2016. Web. 05 Apr. 2017.

(Sanchez)

This article talks about the problem of young kids returning to games too soon

after a concussion. Youth players had the highest rate of return in 24 hours after a

reported concussion than any other age group at 10%. That is a very large number

because in the NFL it takes players months to pass the concussion protocol to return to

the team. She also says that the NFL and college football have gotten a lot more attention

in the past few years about concussions that youth football has.

I think this article will help us with our project because it has a lot of good

information about our topic. We will get a few statistics from this website but also just

general information about how youth football doesnt get enough attention about head

injuries. The article is from CBS so I would say that it is a credible source to user for our

project.

Source 8
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Schwarz, Alan. "N.F.L.-Backed Youth Program Says It Reduced Concussions. The Data

Disagrees." The New York Times. The New York Times, 27 July 2016. Web. 05 Apr.

2017.

(Schwarz)

This source talks about how the NFL has funded the heads up program which

teaches coaches the proper way to teach their players to tackle. They said that it was

reducing the number of concussions when in reality it wasnt doing anything. Studies

have shown that the number of concussions havent gone down at all since starting the

program.

This article will help us because it will give us another topic to talk about during

our presentation. We can show that teaching these kids the proper way to tackle still isnt

lowering the number of concussions in football. There is going to have to be something

else to do to lower the concussion rate. This article comes from the New York Times so it

is an extremely credible source to use for this project.

Source 9

Dotinga, Randy. "Youth Football Tackle Drills and Concussion Risk." WebMD. WebMD,

n.d. Web. 05 Apr. 2017.

This source talks about how more than 70% of all football players are under the

age of 14. Why are they getting the least amount of attention if they are the biggest

population? The article says that most concussions at that age occur in practice during

tackling drills. In a study, they found that 86% of high-level impacts came from tackling

drills in practice.
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I think this source will help us with our project because it is pretty long and has a

lot of good information. We can talk about how concussions dont just occur in games but

in practice as well. We will use this source for statistics like the one I used earlier. The

source is Web MD which is a credible health related website.

Source 10

Schmidle, Nicholas. "Can Technology Make Football Safer?" The New Yorker. The New

Yorker, 26 Jan. 2017. Web. 05 Apr. 2017.

(Schmidle)

This magazine talks about whether or not technology can make football safer. It

talks about different kinds of helmets that could possibly limit the number of concussions

in football. It also talks about different former players that committed suicide because of

the after effects of the concussions that they had.

This article will help us with our project because it gives us information on ways

to limit the number of concussions that kids are having these days. This is something that

I havent found any other sources on so I will have to look into this further. This article is

very good but really long so it is hard to find the information that we can use in our

project. The source is from the New Yorker magazine so it is very reliable.
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